1927-02-23 — Page 7

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SHANGHAI'S STRIKE SITUATION

"A LITTLE BRIGHTER."

THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23rd, 1927.

· HANKOW · AGREE- MENT.

(THROUGH MESTRE'S AGENCY.] The Hankow Concession. Replying to Sir C. Kinloch. Cooke, Sir Austen Chamberlain said that the gestion as to when

PARTIAL RESUMPTION OF POSTAL SERVICE: 'BUSES STATEMENT IN HOUSE OF was safe for British nationals,

AND TRAMS NEARLY ALL RUNNING.

CHINESE DEFENCE" COMMISSIONER'S EFFECTIVE PROCLAMATION.

AGITATORS INCREASING THEIR ACTIVITIES: 100,000 PERSONS STILL ON STRIKE.

The latest news from Shanghai points to the general strike there "being a "little brighter," even though there are still some 100,000 persons on strike.

'Buses and trams are once again in operation, and, thanks to a very effective proclamation by the Chinese Defence Commis sioner, work at the Post Office is gradually being resumed, The The Commisioner threatened to execute any employee failing to return to work. This action put a stop to picketing and led to many strikers resuming work.

Executions are still continuing in the Native City, and are having a salutary effect upon the strikers' attitude. The agitators, however, are still busy.

SHANGHAI SITUATION

LITTLE BRIGHTER."

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.].

SHANGHAI,, Feb. 2nd.

A BRITISH TROOPSHIPS" AT

It is estimated that there are still. 100,000 strikers, but with the partial resumption of the Postal Service, all the International Settlement buses and nearly all the trams running, the situation is a little brighter, despite the fact that local shipping is virtually tied up...

COLOMBO.

THE "KARMALA," "ASSAYE" AND. THE KINFANUS CASTLE."

(THROUGH RECTER'S AGENCY.).

Cotound, Eet. 2nd." The troopship Kurmala arrived with the First Middlesex and the Second South Wales' Borderers, A proclamation by the Chinese also volunteer details of 16 regi Defence Commissioner, posted oa ments. The First Green Howarda the main Post Office to the effect also arrived during the week-end that any employees not returning on the Assaye. The Kinfauns to work will be executed, has ended Castle sailed on the 20th instant all picketing, and has also brought with the Second Coldstream Guards back many strikera.

Executions. which are continuing | although on a smaller scale, bave been effective in bringing back the rank and file to work, but has greatly increased the activities of the ngitators, who are directing affairs in the Settlement,

-"'SOMEWHAT EASIER."

"[CHINESE PRESS SERVICE.]

SHANGHAI, Feb end. The strike situation in Shanghai is somewhat easier.. Most of the Chinese shops have re-opened for business, the trazaway in the British Concession is partially resuming its operation; while in territory there has not been any

accident to-day.

aboard..

CHINA'S PRESTIGE ABROAD. THE NATIONALIST GOVERN.

MENT'S OFFER.

[CHINESE PRESS SERVICE.}

SHANGHAI, Feb. 22nd..

The Commissioner of Customs at. Hankow has telegraphically report-

COMMONS.

NEGOTIATIONS WITH PEKING

OVER SHANGHAI.

THANKS SENT TO SIR MILES LAMPSON AND MR. O'MALLEY.

[BRITISH WIRELESS SERVICE}

particularly British women, to re- turn to Hankow must be left to those on the spot, but," frankly, be would deprecato anduo.baste in re turning to conditions which might still be unsettled until time had been given to this arrangement to prove itself, and until accurity was fairly established.

Peking Government and Burtaxes: Replying to Sir Archibald Sin: clair, Sir Austen Chamberlain said he had no definite information yet with regard to what arrangements In the House of Commons on the Peking Government would make Monday afternoon, Sir Aurten for the collection of the surtaxes, Chamberlain announced that the but he understood that the South- Hankow

had Agreement

been

ere Government dispute the right signed and read the text of the of the Peking Government to exer agreement and the letters exchanged rise the authority belonging to a between Mr. O'Malley and Mr. Central Government. He had no Eugene Chen.

kaawledge of any interference with the Customs on the part of the Canton Government

The agreement and these letters were published in the Daily Press on Tuesday.

In the statement of Nationalist

policy circulated by the Hong Kong Authorities the concluding para graph read:

Taxation.

