1929-02-21 — Page 7

FENG MOVING HIS HEADQUARTERS.

BREAK WITH CHIANG KAI SHEK.

KWANGSI CLIQUE TAKES SIDES.

(Wah Tes Tat Pao).

SHANGHAI Feb. 20th.

POSTAL CONTROL IN KWANGTUNG.

CANTON AND SWATOW Q SECTIONS

TWO HEAD OFFICES.

(Fah For Tat Pao).

SHANGHAI, Feb. 20th, Marshal Feng Yu Hsiang, follow

The Ministry of Communications ing his return to Honan, bas tele-issued an order yesterday to re graphed to Nanking stating that he form the postal administration of intends to transfer hie military staff Kwangtung. The existing Post that asset to to Kaifeng and Oce at Swatow will henceforth be independent of that in Canton and the whole province will be divided into two sections under the control of one or other of the offices.

special trains will be sent to Pakow to carry them north.

This is regarded as proof that Marshal Feng is at variance with Marshal Chiang Kai Shek and Mar. shal Yen Hd Shan. Harshal Chiang is alleged to have secured the co- operation of the Kwangsi Clique in the present move,

CHINA'S NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT.

Marshal Feng is thus isolated especially a5 General Pei Chung Hi, long an opponent of MarshalAID FROM GERMAN EXPERTS. Chiang Kai Shck, has been forced to retire by the superior power of the Kwanghi Clique.

Dificult situation.

NAVAL WIRELESS.)

A difficult military situation has arisea in Southern Shantung and Northern Honan, which is due prob- ably to the alleged combination of Ten Hai-Shan and Chiang Kai Shek against Feng Tu Hsiang. Some of Feng's chief adherents; included among whom is the Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs (Feng's brother. in-law), bave left Nanking hurriedly during the last few days.

No confirmation has yet been obtained of the report that fight ing has already occurred in the Taining area.

There is no change to report in the

The situation at Chofoo brigand chief. Huie Feng Chi, is reported to be at Lungrow.

FIVE BAR FLAG.

(THROUGH BLUTEE'S 'AGENCY,]

SHANGHAI, Feb. 20th.

A Japanese report from Dairen states that Chang Tsung Chang and Wu Kuang Hsin sailed for Langkow yesterday morning, while the Five Bar fing was again bointed at the port offices at Tsingtao Jesterday afternoon.

HANKOW BOYCOTTERS".

TERMS.

(Wah Tee Yat Poo).

SHANGHAI, Feb. 20th.

The Japanese residents in the Hankow Japanese Concession are becoming weary of the boycott situation. They sent a delegation

CHIANG TSO PIN AT BERLIN.

[THROUGH REUTER'S, AGENOT.]'

THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21st,

ROYAL VISIT TO WHITE » CITY.

CAREFUL INSPECTION OF EXHIBITS.

PRINCE'S INTEREST IN SALESMANSHIP.'

(THROUGH AKUTKE'S 'AGENCY,}

tracted to

BRITISH AIRCRAFT

TRIUMPH.

AMERICA CHOOSES BLACK- BURN MACHINES."

U.S. EXPERTS' DECISION.

SERVICE)

[BÅTTISH WIRKLISS

Rucar, Feb. sotha

BOON FOR BRITISH

MINERS.

1929.

PREMIER TO THE RESCUE.

COLLIERIES WORKING "TO" | BACK BENCH CONSERVATIVES

CAPACITY,

IN REVOLT.

FROST HOLDS UP COMPETITORS.

· GOVERNMENT NEARLY,

[movox REUTER'S AGENCY.)

LONDON, Feb. 20th

DEFEATED.

(THROUGH REUTER'S 'AGENCY.]

*

LONDON, Feb. 20th.

U.S. TUBE TRAIN CRASHES.

FRANTIC FIGHT: FOR LIFE.

POOLS OF BLAZING OIL.

[ REUTER'S "AMERICAN BREVICK]

NEW YORK, Feb. 20th Fifty passengers were injured and two hundred affected by smoke and fumes as the result of a fire

Women

It is understood that arrange- ments have been reached whereby LONDON, Feb 18th.

flying boats of British design will

"The frosty: weather in England, tramped for nearly six miles in the service to be established betwee

The Prince of Wales to-day be used on the new commercial air.

