1926-02-11 — Page 2

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LABOUR IN JAPAN.

A PARTY IN EMBRYO,

[BY THE TIMES" TOKYO CORRESPONDENT]

What Japan gives with

one hand she is rather apt to take away with the other.. An instance is the way in which the pro- visions of the Peace Preservation Act were recently invoked to nullify the advantages which might have best ex pected to accrue to democracy under the much-acclaimed Manhood Suffrage Act.

The Suffrage Act enfranchised eleven million: males; and it seemed as if the time had come when the voice of de moerney would be able to make itself heard. The organization of a Labour Party, on modest and strictly constity; tional lines, was at once set afoot. The promoters were immediately approached by Communist elements, which pressed for inclusion in say proletarian or ganization. This was not in the scope of the original scheme, bap objections were overcome and persons of supposedly moderate Communist views were aflow- ed to join. Some of these, Being com petent organizers, soon occupied ad- ministrative positions.

The political activities of the party developed until a warning was feceived from the police, acting on instructions from the Department of Home Affairs, that unless certain aims, considered by the Home Department to be revolu tionary, were dropped from the pro- gramme of the party its further develop ment and its public meetings would be prohibited... This action was taken un- der the Peace Preservation Act, which in its original form was supposed to be directed solely at restricting the activities of Soviet agents in Japan

CONVENTION BROKEN UP.

ENGLISHMEN AS FINE

~ LINGUISTS.

DR. WHYMANT THINKS AMERICANS THE WORST.

DANGERS" OF CHINESE.

The Russian is a wonderful linguist, at the top of the class, I should say: the Chinese I would put next; the English- man not very far behind these two and I would toss up whether to place the American or the Japanese at the very bottom of the class the American, I think, would win. He is terribly bad."

Dr. Neville Whymant, a University professor. of languages, who can speak 33 Oriental languages and dialects, made this statement to an Evening News representative.

Chinese is certainly the most di

cult language in the world," he went on.

In Peking Chinese there are about 400- wards of one syllable and four tones in which they can be pitched by the voice to give them four different meanings each.

WRONG TONE INSULTS.

"One must memorise the different plications may arise. A nice conversa tones, otherwise quite territying com-

ca may develop into an insalting Match it words lice ring of Yung are. pitched in the wrong tone, for Chinese 15 still a language of extremce

"A conversation like the following, he said, was an example:

How is your honourable self? (How are you !)

My mean and abject self is quite) wall. (All right.).

Where is your magnificent palacet (Where do you live 1)

My dirty hovel is in Chiswick, (Chiswick!)

"This," said Dr. Whymant, if one pitched one's voice incorrectly, might. stop at any moment owing to the Chinese having been inadvertently told to shoot

:

It is not clear to what extent the police injunctions were obeyed The Labour Party maintain that they wetu, in fact, fully complied with, while the police a resolutely maintain that they were not However that may be, the police con-big sister. tinued to take action under the Peace Preservation Act. The first convention before I knew English, if I am drawn Even though I learnt Chinese almost of the Japanese Agrarian and Industrial Workers Party, to quote its full official into a conversation upon some subject description, was broken up. The trouble about which I know nothing I sometimes was apparently started by the Com-

find myself in very awkward positions. munists, who had been more or less

And the Chinaman is not a flatter- ejected from the party: A three-cornering person like the Frenchman or the ed fight allowed, in the course of which Japanese. stones and furniture were thrown at speakers by the irate Communists, and the police intervened to arrest anyone they could lay lands upon with complete impartiality, and the meeting came to an abrupt end. Several people were injar ed in the scrimmage.

The police, having succeeded in the accomplishment of their immediase ob- ject, released most of the arrested men the next day. The question was at once raised as to how far the police were acting within their constitutional rights The Home Office states that it will welcome any impartial enquiries into the matter, and adds that its action was only taken after exhaustive inquiries into the aims of the new party.

1

A STERN CRITIC

"He does not tell you that you speak his language. wonderfully if you happen to utter a sentence which he can under stand., He points out your mistake, and tells you that you must not make mistakes like that again.