Replying to Mr H. W. Looker, Sir Austen Charoberinfa waid, that under the proposals which His Majesty's

Government recently The Nationalist Government has to lay it down that changes made to the Chinese authorities, in the Status of Concessions and British subjects in China would be International Settlements wher liable to pay such regular legal ever situate in China are of such Chinese taxations not involving dis vital and national importance crimination against British subjects that no local Nationalist Governor British goods as in fact were Chinesa ment can negotiate with the imposed and paid by Foreign Powers concerned in citizens throughout China. It would respect thereof.

obviously be undesirable, in view difficult to understand of the fact that these proposals were local intended to form the subject of meant by A

with the Nationalist Government" and the negotiations

Chinese statement in the House of Commons authorities to discuss the details of shows that an error was made in their eventual application by way the transmission of the message. of question and answer in the

House. The sentence should have read:-

IL what

Wha

wal

The Nationalist Government has to lay it down that changes in the Status of Concessions and

International Settlements wher ever situate in China are of such vital importance that no local or other Chinese authorities save and except the Nationalist Go crnment can negotiate with For eign Powers concerned in respect thereof.

Wide Publicity Wanted.

Replying to a further question,.

Site Chamberlain emphasis ed that Chinese translation of the British Memorandum of December 18th and the Treaty "revision pro- Fosals were distributed in China as iride as possible.

H.M.S. "RENOWN" | TIENTSIN AND BRITISH

REACHES AUCK-

GOVERNMENT'S

LAND.

1.

NEW ZEALANDERS GIVE ROYAL PARTY GREAT RECEPTION.

THROUGH LITTER'S AGENCY.)

AUCKLAND, February 2nd. H.M.S. Renown, with the Duke and Duchess of York aboard, triumphally catered the harbour amid crashes of saluting guns. Hundreds of sailing yachts and motor launches, were filled with cheering human beings, despite a terriño rainstorm.

The enthusiastia crowds broke the police cordon as Their Royal High- nesses drove through the streets, visiting various centres, after an address of welcome had been read by the Prime Minister, Mr. Coates, in the Town Hall.

BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNIST PRO- PAGANDA!

A NOTE OF PROTEST."

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]"

LONDON, February 22nd.

It is learned that Government action regarding Communist pro- paganda will probably take place and in the form of a Note of Pro- test, the terms of which will be dis cussed at the next Cabinet meeting, though the degree of severity will probably be a matter for debate for

some time...

NAVAL LIMITATION. ITALY DECLINES PRESIDENT

CONCESSIONS PROPOSALS.

MUNICIPAL COUNCIL UNPERTURBED.

WHERE CHINESE AND

CO-OPERATING."

BRITISH ARE

CHAIRMAN'S WARNING AGAINST ALARMIST. TALK.

In view of the pronouncements by Sir Auston Chamberlain on the future status of Concessions and of the signing of the Hankow Agreement the following report, in the Peking, and Tientsin Times, of a meeting of the Tientsin ratepayers and the attitude they adopted, towards the proposals is of particular, interest. The Council and the British residents view the future without alarm and are fully prepared to extend their present policy of abandoning auch discriminations na exist between foreign and Chinese residents of the Concession.

As special warning against alarmist talk was uttered by Mr. P. C. Young, Chairman of the Council. The meeting took place on February 11th

An Extraordinary General meet, official channels for that nation- ing was held in the Gordon Hall ality. of the Electors of the British Muni. cipal Area.

#

in

Chinese Co-operation.

You are aware, all of you, tha the British Concession was original

Sir James Jamieson (H.B.M. proportionately British. Consul-General) presided, and with him at the Council table were the Chairman of the Council (Mr. P Young), Messra. E. C. Fetors, Howard Payne, W. J. Warmsley, J. S. Chwang, R. T. MacDonnell, Jas. Turner (members of the Coun cil), J. R. Lyness (Secretary), and A George (H.B.M.'s Vice Consul), who acted as secretary to the meeting.