The newspapers gave prominence on the first car of a tube train pro London section of the British Indus the United States Atlantic seaboard which experts consider is likely to to a serne in the House of Cost-ceeding to New Jersey by the under tries Fair in his anxietro and the Pacife coast of South last for some days, besides provid. mons last night when Mr. Bald ground railway beneath the Hudson

America. An influential group of ing skaters with more opportunities win's eleventh hour intervention River,

There were a thousand passen whole of the remarkable exhibition.

American financiers are promoting than they have had for years, has saved the Government from defeat. Her Majesty the Queen and Prince George accompanied him for

the scheme, and their technical re created a temporary boom in the The debate was on the questioners on board the train, many of".

Practically every of compensating Irish loyalists whom had their clothes torn of in part of the way, and the Royal pres devoted to an examination of colliery in Britain is working to who

presentatives, after, a five months coal industry.

suffered loss during the the mad scramble to escape. When the windows of the train were Party took a marked interest in the Rying boat types in many countries, full capacity, and the demand for troubles in south Ireland, and section exploited by the Empire have entered into an agreement killed miners is increasing daily. back beach Conservatives openly opened to let out the amoke flames Marketing Board. ·

The frost has not only increased revolted when Mr. Amery intro Appeared and men and with the Blackburn Aeroplane. Com-

clawed cas another in a mad fight pany of Leeds who are among the the demand for coal but has locked duced an estimate attempting to pioneers of British aviation and are up some of Britain's keenest com-justify the Government's decision for safety in which the weaker ware particularly noted for their all-petitors owing to the freezing of not fully to pay claims above trampled under foot. Several of the passengers say they saw pools metal design of large Aring beats. the Polish and Baltic ports and the £1,000,

MF. Churchill's adamant attitude of blazing oil in the tunnel, inland waterways of Germany.

particularly annoyed the Conser These conditions may, of course,vativas, and anxious Government. rapidly disappear, but the immed-Whips, fearing a division, ught fate outlook in the British coal in Mr. Baldwin, who immeataly fields is good and the demand for moved to report progress and en- transport by rail and sea is excep- able the whole matter to be recon tionally heavy.

· Less Unemployment. A further decrease of 27,000. is officially recorded in registered un- employment as compared with the preceding week. For several weeks. the figures have shown progressive improvement approximately on the

The Queen was particularly at

some Chinese designs on furniture in one section of the Fair, and finally completed the par- chase of a bedroom suite for Wind- Bor. Costle.

Chinese Designs.. The site is carried out in Chinese lacquer in a soft pastel blue, with conventional Chinese designs, some of which the makers stated had been copied from designs in the South Kensington Museum.

BERLIN, Feb. 10th. The influence of the West on China, with special reference to

The suite, it is to be noted, was Germany, was the subject of "an address to a delegation of journal-made by disabled trained ex-Service 1sts by Mr. Chiang Tso Fin, the men new Chinese Minister to Berlin, who has only recently arrived in Germany.

After referring to the friendly relations existing between China and Germany, be declared that the Chinese National Government intended to carry out big "pro- gramme of economic reconstruc tion in the very near future.

It was imposible, he said, to feed China's rapidly growing population of over 400,000,000 souls from the yield of China's own agriculture, nor could China produce sufficient raw materials.

The industrialisation of the coua- try was, therefore, imperative. At east, this was the Chinese opinion of the problem..

The experience gained by the scientists, technical experts and industrialists in Germany, which in the eyes of the Chinese was one of the most highly developed indus trial countries in the world, would prove most valuable to China.

DEATH OF VŸVYAN DENT.

A NOTED SINOLOGUE,

Wah Tas Fat Poo).

Her Majesty also apent a great deal of time in admiration of the new Chinese jade-ware exhibits She purchased an ash-tray, adorn ed with two parrots, which Her Majesty is taking to Bognor on her return a & present for the King.

The King will be delighted to have a gift of this kind from the Exhibition, said Her Majesty, for he has always been keenly interested in the Fair, and would not miss it on any account if he were well.

German Buyers.

1

The Prince of Wales expressed the greatest pleasure on observing a number of German buyers on the look-out for handbags and fancy leather goods, and he conversed with them for some little time.

