1927-04-06 — Page 7

THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 6th, 1927.

THE HANKOW CASUALTIES.

THE HANKOW AGREEMENT SHARPLY CRITICISED IN LONDON.

KILLED AND WOUNDED IN HANKOW'S LATEST

OUTRAGE.

"LOOTING AND KILLING BY THE CHINESE ·

"DESTRUCTION SOCIETY.").

NATIONALIST ARMY RECEIVE` SET-BACK 'NEAR

THE YELLOW RIVER.

'ANTI-FOREIGN FEELING STILL MANIFESTED

IN NANKING..

NATIONALIST SOLDIERS SEEN REMOVING

-FOREIGN PROPERTY.

Mr. E. M. Gull, joint secretary of the China Association in London and until recently a well-known official in Shanghai, has been criticising the Hankow Agreement, which be dedares dogs not enfeguard British capital invested there. The effect of the Agree- ment in China had been "extraordinarily bad," and British business. #houses there, be declared, would rather have been faced with a

possible boycott than with such an Agreement.

The latest casualty list in connection with the attack on the Japanese at Hankow is published and reference is made to further Jooting and burning of Japanese property. So far, British property in the former British Concession remains untouched and quietaesa is reported there.

The Southern warriors have received a set-back near the Yellow River, and the Northe troops, after heavy fighting, captured a city named Ewantion. The Nationalist Army have found it necessary to "rush up" reinforcements. Two hundred of their wounded have arrived at Nanking."

A villainous body, evidently appropriately named the "Destrac- tion Society has been diabolieply active of late, looting, and killing their way through the Salt Area of Shantung and along the cpast to the south of Taington. The redoubtable General Pi bas sent troops against them. -

Reports continue to indicate considerable diversity of viewa between the so-called "Moderates 22 and the "Red" element of the Kuomintang. It will be interesting to observe the effect of the return to the Kuomintang fold of Mr. Wang Ching Wei, upor whom. General Chiang is evidently placing much teliance.

HANKOW'S CASUALTY NEW BRITISH RIVER

BOATS FOR CHINA.

LIST.

MORE JAPANESE PROPERTY LOOTED AND BURNED.

EX-BRITISH CONCESSION 'SO

· FAR UNTOUCHED “AND QUIET,

[THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

SHANGHAI, April 5th.

A wireless message from Hankow, dated 4th instant, states that the latest estimate of the casualties as

result of the recent the

Sino- Japanese clash is:-Chineso. 10 kill ed and many wounded. Japanera 2 killed and 2 wounded, while 7 are held as hostages.

The Japanese Country Club, hos- pital, and wood cil godowns have been looted and burned.

British property, so far, is do- touched, and the ex-British Conces sion remains quiet.

ANTI-FOREIGN FEELING

EVIDENT IN NANKING.

NATIONALIST SOLDIERS. REMOVE FOREIGN

PROPERTY.

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

SHANGHAI, April 8th.. Wireless messages from Nanking report that strong anti-foreign feel ing is evident in the city, where clashes between the rival factions of the Kuomintang are expected. Uniformed Nationalist soldiers were Been removing property from ex- foreign residences yesterday.

A wireless message from Amoy, dated the 4th instant, states that the Seamen's Union are picketing. at the Customs and have practically closed the port. So far, there is no sign of anti-foreign feeling.

THE HANKOW AGREEMENT.

CRITICISED BY MR. E. M. GULL

14

ITS EFFECT EXTRAORDI NARILY BAD IN CHINA."

[TRXOUGH RIUTER'S AGENCY.]

LONDON, April 5th. Speaking at a dinner at the Im- perial Industries Club in London,

THE OUTBREAK AT HANKOW.

JAPANESE CONCESSION SURROUNDED BY

A-MOBS,

JAPANESE HASTILY. EVACUATING.

[THROUGH AIUTER'S AGENCY.]

SHANGHAI, April 4th.

A Japanese naval wireless message from: Hankow states that since this uwrning the Japanese Concession has been surrounded by Chinese mobs, which Chinese troops are endeavouring to keep in check.

It is expected that the evacuation of all Japanese, except the staffs of

pickets, will be completed during the day.

NANKING AND HANKOW.