The CHAIRMAN: 1 was requested call this meeting by the British

"To consider the situation, in allotted, or acquired by the so far as it may affect the future British Government by agreement administration of the British with the Chinese Government as a Municipal Area, in view of the piace particularly set apart for the pronouncement made by H.M. residence of British merchants. It Secretary of State for Foreign was natural that with such a place Affairs in his speech at Birming-the regulations in regard to it ham, as reported Reuter's should show some discrimination telegram under date of January in favour of British subjects and you 20th, 1987."

are aware that the regulations as There was a large attendance of they now stand do discriminate. both ratepayers and the general The Council for example, accord- ing to the regulations must be dia It ins public.

however, been your Council's policy for some time past to remove as far. as it could all disabilities resting against Chinese citizens in this area. During the past year we have find the boneft of the services on the Council of two Chinese rate COOLIDGE'S INVITATION.

payers and their services Eve (THROUGH REVTER'S AGENCY.]

proved of the utmost value to the Council. It has been our hope that in the forthcoming year we might Rome, February 21st.

have a third Chineas councillor. Mr. Looker suggested that the The Italian Note to the United

Again it has been the policy of the Cabinet regulation on policy in States regretfully declines Preat

Council, to throw open all the China recently read by the Pre-dent Coolidge's invitation to dis- Council and I will, therefore, call public parks over which it has con- ed to Mr. Edwardes, the Inspector-

This, of course, makes it plain mier, should also be translated and aimament conference, and empha- upon the Chairman of that Council trol to the Chinese as well to General of Chinese Customs" at that the Nationalists are repudiat published, but Sir Austen Cham- sises that as regards the European to explain to you the reasons why foreign ratepayers In the matter Peking, to the effect that most

of Peking. berlain that it was

of hospitals and schools, the Chi- inter-dependence between Chinese Ministers in foreign coun-ing the authority amberlain stated belas of opinion on these continent there exists an undeniable he asked me to call it,

every

Mr. YOUNG: Mr. Chairman,nese ratepayers have shown them. tries have not been paid by the that Mr. O'Malley took note of Mr. matters to the British authorities kind of armament and every single Ladies, nil Gentlemen,-When I selves interested in this matter and Peking Government for a long time the Chinese and the Nationalist Government is Chen's declaration but at the same on the spot, and added that his Power for which it is impossible to

shortly be satisfactorily. willing to draw an amount to the time declared that His Majesty's answer had shown that, they were adopt measures of a partialnature rend in the newspapers the tele- it is our hope that arrangements

Government would not bind them to the necessity of making the between noly Eve great naval graphic" report of. His Majesty's may receipts within the territories of gives to refuse to enter inte nege policy of His Majesty's Govern-Powers. The Note expresses the Secretary of State for Foreign settled which will place precisely tiations with Chinese officials in ment as widely known as possible, opinion that the limitation of apa Afairs speech at Birmingham I similar facilities at the disposal of Hunch, Fukien and Kwangtung to

Further questions. ments to be effective must be uni. thought it my duty to convene a both Chinese and foreign rate finance them in order to maintain any part of China with regard to matters arising in areas where such China's prestige abroad.

versal, and points out that the ex-mecting of the Council in order payers in the matter of hospitals. officials were actually exercising de ficto. authority.

aple shown at Washington was they might consider what action, and education. We propose to go not followed by the minor naval if any, they were prepared to take on with all these arrangements just as a result of that announcement. as if there had been no announce. INSTRUCTIONS TO MINIS-

Powers: TERS IN PEKING. "

Finally, Italy cannot, without A meeting of the Council was held ment whatever in the newspapers unanimous decision was and we hope at the forthcoming grave risks, expose herself to the and

naval armaments reached. First I propose to remind ratepayers meeting to be able to limitation of (CHINESE PRESS BERVICE.) ..

which are already insufficient for you of the part which is pertinent put definite and concrete proposals-

to our present purpose by reading before you. Clause VI. which is as follows:

Alarmist Talk Very Injurious, (REUTZE'S AMERICAN BERVICE]

His Majesty'e Government are

One other matter I should like her defensive-nerda

The Argentino's "Attitude.

prepared to discuss and enter into

I have heard here and BUENOS AIRES, Feb. 22nd. arrangements, according to, partito say. The "Argentino Government has cular circumstances at each Port there, from foreign and Chinese very great deal of Coolidge's Disarmament Confer- the Municipal Administration of alarmist talk of the possible con- decided not to attend President concerned, for the modification of ratepayers, Replying to Mr. Trevelyan, Sizace, but to await the results of British Concessions, so as to bring sequences which may arise from the Austen Chamberlain said that in the Geneve Disarmament Corfer view of subsequent events and the present aituation, he had come to the conclusion that it was not desir. able to lay down the papers with regard to the Wachsien incident at present-(Conservativo cheers and ironic Labour cheers.)