In all the Queen, the Prince of Wales and Prince Goerge spent two hours and a half at the White City, making a mose exhaustive inspec tion of the exhibits. 11

.Prince's Interest.

Once inside the Fair, the Queen and the two Princes separated, for they naturally wished to see dif ferent things. The Prince of Wales toured the whole exhibition.

His Royal Highness made parti- cular inquiries at the various stalls. SHANGHAI, Feb. goth. in the section occupied by the death is announced al to approach the Strare Committee Vyvgan Dent, formerly Commis-mpire Marketing Board as to what

The

at Hankow yesterday and obtain sioner of Customs and a noted the opinion of the leaders regard-Sinologue, as the result of injuries ing the settlement of the crisis. received in, a motor-'bus accident. The Strike Committee, however, stood by its former policy and de- manded that the incident in which a Chinese coolie, was killed by d be Japanese motor-cyclist must settled before other problems were "touched.

In view of the fact that the Bind Japanese negotiations have broken -down the Anti-Japanese Society at Nanking is urging that the central authorities abould adopt a more drastic policy towards Japan.

COMPLETE RUPTURE..

(Wah T Tat Poo).

ཐ

WORLD COURT AT THE HAGUE.

-

AMERICA'S ADHERENCE WITH RESERVATIONS.

SEEKING A FORMULA,

(REUTER'S 'AMERICAN SERVICE]-

"

WASHINGTON, Feb., 19th. Mr. Kellogg, the Secretary of State, has handed to the diploma- tic representatives of all Powers signatory to the World Court Pro- tocol Noto intimating that the SHANGHAI. Feb. 20th. "United States is willing to become Member of the Court of Inter- The Evening News learns from national Justice at the Hague pro. official sources" that the demande vided a formula can be discovered of the Nationalat 'Government that for safeguarding the interests of Japan shall assume full respon the United States and overcoming sibility for the Tainan incident, pay the obstacle of the fifth American reparations totalling $30,000,000 reservation. end dismiss General Fukuda, the Commander-in-Chief of Japanese forces at Tainan, have resulted in a complete rupture of the Wang Yoshizawa negotiations.

NEW MINISTERS.

[THROUGH' REUTER'S AGENCY.]

NANKING, Feb. 20th.

The fifth reservation stipulated

was being done to improve sales manship.

When visiting the most attractive. ly arranged Canadian Section, the

Prince disclosed his intention of endeavouring to go again to Canada in the near future.

.

The Queen afterwards returned to Bognor

THE KING.

CONFINED TO ROOM BY THE

COLD..

[BRITISH WIRELESS SERVICE]

Reory, Feb. 20th.

A United States company will be formed; known as the Blackburn Aircraft Corporation, and will have the right under an agreement to use the British Blackburn design of flying boats and light aeroplanes. "It was in a Blackburn Iris flying boat that the Air Minister, Sir Samuel Hoare, last year made bis Baltic cruise, and the Parliamentary Sir Philip Secretary for Air Sassoon, flew to India,

[20

Flying Route Outlined The American manufacturing and operating rights have been acquired by A. R. Martine of New York and he announces that a $10,000,000 American company will be organized in the United States and air lines insugurated before the end of 1920, going to South America by way of Cuba and Central America, with an eventual "hook up

the South Atlantic to South Africa.

Mr. Martine says that the deal is a very important one, both from the viewpoint of military and commercial aviation. Seaplanes of all kinds will be shipped from England until the American fac tory is in operation.

Вогова

COSTES EARLY

CRASH.

DOWN IN PARIS SUBURBS,

LEBRIX GOOD PROGRESS.

(THROUGH FCTER'S AGENCY.]

PARIS, Feb. 19th.

An early mishap befel the latest venture of the famous French, airman, Captain Costes, who lefti Le Bourget at 5.33 a.m. this morn- ing in an endeavour to set up a new out and home record between Paris: and Hanoi, Indo-China.

Costes was making for Tripoli, But the great machine in which he was flying had not been in the air for many minutes when engine trouble, developed and Costes was forced to land at Bondy, on the outskirts of Paris,

The machine crashed and has been completedly destroyed, but the occupants escaped unhurt. Costes was accompanied on this disastrous Alight by two lesser-known, aviators." It was planned that the party should study the prospects of the establish- ment of a regular air mail service between France and Indo-China, and the machine was carrying mail representing 90,000 francs,

'LEBRIX' FEIGHT.

same scale.