MORE QUESTIONS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

LONDON, April 4th-

In the House of Commons, reply. ing to a number of questions by Labour Members, Sir Austen Cham- berlain anid that"no negotiations were proceeding concerning the future position of Britishere in Nanking, from which place all for aigners had been brought out and where the attitude of the Nation alists towards foraigners was be coming increasingly truculent.

According to the Consul General's Chinese belief

was that only

killed by the bombardment and the damage to Chinese property was inanitesimal. An intermittent bou bardment lasted for 10 minutes, and 78 shells were fired by EMS. Emerald and about the same by the

two American destroyers According to the latest information;

| Mr. E. M. Gull, Joint Secretary of two firms which are surrounded by report, the genera aivilians were.

the China Association, criticised the Hankow Agreement and aid that Twenty-five Japanese took refuge it did not provide any safeguard on H.M.S. Bee yesterday, remain for British capital invested here, ing on board overnight, There are five Japanese warships at Hankow and the arrangements whereby the and three more are hastening there. regulations under which the new Three will lease here to-morrow Bureau would take over the obliga. morning, escorting three Japanese tions of the former British Muni-stomers which are taking up food three British, one American, one

supplies. cipality, could be changed by a twp- thirds majority was very weak. Furthermore, the whole control rest ed entirely with the Chinese and even the decision of the ratepayers could be disallowed if the Chinese Foreign Minister thought that it infringed the sovereign rights or dignity of China.

Mr. Gull emphasised that the effect of the Agreemer' had been extraordinarily bad in China, and |that debenture capital was now felt to be very unsafe. He had recently heard that business houses in China would rather have been faced with a possible boycott rather than with this Agreement.

KIANGSI KUOMINTANG DENOUNCE “REDS.”

(CHINESE PRESS SERVICE]

SHANGHAI, April 5th.. The Kuomintang of Klangsi (at Nanchang) has issued a circufar telegram in support of General Chiang Kai Shek and denouncing "Red" faction led by Mr. George Hsu Chien

GUN-the

REPLACING WELL-KNOWN LOCAL WARSHIPS.

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

WHAMPOA CADETS

DECLARATION.

(CHINESE PRESF SERVICE.]

. SHANGHAI, April 5th Coincident with the above tele- LONDON, April 5th.

gram, some Whampoa cadete at Shanghai-jointly issued a declara Four new river gunboats are tion to support the Central Execu going to China--H.M.B.S. Tern, tive Committee at Hankow. They Gannet and Seamer will relieve request Chiang Kai Shek to obey

the Kuomintang rules." H.M.S.S. Woodcock, Woodlark and Robin, respectively. H.M.S. Petrel will be additional. The Tern and Petrel will sail from London about May 21st.

MR. GEORGE LANSBURY, M.P., COMING TO CHINA.

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

"RED". INFLUENCE AT

KIUKIANG.

CHINBAR PRESS SERVICE]

SHANGHAI, April 6th. The "Red" influence is inspiring the Labour Unions at Kiukiang and labour leaders are busy agitating against Chiang Kai Shek

SAFEGUARDING TIENTSIN

CONCESSIONS.

{CHINESE FREAK BERVICE]

SHANGHAI, April 5th

LONDON, April 6th. Mr. George Lansbury, M.P., is going to China in June, according to the Morning Post, as Labour. correspondent and as a member of

At an important meeting of the the Internaticaal Commission to the Diplomatic Corps at Peking held Pan-Asiatic Congress at Canton

to discuss the safeguarding of Tien- tsin from civil commotion, it was decided to co-operate with the Chinese police in keeping order

What Mr. Lansbury Would Prefer.

BANK AND A CHINESE LOAN.

LATER Mr. Lansbury, interviewed by locally. Router, said he had been asked to accompany a commission to be seat HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI to tho Pan-Asiatic Congress at Canton in June, but he had not said that he would go. Rather than an unofficial body going, he would pre- fer that the Governments concerned with the trouble in China should ask the neutral Powers to appoint a Commission to investigate the whole situation.

The above probably refers to the "Labour Congress" to be held in Canton next Fume.]

GENERAL CHIANG AND MR.

WANG CHING WEL

WHAT THE FORMER HOPES.