MORE EXECUTIONS.

[CHINESE PRESS SERVICE.]

SHANOBAL, Feb. 2nd.

To day twelve strikers or agitators are reported to have been de capitated by Marshal Sun Chuan Fang'a subordinates in the Native. City.

A SHANGHAI PROBLEM. PROVISION OF SPACE FOR BRITISH TROOPS. MUNICIPAL COUNCIL EQUAL TO THE OCCASION.

(THROUGH KHUTER'S AGENCY.]

extent of $1,000,000 from Customs

+

SHANGHAI, Feb., send.

In the House of Commons, reply ing to Mr. Herbert Williams, Sir Austen Chainberlain said that the Government's aim was to negotiate trentics with China on a basis which would lead ultimately to complete quality and reciprocity.

Shanghai Defence Force.. Continuing, Sir Austen Chamber lain stated that Mr. Chen had also declared that the Nationalist Gov- ernment took note of the statement

Mr. Replying to

Garro-Jones, made by himself in the House of The Diplomatic Body of Britain, Commons on February 10th, regard Sir Austen Chamberlain stated that America, France, Japan, etc., have ing the modification of the original as far as he knew no countries which received instructions from their nin for the concentration (of were parties to the China Arms home governments, respectively, to troops at Shanghai) which now Agreement of May, 1919, wers aup the effect that all troops, volunteers made it possible to proceed to the plying aircraft to the Cantonese forces. They were supplied by a and marines, now at Shanghai, conclusion and signing of the agree should and at once to maintainment relative to the British Conces Power which had not signed the

sion area at Hankow. The Nation- Convention. alist Government, however, protest- ed against the landing and trespass of any British troops in the Inter- national Settlement at Shanghai. Farther the Nationalist Govern ment stated that the arrangements made respecting the status of the area hitherto known as the British Concession at Hankow were not in tended to be a precedent for the

order in all the Concessions.

PEKING'S DEMANDS OF

THE POWERS.

[CHINESE PEYES SERVICE]

SBASGHAI, Feb. 2nd. The Suffolks have landed and are occupying the quarters of the Pan- jabis at the Race Course. The lat ter left for Hong Kong this after-

SHANGHAI, Feb. 2nd. noon. The problem providing space

The British Foreign Minister in- for British troops here, which, threatened to become acute, has terviewed Dr. Wellington Keo on the 21st inst, on questions concern- been satisfactorily solve. To avert possible, protests from other nationing China's foreign relations Dr. settlement of the future status of als against troops being quartered Koo proposed three demands to the any British or other Concession an international property, so far Powers, namely, (1) Customs Auto-elsewhere in China, only British

property has been used. nomy; (2) the withdrawal of Inland Yesterday the British Consul Navigation Right, and (3) the General applied to the Municipality Abolition of Extraterritoriality. for permission to use Jessfeld Park. The Municipality not only agreed KUOMINTANG TO INVADE but intimated that all Municipal

YUNNAN. property, such schools, etc.. Should be placed at the disposal of the Defence Force il required. U.S.A. AND CHINA. TO ACT INDEPENDENTLY." [REUTER'S AMERICAN SERVICE.]

WASHINGTON, Feb. 22nd

дя

[CHINESE PRESS SERVICE)

CANTON, Feb. 22nd.

28

A Labour Party Suggestion,

LONDON, February 21st. Mr. E. Thurtle (Labour) asked the Government to consider the Sir Austen Chamberlain said he possibility, in view of the critical bad instructed Mr. O'Malley to situation at Shanghai, of suggest- make clear to Mr. Chen in the ing to other foreign Governments course of these negotiations that that they appoint persons with the British Government must replenary powers to consider with the serve their full right to dispose their British representative. there what troops as might be necessary for steps might be taken in the event of protection of British lives in Chios, certain emergencies arising.

Mr. Clynes and Mr. Lloyd George, on behalf of the Labour and Liberal Parties, congratulated the Foreign

Sir Austen Chamberlain replied: "I think the less said about not

General Fan Shek Sang has re-ecretary the signing of the crentualities, which I hope will

ence.