:

The Lord Mayor's fund for the relief of distress caused by unem ployment now approaches a total of £700,000, which will be brought to £1,400,000 by the Government's pound for pound contribution. The amount already distributed exceeds £432,000.

·Boots and Clothing.

All requisitions for boots and clothing for women and children in the distressed areas have been met, and local committees are assisting by special grants in cases of illness or accident and are also making grants to enable the recipients to accept fresh employment. Assist ance is also being given in school fees and where necessary in the provision of extra nourishment to families. Other uses to which the money supplied by the central fund is being put include the granting of assistance towards the transfer of young persons and special assist ance in certain matters in conner tion with emigration and the assist- ance in the enltivation of market garden allotrients,

ENFORCEMENT OF:

PROHIBITION.

HOOVER'S DETERMINATION.

IDAHO'S DOUBTFUL ́

EXAMPLE.

(ERÜTER'S AMERICAN SERVICE]

to

WASHINGTON, Feb. 19th. It is believed that Mr. Hoover; the President-Elect, who has just returned Washington from Florida, will devote all his energies to the enforcement of Frohibition.. It is rumoured that he intends to remove the responsibility for the enforcement of the law front the Treasury to the Departa nt of Justice, at the head of which will be the redoubtable "Dry" Senator Borah.

It was stated at Craigwell House this morning that the King passed a good night. The weather con tinues so cold" and the easterly winds so sharp that it has not yet been possible to take the King on the verandah, as it is hoped to do

Lobniz. Costes companion ia immediately the climatic conditions many famous fight, making good progress in his fight to "After a good night, His Majesty Saigon. Leaving Tunis on Ther has had a satisfactory day, states day he passed over Benghsa, at an oficial message from Craigweil 12.50 am on Wednesday morning. G.$10,000.

are suitable.

House, Bognor, on Tuesday,

Fond landed at Heliopolis at 8.45. In the morning it was cold, dull and cheerless, but in the afternoon

کوم

Senator Borafi was only yester- day speaking about Prohibition, The subject under discussion was the Foxes Bill, which seeics to fix the maximum pentity for violation at five of the Prohibition Law years imprisonment, or a fine of

After Senator Reed had referred in most scornful terms to the activities of "Pussyfoot "Johnson

sidered.

CAUSE OF SPANISH

REVOLT.

PROMOTION BY MERIT OR SENIORITY?

ARTILLERY CORPS DISSOLVED.

(THROUGH. REUTER'S' AGENCY.]

MADRID, Feb. 20th." The Artillery corps which was responsible for the recent revolt has been temporarily dissolved, and the officers are to be regarded as civilians and are not entitled to wear uniform or draw their salaries until the Corps is reconstituted in June. The officers have been order- ed to proceed within twenty-four hours to certain places of residence

where they will stay until further notice.

A Royal Decree. Discontent against the present régime has besa particularly riic since the Royal Decree of June 1923, which introduced promotion by merit and ended promotion by seniority which was adopted by the Corps Afty years ago as a protest igainst nepotism..

The oflcers who will be commis- sioned in the re-constituted Corps will be obliged to swear fidelity to the constituted Governinent.

EMBARGO ON EXPORT OF ARMS.

AMERICAN-MOTION SHELVED.

[REUTKE'S AMERICAN SKEVICH.]

WASHINGTON, Feb. 20th." The Foreign Relations Committes of the House of Representatives has shelved the resolution ex Lowering the President to place an embargo on the export of arms and munitions to belligerents. The measure is therefore killed for the "present as far as Congress is co cerned as it adjourns early in March.

LABOUR MINISTRY IN AUSTRALIA? GENERAL ELECTION IN THE OFFING.

GOVERNMENT FACES A

CRISIS.

{THAÏVON REUTER'S AGENCY.]

CANBERRA, Feb. 19th

It seems clear that Australia is

now entering upon the biggest political crisis since Mr. Hughes went out of office in 1923.