[CHINESE PRESS SERVICE.]

SHANGHAI, April 5th.

A COMPLICATED ·STATE OF AFFAIRS.

(THROUGH NEUTAR'S "AGENCY;]

w

LONDON, April äth. In connection with the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corpora tion's announcement that payment a coupons drawn on bonds on the German issue of the Five Per Cent.

Intanse Excitament.

T

7

LATER According to message from Peking there is intense excitement all over Hankow. The, Japanese residents, who number more than 2,000, are hastily evacuating aboard any vessel available, and mobs are setting fire to Japanese godowns.

All Americans are also evacuat- ing aboard vessels in the river.

CHINESE "DESTRUC-

✅TION SOCIETY.”

LOOTING AND KILLING IN SHANTUNG'S SALT AREA.

TROOPS SENT AGAINST. THEM.

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

PEXING, April 5th.

Tha Tataohui or Destruction Society has been looting and killing throughout the Salt Area of Shau tung and along the coast to the south of Tsingtao. They have burat down the magistrates yamens, sait offices and other buildings and killed a number of the ank police, salt collectors and many other in- babitants.

General Pi Shou Chen, the Shan-

went tung commander who

to Tsingtao when the Nationalists occupied Shanghai, has sent troops against them.

IMPORTANT BILL.

TRADE DISPUTES AND TRADE

UNIONS' BILL

ITS CHIEF OBJECTS.

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.),

LONDON, April 5th. In the House of Commons the Hogg) introduced the Trade Dis Attorney General (Sir Douglas putes'

French and one Italian were killed. one American was wounded, two Japanese were killed and three wounded. Nothing could be fur- ther from the truth than Mr. Eugene. Chen's assertion that one hundred Chinese were killed for every foreigner killed.

Britain was consulting with the United States, Japan, France and

and Trade Unions' Bill, Italy as regards Nanking."

which was read for a first time. Replying to Conservative, Sir Its object is to amend the law Austen Chi erlain said that he [NAVAL WIRELESS.]

relating to trade disputes with had no evidence to fix the respon-Trade Unions, and regulate the British Karl Help. sibility of the recent events at Nan SHANGHAI, April 4th. king and elsewhere on particular It appears that British maval Soviet agents, but the anti-foreign forces, rendered assistance to the and particularly anti-British focl Japanese in the course of the fracasing was undoubtedly encouraged and riots at the Japanese Conces and stimulated from Moscow. sion at Hankow, yesterday, and the Japanese Admiral this morning conveyed his thanks to the British naval authorities.

General Tang With The Communists,

Hankow Crisis Expected..

Sir Austen said that the situation at Hankow was easier, but a fur. ther crisis was approaching. Steps were being taken to reduce "the British to a minimum, and the United States was evacuating its SHANGHAI, April, 4th.

nationals as soon as possible. As General Tang Seng Chi has now definitely taken the side of the garda Shanghai, it was under- Communist Party, according to festced that a Communist Govern- ntent had been provisionally estab deed, there was reason to believe lished outside the Settlement. In- that there are two Chinese Govern- ments more or less established.

liable advices. received here,

The local situation is unchanged. Amoy Port Practically Closed.

AMOY, April 4th.

The port was practically closed to-day by the action of pickets post- ed by the Seamen's Union at the

Customs House.

British Subjects Warned. interior of China, Sir Austen Cham

As regards British subjects in the berlain pointed out that they had

position of civil servants and en- ployees of public authorities in respect to membership of Trade Unions and similar organisations

so to extend Section Five of the Conspiracy and Protection of Pro- perty Act, 1875."

MEXICAN AFFAIRS.

SEVEN MURDERERS EXECUTED.

(REUTER'S AMERICAN SERVICE]

MEXICO CITY, April 4th According to advices received seven members of the band which from the Mexican War Department,

murdered the American, Mr. Wil- kins, were executed at Guadalajara after court martial. The Foreign Office has announced that the old with Britain, Belgium, Holland, treaties of emity and commerce Germany and France, which have December 31st, in order to afford time for negotiation of new agree-

THE NATIONALIST- ARMY RESISTED.

A SET-BACK NEAR THE YELLOW RIVER.

NORTHERN ERS CAPTURE A CITY AFTER HEAVY FIGHTING.