FLYING ACROSS THE SOUTH

ATLANTIC. "

اگر

DE PINEDO'S 2000 MILES' FLIGHT.

HOPS OFF FROM CAPE VERDE.

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

LONDON, Feb. 21st. A message from St. Vincent, Cape Verde, says that the Marquis De Pinedo left Port Praia at eleven o'clock last night for Porto Sao Martinho, Brazil.

H. Larra Bordes,

LONDON, Feb. 21st. A message from Alicante, in the south of Spain, says that the Uruguayan aviator, M. Larra

Borders has arrived there.

The Council's Policy.

tration of Special Chinese Adminis ward by His Majesty's Govern them, into line with the adminis proposals which have been pat for trations set up in former Conces ment. Well, I want to say to you with farmer Concessions now under kind of talk is liable to do the sioas, or for their amalgamation that far from doing any good that Chinese control, or for the transfer very greatest harm. There is no of police control of the Concession way, I think, better calculated to diminish the value of your property areas to the Chinese authorities."

De owners of land in this area, to diminish the credit of yourselves It might only be supposed that and the municipality, and "to it was the duty of the Council you embarass your Council in the con- have elected to represent your in- duct of the municipality's business. terests in regard to all municipal I believe myself there is no ground I know matters to tender some form of whatever for such talk. advice with regard this matter. enough of the ratepayers, if the If advice is to be tendered, it must eventual settlement here is that the be tendered to some authoritative control of our municipal govern person or Government. Now you meat is placed in their hands with are aware of the constitution of out distinction of nationality, to your present Council. It contains feel that there is nothing whatever to British subjects, Chinese citizens fear from the proposals the British and an American citizen. Your Government has put forward. You Council feel it would be quite im- can do yourselves no greater dis possible for the Chinese citizens to service than by making out by put their names to a documtat your expressions and attitude that. which purported to tender advice something dreadful is to be contem ported to the Canton Government Agreement.

on this matter to the British Gov-plated. You are shouting at any to the effect that he is now leading

ernment and equally impossible for rate before you are hurt and in my about 5,000 strong to advance across the Yunnan border and they are

the British members of the Council opinion you never will be hurt. It to put their names to a document is difficult for me to frame from now stationed at Kwang nan, situ negotiations were pending with the of Peking Government, or whatever ate near the extreme east

EXPLAINED.

Chinese authorities.. The British you any very precise resolution. The House of Representatives by Hunan, and some other point near Government was in suthority at

members af the Council and I feel if some elector from the 959 Totes to 44 has passed' à resolution recommending President by. He also reported that Tupan Shanghai, in respect of the Conces. Mr. L. S. Amery said that the

the British community general body of the hall would do us the Tang

Sir A, Chamberlain replied that policy of the Malayan Government,

[THROUGH RECYER'S AGENCY.] in which they were fully supported Coolidge to negotiate with China position, as some of his followers

ly have felt it is perfectly proper honour of moving a vote of con- for them to teader advice to their fidence in the Council it would give. independently of other nations." are expected to rise in rebellion negotiations were pending with the by His Majesty's Government, was

BRUSSELS, Feb. 21st. Sir Miles The resolution WAS seat

Government representative, an opportunity for the discussion to the against him.. Clashes, between Gen- Peking Government

to refuse registration to all foreign

On the occasion of the departure own Sonata

Lampson, the British Minister, had pelitical societies, and the Kuomia-to China of Baron Guillaume, the Consul-General. That is what of the Council's general policy as f made the same declaration to the tang came within that category.

I have explained it to you. If you. MEETING OF FENGTIENESE

a was made to Mr. Chen. At the Replying to Mr. H. W. Looker, Secretary to the Belgian Embassy they propose to do. In the Council's LEADERS IN PEKING:

GENERAL LO SANG TING. Bame time His Majesty's Govern-gir Austen Chamberlain said that in London, who is going to rejoin view it rests with the Chinese rate should see fit to pass such a resolu ment were ready and must reserve the new municipal administration the legation in Peking, the Foreign payers to make their own arrange- tion I can assure you your Council (CHINESZ

ZBZ PRESS SERVICE] their right to negotiate with de [CHINESE PRESS SERVICE.]