The Government, which only avoided defeat over the recent arbitration award discussion by the casting voto of the Speaker, is now threatened with defeat on the Fin uncial Agreement Bill

This is a Government measure which aims at finally eliminating the system of per capita payments to the States of the Commonwealth. The Labour Members of Parlia ment are voting solidly in favour of the restoration of payments. The defeat of the Government on this

LABOUR IN THE FAR EAST. measure, which is regarded by Mr. Bruce as all-important, would mean the immediate resignation of the REVIEW BY ALBERT THOMAS. Bruce Cabinet, and the formation. of a Ministry by Mr. Scallia, the Labour leader.

KUOMINTANG'S POWER,

(THROUGH REUTER'S ¿GENOT.}

Inter

As it is equally obvious that a Labour Goverment could not last, a General Election would follow.

The Government is striving to avoid defeat, but political circles:

GENEVA, Feb. 19th. Interviewed to-day on his retur from a tour of the Far East, n-are pessimistic. bracing China and Japan, Y. Al- bert Thomas, of the national Labour Office, said that he had been greatly struck by the man ner in which the racial problem was everywhere" to the forefront in the Far East.

His observations on China were

brief, bat he stated that the Kto pressing old give him the "in- Pression of being a most powerful party, though be added that Euro- that civil war were of the end war would break out again one day, elaborating a social code that would China, he said, was engaged in

Telegrams in Brief.

The Canadian House of Co mions has passed unanimously. Mr. Mackenzie King's resolution for the ratification of the Kellogg Pact,

The Postmaster General stated in the House of Commons that in 1928, 106,000 letters originating in this country, were carried by air mail sent abroad by ordinary mails and No fewer than 350,000 letters were

there were a few hours of sunshine, SAFER FLYING BY NIGHT. and the Anti-Salcon League, Sena enable the unification of labour con; subsequently carried by air mail. '

And the King was again able to sit in a chair at the open window of his room to enjoy it..

that the World Court shall net, without the consent of the United States, entertain any request for advisory opinion touching any dis- pute or question in which the United States is interested.

Unofficial circles in Washington, on learning of Mr. Kellogg's Note, express the opinion that it is not

Dr. Woods went down from Lon- unlikely that the impending condon to apply violet ray treatment. The Central Political Council basference of international jurists at

It is understood that the members appointed Quo Tai Chi, Fu Ping Genera on amendments of the Chan, Chu Chan Lien, Wan Sze statutes of the International Court of the Royal Suite are quite satia- King, and Tai En Sai as Ministers may discover a formula to be in- Plenipotentiary to Italy, Belgium. Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Brazil respectively.

POLICEMEN WHILE YOU WAIT.

THROUGH LEUTERʼR AGENCY,

PEPING, Feb. 20th. The Legation Quarter authorities rapidly solved yesterday's strike problem. During the night an en- tire new police force was recruited which was on duty before midday. The new police consist of former municipal police, watchmon, etc.

HMS. MOTH REFLOATED.

[NAVAL WIRELESS.]

corporated in the revised Statutes which will adequately cover the reservation made by the Senate of the United States,

LEAGUE SPEECHES BROADCAST. EXPERIMENTË FROM GENEVA

{RECTER'S AMERICAN SERVICE.}

WASHINGTON, Feb. 19th. The Secretariat of the League of Nations has informed the Federal Radio Commission that it will con- duct short-wave broadcasting trials in March to the United States, South America, Japan and Austra- Jia

League speeches will be broadcast! Wucnow, Feb. 20th. to the United States and South H.M.S. Moth was reflouted yes America, on March 12th, 19th, and terday and towed to a position 28th, in English, French and about four miles abore Webster Spanish for one hour; to Japan on Bocks. This was to get out of the March 13th, 20th, and 27th, ip strong, currents, which prevented English for half-an-hour. the placing of collision mate in the required positions The work of PCLL uses a short-wave of 15.4 making her St for, the passage to metres with a power of 25 kilo Hong Kong is proceeding.

AUTOMATIC LIGHTING OF

AERODROMES.

SWITCHED ON BY SOUND.

[REUTER'S AMERICAN SERVICE]

NEW YORK, Feb. 19th

ditions.

for Borah insisted that the con-

Conditions both in China and in stitution must be respected.

Japan were very similar, though Senator Borah cited his Japan was taking great strides to State, Idaho, as the model of awards the betterment of labour law-abiding community.

conditions Japan, he said, would Members of the Senate were shortly ratify several new Labour greatly amused when in response Conventions. He added that em to this statement, Senator Brace ployers and workers in Japan ap of Maryland, read a newspaper article headed Idaho Drowds Dry Problem in Moonshine" and going on to describe the conditions in. Idaho as shocking."

