1927-12-15 — Page 3

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HOW DID THE FIRST MAN ARRIVE

ON EARTH?

PROBLEMS IN PEDIGREE FOR THE SCIENTIST.

THE LINE BETWEEN APE AND HUMAN.

[BY PROFESSOR SIR ARTHUR KEITH

Every season, sametimes oftemer, women find themselves in a serious" quandary. Must last season's hat be scrapped! Or is it possible, by judicial concessions to fashion, to make it continue in service 1.

to

Modern clergymen, it seems me, have a lace a situation of somewhat like kind. Must the no- count of man's first appearance given in Genesis be scrapped? Or is it possible, by judicious trim- ming, to make the old account fit within the new scheme of know ledge i

free

to

FINANCE IN GERMANY.

REICHBANK CHIEF'S

WARNING.

MUNICIPAL EXTRAVAGANCE.

BERLIN, November 19th. Dr. Schacht has followed up Mr. Our Changing Tongue.

Parker Gilbert's artillery prepara- `In what century did the tongue tion with a storm dlf along the line.. of our Saxon ancestors change in. In a speech at Bochum this even- to the English of to-day? Was it ing-the text of which has been when, the translators of the Bible wisely hunded to the Press in ad- finished their task at Westminster vance-the President of the Reichs- under James the First Or was bank drove home with pitiless blows Chaucer's time Or still the lesson of the Reparations it in earlier? Students of our tongue Agent's Memorandum. recognise that no definite point can be fixed to mark the beginning of modern English; our tongue has gone on changing, and evolving from century to contury, and will

go on..

We can

Clergymen are now

Those of us who are seeking to choose; the recent letters exchang- trace inan's history into a distant ed between the Bishop of Birming past, are encompassed by the per ham and the Archbishop of Canter-plexities of transition. bury leave them an "open course; they may treat "Genesis as П allegory" "or" replace it altogether by Darwin's account of man's first appearance Either course is now

orthodox.

Why is it that medical men, par. ticularly those who are responsible for laying their profession upon a solid basis of fact, no longer temporise with Genesis, but have scrapped this book, even as an al legoryIt is because it cannot be made to agree in any way with the great and growing fund of knowledge which has been collected concerning the behaviour of man's body and mind, in health and in disease..

The pioneer in medicine has reased to regard the doctrine of evolution as a matter of merely

theoretical interest. He hads it to be just as necessary for him to postulate that the human body has boca evolved as it is for the navigator to believe that the earth is round. How could any modern teacher of medical students assure his class, even in allegory, that the first woman was a modifed" ribi

A Naw Discovery.

trace all the changes which trans- form the human embryo into a and the fætra human fetus,

fall-time fruit, into

but 10 imperceptibly does the one stage glide into another. that we

题 definite line to not draw

manhood

Jed

"

сап

In unravelling man's pedigree we meet with exactly the same kind of difficulty. AE that we have discovered so far concerning believe that the transition from man's early ancestry leads us to

ape toman has been a very gradual process. As our know lodge of man's past increases the shall we draw the line which marke question is certain to arise: where

the last appearance of the ape and the first appearance of man

As he reminds his audience, Dr. Schacht has been a consistent warner since the stabilisation of the mark in the autumn of 1923, but he has never been go outspoken. as now, and without the artillery preparation of the Reparations Agent he would hardly have dared to push his attack so far, into the enemy's country on so wide a izent. And the front is very wide, for he Bays:-

A feeling of responsibility is still lacking at many pointa in our young Republic. It was no responsible financial policy that at a time when the Government and the Reichsbank were trying to check the stream of foreign louna, the private business world, on the back of German cup- rency, involved itself in short-term

mark the end of one stage and indebtedness to the foreigner, It the beginning of another. We find was no responsible financial policy it equally difficult to tell the exact at a time of extreme shortness of exact capital when, in consequence of the point at which boyhood passes into lack of investment money, Seven per girlhood Ento Cent. Mortgage Bands were hardly womanhood. At what point in the kept at pur, to promote a Stock Ex- journey of Efe does old age set change boom exclusively on credit, in t

and to inveigle the impecunious public into indebtedness through the purchase of shares at prices promis ing not even a 3 per cent. return.. It was no responsible financial a town spent millions on erecting policy when the administration of

palaces and bought manorial estates, declaring in the same breath that dwellings could not be bailt he necessary loan. It was no respon- 'cause the Reichsbank opposed the

ible financial policy to acimulate large funds in the hands of public bodies through excessive taxation, and then to employ them in credit transactions or use them for the purchase of private businesses. It was no responsible financial policy when a State Bank claimed its share of public funds on the pretext that it was necessary to utilise this reality for months put it at the dis money in local industry, but in

posal of the Berlin Bourse.".