facto authorities in any part of of the British Concession at Ki Ministry summoned the representaments together for tendering their will be strengthened in their endes to presentatives and equally with any imposed in them when you did them. China. As regarded Shanghai ther king would be similar in character tives of the principal Belgian views to their own Government res yours to justify the trust you have SHANGHAI, Feb. 22nd."

representations, the honour of electing them as your to the proposed new administration groups interested in China, General. Chang Tsung Chang ar

tions it was proposed to give to the must be made through the proper representativeD," General Lo Sang Ting formerly could not deal wiw that as they of the British Concession at Han whom was explained the instruc- other nationality rived at Peking on the 20th inst. Sun's field-marshal in Chekiang, is could deal with those rights which

Mr. Looker asked if the agree Minister in Peking, which all ap and, on the same night, attended reported to be going to Sangkang belonged to us and us alone, Shang-

at Hankow, fully protected the proved. rights. tlencse leaders, including Marshal the Southerners' advance to Cbe and its future could only be settled

future position of the old staffs of Chang Tao Lin, to discuss military kiang.

the Municipal Concession.

Sir Austen Chamberlain asked for notice of that.

SHANGHAL, Feb. 22nd.

Chi Ya is in a very

critical

eral Fan's forces and Tupan Tang's Yunnanese troops are imminent.

Negotiations With Peking.

Mr. Lloyd George asked whether

sion there.

arise, the better. Cheers.) Kuomintang in Malaya,

LONDON, February 21st. Replying in Lieat Com. Ken- worthy with regard to a declaration that the Kuomintang party in the Malay States was an illegal society, INSTRUCTIONS TO PEKING purporting to tender advice to the thie explanation I have been giving

kow.

an urgent meeting called by Feng-to-day to direct operations to check hai was as International Settlement of private property and thei

matters...

It is reported that a resolution

was adopted, to the effect that in

SPANISH POLITICS.

the direction of Southern Honan, 8R. YANGUAS RESIGNATION.

(THROUGH BEUTER'S AGENCY.]

by agreement with other nations who had equal interests with us,

Questioned by Mr. H. W. Looker regarding the Kiukiany settlement Sir Austen Chamberlain said this followed the line of settlement ar- the Fengtienese be entrusted to

ranged at Hankow. deal with the Southern invaders

In conclusion, Sir Austen Cham from Hupch, while the Shantung

berlain said he had sent a message and Chihli allied forces to be re

It is semi-officially stated that the both to Sir Miles Lampson and Mr sponsible to defend Kiangsu and Anbui

resignation of Senor Yanguar was O'Malley expressing his thanks at After the conference General due to a divergence of views with the ability with which they had con- Chang Tsung Chang left Peking for regard to the methods to be follow ducted negotiations, and had renew. Nanking, to direct military move-ed in the negotiations with regarded bis confidence and thas of the

ments

to Marocco.

MADRID, Feb. 21st.

Government in them.

Shanghai Protection. The Labour metaber, Mr. Ronnie Smith, asked whether the arrange ment proposed at Hankow would be applied in the case of Shanghai, and Sir Austen Chamberlain said that Shanghai was an International Concession and that many other nations were concerned, while the (Continued on, nezt Column),

BELGIUM AND CHINA.

Hankow concession with which we had been dealing was purely British.

WHAT THE MOSCOW

NICARAGUA AND U.S.A.

SOVIET SAYS;

A NEW TREATY ANNOUNCED: (THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

[REUTER'S AMERICAN SERVICE]. Replying to Sir C. Kinloch-Cooke

Moscow, February 22ad. ! as to whether he was satisfied that

WASHINGTON, Feb. 22nd. lives and property of British Addressing the Central Executive

It is reported that President nationals in Shanghai were suf Committee, Litvinoff said that in- ficiently protected in any circum fluential ex-Tzarist officials were Diaz has proposed to the State Ho Nicaragua and the United States, Chamberlain said that if Bir Ein- Soviet campaign by Britain. stances that might arise, Bir Austen living in London behind an anti Department a new treaty 102 lach-Cooke meant in any circum asserted that the British Govern the latter guaranteeing protection stances which were considered to be ment invariably declined to supply to Nicaragua from external attacks within the bounds of possiblity, the concrete facta whereon their ab and internal disorders due to out- answer was in the armative, cusations were based.

aide interference.