The Bit was adopted and now goes to the House of Representa-

fed with the King's progress, ** Warmer Day,

"An extremely valuable device for Although the weather forecasts the aid of aircraft, made possible anticipate a continuance of cold and by the combination of two recent frosty weather with easterly and inventions, was effectively demon- south-easterly winds, in Central

strated at the Newark airport in London the temperature this morn New Jersey this evening. ing had risen to freezing point at

In response to the sound of a 8 o'clock and in the following few siren from an approaching aero- hours increased to 37 degrees plane, the vast landing ground was Fahrenheit, the highest temperature automatically flooded with light EXPERTS CONFERENCE ON for several days. There was yester from a 24,000,000 candle-power

REPARATIONS." day a thaw in the south-west of electric beacon, England, but over the rest of Great Britain there was no appreciable aid of any kind by the ground relaxation in the grip of the frost,

SCOTTISH LEAGUE. ST. MIHREN BEATEN,

(THROUGH BRUTER'S - AUKNOY,],

LONDON, Feb. 19th Cowdenbeath effected one of the biggest surprises of the season in the Scottish League, visiting St. Mirren and, scoring & capital vie tory by four goals to one."

Another Scottish League match between Glasgow Celtic and Hamil. top Academicals resulted in a win for the Celtic by 30.

J

tires

pear to he ripe for collective action,

NEW PAPAL STATE.

INDEPENDENT POSTS AND

The "French revenue return for January is officially stated to have been "Frt, 3,903,000,000, which re- veals an increase of Frs. 487,000,000 the Budget preliminary timates, and an increase of Fri. 491,000,000 on the returns of Janu- ary last year.

Queen Wilhelmina of Holland has sufficiently recovered from her - ness to transact State Business.

As the outcome of satisfactory teste recently, it is announced by the directors of the Blue Star Line. that all vessels under their control will be converted to burn pulverised coal entirely. The change-over will be effected within the shortest po sible space of time.

TELEPHONES.

[TEROVÄN KRUTER'S 'AGENCY.]

ROME, Feb. 19th:- Rapid development of the naw

The Prime Minister received the report from an authoritative source Salvation Army and Mrs. Higgins that the newly-erected Sovereiga

This was accomplished without ORGANISATION OF SUB-COM- Papal Territory is indicated in a newly appointed General of the

etaf

The test was repented with com- plete success from various direc tions and altitudes by the same pilot and the same machine."

MITTEES.

{BRITISH WIRKLIES SERVICE]

RUGES, Feb. 18th.

The innovations will give the Pope and the Papal authorities communications with the outside world independent of any Italian supervision.

State of the Vatican is to have its at the House of Commons on Tues-- own telegraph office and telephone day afternoon, together with most of exchange.

the sombers of the High Council who have not yet departed for their At its meeting in Paris this It was afterwards disclosed to morning, the Exports Committee on

High Council was introduced to the commands. Each member of the journalists invited to witness the Reparations received certain sug

Prime Minister who afterwards demonstration that the experi-gestions from Sir Josiah Stamp

preased his appreciation of the ments were carried on by means and Dr. Schacht, the British and

work of the Army in a brief speech. of the sound sensitive device which

German members, who were request- The Papal authorities from now is a vital portion of the internal ed by the Committee to continue on, it is stated, will be in a post- The acceptance trials took place mechanism of "Mr. Televox, the with the assistance of Messrs Far- tion to get into direct touch with on Tueday in the Firth of Clyde of famous mechanical man, or robot mentier (France), Suvitch (Italy) London, Paris, Berlin and else the new P. and O. Liner Viceroy manufactured by the Westinghouse and Gutt (Belgium) their investiga- where.

a of Indin. The vessel is of 19,700 tions into the best means of organis It has also been arranged that tons and has Turbo-electric propul ang sub-committees for the special the Vstion will send its own corsion, me notable feature being examination of complex questions respondence in Pontifical lorier single berth cabins for all first class

Electric Company, man The League wireless station

wetta.

The application of the principle, to other machinery seems a likely

development.

on the agenda.

connecting with various trains.

Paksengers. Au