Indeed that problem has already Arisen. Ever since. Dr. Dubois discovered the fossil remains of Pithecanthropus in Java experts have debuted, often with heat, whe ther that being should be regard ed as an apelike 'man or a man like ape. The best opinion to-day places him on the very lowest rung of the human ladder.

Let me cite a recent incidens to illustrate the manner in which the truth of man's evolution comes to

Twigs From the Tree: light My friend. Dr. Adolphi Schultz, of Johns Hopkins Medi Even that big-brained inhabitant cal College, "Baltimore, has die of ancient Europe, Neanderthal Covered a new and peculiar struc-Man, has been excluded from the ture in man's body, to which he human family by some anatomiats was guided in this way. Lemurs, Sir Arthur Smith Woodward "has which are the lowest of primates, emphasised the strange attributes have a lttle brush of bristles of Piltdown Man by giving him a planted amongst the hair of the distinctive pame-Enanthropue

These wrist, just above the palm; these little wrist-brushes are richly sup- plied by nerves and are sensitive to the lightest contact with leaf or twig. Monkeys and higher pri- mates were supposed to be devoid of them-a fact which puzzled Dr. Schultz.

mors

munal politicians it is emphasised. that the Communes taks up foreign economic, the so-called productive, loans only for really necessary purposes, and that the expenditure

character, including that on motor- which seems fous stadions, constitutes only an insignificant fraction of the total. But I here afirm that if the towns had refrained from that luxury ex-

to have a luxury

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ZIMBABWE RUINS

ANOTHER DISCOVERY.

BRITAIN'S WAR DEBTS

AND DEBTORS.

"Luxury " Expenditure. It is hardly necessary to say that identified by all Germans who take the cases indicated here will be the slightest interest in public affairs. Nor will the man in the street have much difficulty in And- ing concrete illustrations for the general charges with which Dr. three widely differing Schacht overwhelms the municipal- forms of early humanity representities. After submitting an estimate twiga broken from the branching that Communal bodies are respon. fossil tree of man's ascent. What sible for 650,000,000 marks out of of the mighty ramifications of this fossil tree which still lie buried the total of 5,500,000,000 marks of Germany's present long-term in- in the recent geological debtedness abroad, he continues:- strata of the earth Y They may

Especially from the side of Com In looking into the matter heeing many surprises, but so far as our search Ess, proceeded, and found that the lowest of monkeys it has gone but a little way as yet, have still a vestige of the wrist we have every reason to expect brush, that it is present up almost that the Garden of Eden in which to the time of birth in higher mon the tree of humanity grew was keys, and that a clear rudiment world wide; when the branches in of it can be seen on the wrist of one region were sending up, new the human embryo a rudiment and changing shoots, the branches which has but a brief and passing in another region were withering existence.

and passing into decay. Every

medical student is In the quotation reproduced at penditure we probably should not familiar with dozens of instances the beginning of this article the have had to contract a single Com- of a like kind, such as the tera-suggestion is thrown out that, even munal loun abroad. Of course, the

LONDON, Nov. 16th. porary presence of a true tail, the under an evolutionary dispensa Reichsbank has at its disposal only

Information as to our National unmistakable appearance of gill tion, mati may have made his first an incomplete section of the Com formations in the neck, and a rep appearance on earth quite sudden-munal Bnancial figures, but this THEIR ORIGIN

A MYSTERY. Debt, the amount paid to the-

United States, and the amount to tilian stage in the evolution of the ly and dramatically. My own in- section suffices to prove that the

be paid to us by our foreign roof of the mouth. These may be vestigations lend no support to

sums spent by German Communes

BULAWAYO, Nov. 12th." said to be points of mere theoreti- this suggestion. It is quite true,

debtors, was given in the House on the construction of stadiums, Twenty-five miles from the famous of Commons by the Chancellor of eal or historical interest regarding na all medical mon know, that sud- swimming baths, public gardens, ruins of Zimbabwe further ruins the Exchequer. man's body, but when we find the den sports do occur in human fami- and ornamental squares, on the have been discovered, these being