"His own memory is sa extra- ordinarily good that he cannot quite un- derstand your repeating a mistake.

"In Canton, sometimes it is hard to remember the slight differences in the Chinese spoken there and in Peking. In Peking the syllables la, lo, or lau mean that the remark you have made is at an end. It means literally finished. And the other fellow can chip in if he wants to answer you.

"One of those syllables in Canton menus come," which may be just what you don't want a person to do at the moment.

Unfortunately for the prospects of re forming the party, its members are divided into three eamps.. The first group comprises the extreme Com- manists, who will have nothing to do with any compromise; the second waite to see which way the cat jumps and is prepared to follow it either way as far in this country is, I think, absolutely Le circumstances will allow; while the wrong. The way the Chinese study is third contains the moderate elementa, the best for some languages, I finds.. who are prepared to conform to any reasonable limitations and are confident

"The method of teaching languages

LINKING UP WORDS.

that they will be allowed to go on within a language and then listens to con- "He learns, way, 1,000 or 1,500 words the formation of the party****

A POLICE APPEAL

versations which tell him how these words are to be joined together to make

with the many languages in which people asked him questions, made a dictionary in five languages containing the words and sentences be most em- ployed.

The Government has been at pains to a. "sentence. state, through the Press, that it is hot, I know a policeman in Singapore opposed to a Proletarian Party at such who, finding that he had great difficulty but only to the one which it suppressed after an embryonic existence. In Japan this is tantamount to saying that it pro poses to abort any organization which is likely truly to reflect the views which the term proletarian is generally held to im The Japanese, 1. found, are very bad ply. It is not too wild a conjecture to linguists. They are the Germans of the suspect that as a counter-measure the East. They are thorough but not bril- Government may even go so far as toliant by any means. Their inscrutable launch pseudo-proletarisa party of its faces sometimes lead Europeans to bẹ own with a programme strictly in accord-lieve that they are immensely profound ance with what it thinks good for the and learned, but really they are nothing people. Such Gilbertian. happenings are of the sort. A vacant expression on their still possible in the land of the Mikados faces means just what, it expresscs The police have taken the curious course Vacancy.

BY MACHINERY

of appealing to the good zeme of the

people whom the Agrarian and Indu I am at present engaged on the pro- trial Workers Party professed to reduction of a machine to record the exact present for support in their action. The sounds corresponding to written phonetic mass of workers in the country are too symbols, apathetic to pay much attention to sp- peals or diatribes from either aide. of so-called savage languages and to With it. want to simplity the study The clause of the Peace Preservation Act under which the police action was taken is as follows:-

enable the illiterate tribes and nations to learn. European or other languages The police may break up, limit or pro-and the eye afterwards

by the natural method-by the ear first hibit meetings of any kind should they consider such. action necessary for the posterity the languages of Bushmen, 16 will enable one to preserve for preservation of peace. The formation of Hottentots, and those people who talk an organization the meetings of which with curious clicks and eroakinga, are liable to cause disturbance of the as though their mouths were full of peace may be prohibited by the Minister castanete.

of Home Affairs. Should the organiza

tion hold that its rights have been pre-in Chinese at Oxford and lecturer in Dr. Whymant was formerly assistant judiced by illegal procedure it may have Chinese and Japanese at the London Uni- recourse to a Court of administrative versity. During the past five years be legislation.

has held professorships in Japan.

The real causes of the prohibition lie much deeper. Universal manhood, suf frage was plank in the campaign platform of the present Government. quid pro quo. It is preasure from these In order to keep faith with the electore same reactionary elements which now the Kenseikai Party was bound to pass compels the Government to, use the latter. the Bill which had been rejected more Act to counteract what they believe to be than a dozen times previously, Benc the inavitable evils resulting from the tionary elements on the Privy Council former. The weakest spot in the Govern and elsewhere were so, strongly opposed ment's armour, however, is that it has to the measure that the Peace Preserva- never stated to what items in the articles tion Act was offered and accepted as a of the short-lived Proletarian Party

(Continued on next column.)

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