(THROUGE REUTER'S AGENCY.]

SHANGHAI, April' sih. The Nationalist thrust towards the Yellow River is now meeting with resistance from the Northern era, who counter-attacked on the 3rd instant and captured Kwantion after heavy fighting.

The Nationalists are rushing up reinforcementa

Two hundred wounded have, ar- rived at Nanking.

LONDON-MELBOURNE WIRE- LESS SERVICE.

{THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]"

LONDON, April 4th. Direct and continuous wireless

communication between London and

Melbourne will be established on April 8th, when the Anglo-Austra-- lian beam service will be opened to the public

LIMITATION OF NAVAL ARMAMENT.

JAPAN'S CHIEF REPRE- SENTATIVE..

(THROUGH REUTER'8 AGENCY.)

TOKYO, April 4th. Subject to the Emperor's ap- proval, it has been decided that Baron Ishii, Japanese Ambassador at Paris, will represent the Foreign Office, with Mr. Saluri, the Chief of the Treaty Bureau, as Chief Secretary, at the coming Three- Power Disarmament Conference.

Why France Has Definitely Refused.

PARIS, April 4th.' France has sent to the State Departinent at Washington à Noto reiterating France's refusal to participate in the Naval Disarms- ment Conference on the ground that the League might thereby be weak-

ered.

*

(THROUGH HAVAS AGENCY.}

PARIB, April 5th Replying to President Coolidge's invitation to the Conference on Naval. Disarmament, the French participation, even by an observer, Government reiterates that French

. Fortunately, signs of anti-foreign been warned to withdraw time and expired, will be continued, until is impossible.

violence have not been exhibited.

time again since November, and all Normal.

who disregarded that advice had Foochow, Ningpo and, Weichow been warned to do so at their own are all normal.

risk and responsibility. It wES thought that there were not more SCENE IN THE HOUSE OF than 900 British still in the interior.

Latest News From Manking. The latest reports from Nanking showed that conditions were becom- ing more normal in regard to the Chinese population, but the at titude of the Nationalists towards foreigners and foreign property was every day becoming increasing ly truculent. British steamers leav- ing the port had been heavily fired on from the waterfront and the looting of foreign houses still con- tinued All foreigners had been "brought out of the city.

In the Interior.

Sir Austen asked for natice of a question whether that warning was extended to British subjects at Nanking, and he replied in the negative to

question by Col. Wedgwood as to whether British subjects had been warned to leave Tientsin.

The British and the French Concession.

inents.

COMMONS.

MR. LANSBURY'S LATEST.

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.].

OBITUARY.

MR. BYRON BRENAN, O.M.G. FORMER BRITISH CONSUL. GENERAL AT SHANGHAL

The death occurred in London on February 28th of Mr. Byron Brenan, C.M.G., a former British Consul General at Shanghai, in his) eightieth year.

LONDON, April 4th. "I do not feel it to be my duty,

The late Mr. Brenan, who retired as docs apparently the Honourable Member, to disbelieve every British on pension in 1901, will be remem representative" retorted Sir Ausbered specially for work he did As regarda General Chiang Kai ten Chamberlain in the House of outside his regular Consular duties Shek's offer to assume responsibility Commons to-day, smid loud Minis, on the Opium Commission in Hong for the Nanking outrages and to terial cheers, to Mr. George Lans Kong, which caused the removal of the Customs blockade, and was compensate, Sir Ansten Chamber-burg (Labourite), who urged the All British subjects in the in-lain said he was not prepared to creation of an independen: Com-criticised at the time as a surender to the Chines; says The China terior had been advised since last make a statement regarding the mission in view of the discrepancy Express & Telegraph. The appre November to withdraw to places of steps Britain might have to take between Sir Austen Chamberlain's safety. In a continuous process of after consultation with other ou that nature it was impossible to thorities. have a series of exact dates, but on March 26th the British Consular Officers at Ningpo, Swatow, Foo thow, Chinkiang, Wahu, Kiukiang, Hankew, Yunnanfu and Kiung: chow were warned to be prepared to evacuate the treaty ports if neces-

say. On March 28th that advice was extended to British subjects in the interior of the Choofoo, Taing tao and Taifan consular districts, March 30th to every part and Ch of the interior of China, Chung. king had been completely evacuat

"..