France OX'CS this country same student studying the struc lies. Seeing that sich sports occur purchase of lands and estates, on known to the natives as Chisengo £600,000,000, and has paid ture and action of the anthropoid in all domesticated breeds, this fair buildings, festival halls, hotels (Little Walls). The masonry work £7,000,000 since the funding agree brain, investigating the reactions need occasion us no surprise, for and office blocks, planetariums, is said to be equal to that at Zim- ment of July, 1926 Italy owes of the anthropoid body to disease man has been long domesticated. aerodromes, theatres, and museums, batre and to have an average | £500,000,000, and bao paid and then applying the results of These stringe hupan apparitions and on the financing of and par height of 3ft. to 8ft., to be slit 28,000,000 since the agreement of his enquiries to the successful re are of many and well-defined ticipation in private industry, con- lief of human sufferings, we must kinda; some of them we can ex- stitute an aggregate figure not far wide at the base and 4ft. at the top. January, 1928. In the year 1926-27 The area covered by the ruins it we received: £8,200,000 ip repay recognise that the doctrine of plain from what we know of the behind the total of the foreign loans 935 yards by 90 yards. The in- ment of war debts from other evolution, from being a matter of factors which regulate the develop taken up by the towns.

terior is divided into inter-con- countries, and paid the United theory, has become an essential ment and growth of the human Even with regard to the "produce-necting small enclosures differing States £33,100,000. guide to pretise.

body. Others we cannot yet ex- tita purposes for which the Ger-

The maximum due to us from

which led medical men to

It was ao idle whimsical moodplain, but all of them are certain-ian public bodies so lightheartedly from those at Zimbabwe in being

foreign countries on debt repay- angular instead of circular. turnly due to a breakdown in the nor borrow money, the Reichsbank pre- away from the biblical account of mal coures of growth. They represident seems to have considerable have been found in Rhodesia, the and the maximum due to the A large number of stone ruins ment in any one year is £30,000,000, man's origin and to accept that of sent Nature's mistakes or failures, miegivings, for he says Darwin; real progress was impos- not her successes. Those who have

I leave absolutely open the ques-largest, which is in the Victoria United States by us in any one sible until the change was made. studied the evolutionary history, tion whether industrial undertakings district of Southern Rhodesia, be year is £38,000,000

In computing the balance of ex- The biblical account of man's as revealed by fossil remains, find owned by public bodies operate ing known as Zimbabwe, though brigin has the brevity, simplicity no evidence of sudden jumps or more economically and more socially the name is not properly confined ternal debt receipts and payments, and force of dramatic narrative. mutations.

than private undertakings, though to any one ruin. The site to which, however, the amount of reparation On a given, day and at a certain Nay, the more we get to know it is exceedingly desirable to test however, popular usage has almost Payments must be brought into ac count Last year these totalled place Man made His First Ap-of the very elaborate and precise both the profitableness of the confined the name Zimbabwe was prarance; he rose from the dust, organisation of the human brain, economic competition of public discovered in 1888, and the ruins 3500,000 this year they will be erect and perfect in all his facul- the loss do we conceive it posible bodies, with their own citizens and ware made generally known by the £14,500,000; and with the Dawes ties. What have we Darwinists to that full-blown humanity appear the tarif policy of public monopolies account of them given in Bent's plan in operation should amount offer in exchange for this picture1ed suddenly. After all, it is his which often amounts to nothing" Ruined Cities of Mashonaland," more than £20,000,000 a year. The evolutionary narrative, even brain which gives man the title to more than a disguised tax. when it is complete which it is humanity. No doubt there have For the rest, Dr. Schacht's speech ruina is a matter of dispute, some far from being as yet-promises to been progressive periods in the is an able and exemplarily straight-authorities giving them a great an- be a story of the most humdrum, evolution of man's brain as well forward and perspicacious expesi- tiquity, others dating them from the THERAPION No. 1 matter-of-fact kind.

as others which may be regarded tion of the reasons why the presi 14th or 15th century. There is also THEBAPION No. 3 Our difficulty is going to son as stationary or even as re- dent of the Reichsbank must join in a difference of opinion as to their cern the point at which the anth- trograde. We cannot conceive the the protest of the Reparations use, whether for religious obser- THERAPION No. 3 ropoid story ends and that of man elaborate organisation of man's Agent against the recently pre-vances or for purposes of protoc. o. 2 for Blood à meis bagins. This difficulty ever beste brain and its delicately adjusted valent extravagance of German tion. There is a tendency to conscience, Phim a mlades in De La Tra the path of the students of evolu- machinery ae having leapt into Governmental and administrative nect them with the gold diggings TS PRO DO, BESAR DA, KER MORE CONST

existence by any form of mutation. institutions.

of the natives.

tion.

published in 1892. The ago, of the

TERƐNEW FENNGE REMEDI,

Ho, for Chrondo Winkammes, MOGH PE

WHEN BROWN, BAN FILICHOK