The Military Casualties.

· LONDON, April 4th.

berlain termed the "libellous state ments being circulated in Britain that incendiary shells had destroyed half Nanking and killed over 2,000 Chinese.'

Other Brigands. Some merriment was

and Mr. Eugene Chen's statements pensions of those who opposed the regarding Nanking.

convention "made were not ch Sir Austen also said that the Mr. Lansbury then rose to a point and the establishment of n British had not undertaken to de of order, maid Ministerial protests of the Imperial Maritime Customs fend the French Concession" at

This scene occurred on the discus at Hong Kong has not at any time,

interfered, as it was predicted it Shanghai, but, replying to en- sion of a private notice of question would, with the prosperity of the quiries by the French Commander regarding what Sir Austen Cham- whether, if pressed, he could call

Canton he did his best to enforce "Colony. On his appointment to on British assistance, Major

from the Viceroy respect for transit General John Duncan aid he

pass certificates; and we must not would co-operate if the French line

forget his appointment to report on were endangered.

British trade in China, Japan and Kores, for which purpose he per- caused soually visited all the ports in the In the course of his replies to earlier by Mr. E. Thurtle (Labour) three countries, compiling as a ed as bad also Changsha, except for questions in the House of Commons stressing Mr. Eugene Chen's de result an eminently practical and His moral the British Consul and the Mother Bir Austen Chamberlain also said claration, dealing with the attack clear-headed report. Superior of the Franciscan Mission that it was not possible to ascertain

exhibited in on foreigners and looting at Nan courage was brilliantly and the British warships stationed the number of military casualties king, that it was not Cantonese his protection of Kang Yu Wei, the whole responsibility for which he there. Ichang was to be milarly at Naoking daring the bombard soldiers but other brigands and

cuated at the earliest possible among the troops engaged in at uniforms. It was the

mant, but these took place solely troops who borrowed Cantonese took upon himself, Sir Claude

word Macdonald knowing nothing of it.... date.

Responsibility. Fized. tacking the foreigners on the Stanother" that raised the storm of until it was done. For his valu

dard Oil Hill.

ablo services in connection with the General Chiang laughter. In regard to the responsibility Kai Shek had, however, told a

Sir Austen Chamberlain, answer-

Opium Commission, Mr. Brenan pending the receipt of authority British Consul-General there had

of press correspondents at ing, said that if Mr. Eugene Chen was created a C.M.G... from the Chinese Government to use stated that the outstanding fact ties suffered by the Chinese were six trary to the facts. the funds provided for the purpoon which could be proved beyond gues killed and 15 wounded. #

by the officiating Inspector General tien was that the looting and the of Customs, the Chinese Legation killing were the work of Hunnanese killed, these being Dr. Smith, Mr. The British casualties were three in London; in a statement, says that Nationalist soldiers in uniform. Huber and naval Seaman Knox. On the arrival of Mr. Wang Ching the Chinese Government has faily It was an established fact that for Wei at Shanghai, General Chiang provided funds for such payments, cigners were shot down in cold Kai Shek issued a circular telegram and that the Hong Kong and Shang blood by Nationalist soldiers and it declaring that during the present hai Banking Corporation have made was equally established that practi- it may be necessary for "them to A strong plex for a complete and critical condition in which the certain advances on account of the cally every foreign house, including evacuate in the near future. cordial Anglo-Americo-Japanese Nationalist Government has been coupons and drawn bonds of the three Consulates, was gutted and Probably the Standard Oil Com- understanding on China is advanced placed, they were much relieved German issae, due up to and in that at least eight foreign houses pany will follow suit, but instruc by Sir Arthur Yapp, General Secre that Mr. Wang Ching Wei had de duding April

Iet, 1918

Cor- 1918. The

aoldiers.

received. the Morning Post, in which he fold. In order to concentrate the funds specially earmarked for the

The Position 'at Wuchow, expresses the opinion that by work; central political power, Chiang

current due date in order to reim- ing together for China's good and hopes that the financial, civil, diplo burse itself for the said advances

WOCHOW, April 4th in aot trying to steal a march on mate and military departments to the Chinese Government. The

Preparations are being made for each other they can best help China within the Kuomintang Government statement points out that by agree the evacuation of all foreignars and, incidery considers the tion of the Central Executive Com treated as a separate account

benefit their own will be directly subject to the direcment the said advances were to be from Wuchow, though the city ro people.

mains quiet up to the present, and outlook in China is at present dark, mittee headed by Mr. Wang, while The Times remarks that it is a demonstration which was held but in nowise hopeless; the mass he himself will direct all Kuom'n dificult to reconcile the two state- yesterday passed off without unto- of the people being unrevolutionary tang forces to complete the North- mente. It understands that the ward incident. but, unfortunately, illiterate, andern Expedition. He also hopes that Chinese Government has laid an

The employees of the British therefore they fall an easy prey to all military ranks within the Kug embargo in the use of funds re- American Tobacco Company have the agitator. I have great faith mintong shall pay allegidge to ceived by the Bank from the officiat already left, and it is thought that in the Japanese and am anxious to Mr. Wang and, at the same time, ing Inspector-General of Customs the evacuation of the Alliance see our two nations and the United that during the Expedition, the for the purpose of making payment Missions will be completed on Fri- States and ultimately China herself, headquarters of the Commander-in on the German isene. The action day. working together even more closely, Chief will be duly recorded the of the Government creates a new The Europeans at the A.P.C. in hand in hand for the common supreme power to dictate to the situation, for which the Bank is stallation have been advised that good."

clearly not responsible.

(Continued on next Column).

Chinese Losa, 1806, will be deferred for the sutrages at Nanking, the ghai that the estimated casual- | said that, he said what was con-

SIR ARTHUR YAPP ON UNITY OF ACTION.

THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.)

LONDON, April 5th.

Of a vigorous build and constitui- tion, Mr. Brenan, in his younger Sir A. H. Sinclair (Caithness) days, was a frequent competitor Kai Shek corroborated the foreign Athletic Sports, or at any port. emphasised that Merahal Chiang and winner at the Shangha Consula' report which was only dis where sports were held. He was a puted by Mr. Eugene Chen who had good quarter and half-miler and not been within hundreds of miles urdier. of Nanking.

LATER

Mr Brenta was born in France on December 27th, 1847, the son of Colonel E. F. Brenan.

He was twice married, first to d daughter of General T. C. Kelly, and, secondly, to Emily, daughter. Tyrone. The funeral took place at Golders Green Crematorium March 3rd.

tary of the Y.M.C.A., in a letter to cided to return to the Kuomintang poration now claims to appropriats were burnt down by Nationalist tions to that effect have not been objection to the presentation of of Mr. Robert Gore of Raveagh, Co. :

ranks.

27

2

The Question of Notes.

It is learned that Britain has no separate Notes as all three would The Powers and Hanking." be in identical terms. The Noto or

, LONDON, April 4th.

Notes will probably be presented to Apparently, the Powers concern- Mr. Eugene Chen, but it is not de- ed have not yet been able to reach acided to whom the demands shall decision with regard to the action"] be addressed. to be taken as the result of the The draft Note, which is the sub- Nanking outrages, and it is still ject of "discussions, was prepared uncertain whether a joint Note or by the diplomats in Peking and its separates Notes will be presented. terms are not likely to be seriously Although there is full agreement altered. with regard to the exaction of re- parstiana and apology from the Cantonese authorities, discussions are still progressing on whether period of compliance should be at and what action should be taken in the event of non-compliance.

(Vontinued on next column).

New British Brigade."

..

от

SIR FREDERICK CLARKE.

Bir Frederick William Alfred Clarke, C.B.; late Accountant and Comptroller-General, H.M. Customs and Excise, died at Acqui, in Italy, on Feb. 18th, at the age of 69. Ho entered the Civil Bervice in 1874 in LONDON, April 4th. the Exchequer and Audit Depart leave England on April 11th. No when he was transferred to the The new British Brigade will ment, where he remained till 1009, specific destination has been, als Customs as Accountant and Comp- lotted, but it is possible that they troiler-General He was seat on an will be employed to defend Peking official tour of inspection to Hong and Tientsin, •·

Kong, Bermuda, etc., in 1908,"*