1926-01-28 — Page 8

JAPAN'S POLICY: IN CHINA.

FOREIGN MINISTER'S SURVEY OF: EVENTS.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY,

·NTED. FOR TROOPS-15 MANCHURIA. It became obvious that with the actual- ly reduced strength of the garrison satisfactory fulfilment of its mission in such an extensive zone was well-nigh im possible. It was not doubted that both Marshal Chang Tso Lin and General Kuo Sung Ling had taken due note of the China has recently presented develop-warning given by the Japanese comman. ments of prime importance in her nationalder and that in their military operations

Toxyo, January 21st. The following address was delivered by Baron Shidehara, Minister for Foreign Affairs, in the Diet' to-day:---

and international affairs.

With the termination of the conflict between the Fengtien and Chihli forces in 1024 all military factions were holding their own in various parts of China, which seemed weary of internecine warfare, and general repose and sensibility reigned for a while. The Reorganization Conference las: February concluded its labours with due measuro of success. The gold frane question, which had remained long the outstanding dieulty in China's ex- ternal relations, was finally brought to an amicable adjustment. The deposit of ratifications by all the signatory Powers

they would fully respect the rights and interests of Japan. We could not, how ever. dismiss from our minds the appre hension that in the event of desperate engagements lasting for several days on all fronts the belligerents might uncon- seiously be driven to the railway zone to carry on street fighting and other forms of warlike operations. It has also hap. pened in many past instances that remn ants of a defeated army, let loose from all control and discipline, have sacked towns and terrorized the population. Having regard to the imminence of auch a danger, which manifested itself on De.

•

THE FESTON CONFERENCE, One phase of such self-awakoning among the Chinese people has taken the form of a craving for tariff autonomy.

Fully realizing this situation we have formulated our line, of policy relating to the customs Conference. As soon as the Conference was opened on October 28th the Chinese delegation submitted the ques tion of tariff autonomy. Pursuant to the defined policy of its Government the Japanese delegation expressed itself ready to take up the "question in sym- pathy with the position of China and in close communication with "the other Powers. The manifold difficulties that had stood in the way of unanimous se tion were successfully overcome and on Noyember 10th at a meeting of one of the committees appointed by the Conference, a resolution was passed on the subject of acceptance of China's tariff autonomy.

At the same time, what we have con

|

of the Nine Power Treaties of Washing-cember 15th, the Government decided at tön was effected on August 5th. Ad

once to proceed with the reinstatement ministrative reforms promised at one

of the Japanese garrison in Manchuria time to make fair progress.

to its normal strength, as maintained prior to the middle of November last.

With the restoration of general peace'] that region, following the decisive battle at the Linohe, the supplementary. troops, sent to Manchuria in the circum

FROM STRIKES TO POLITICH "We have watched these peaceful and orderly, developments of China, with sin-in cere gratißcation. In more than one in stance we have extended our friendly

stantly in view, is the common prosperity of both Japan and China. What we ar seeking to attain is an adjustment fair and equal to both parties. We are con fident that the Chinese people bave zo such unreasonable deaire as to tatishy exclusively their own position without any regard to whatever, effects may be suffer. ed by the Japanese industry and cor-

merce.

JANUARY 28TH,

JAPAN AND UNITED STATES. Turning to the relations between Japan and the United States, I permitted my self in the last two sessions of the Dict to set forth the views of the Government on the subject of the so-called Japanese Exclusion Clause in the United States. Immigration Act of 1994 I find nothing here to modify or to supplement in the views then expressed, nor can a lengthy discussion of the question at this moment be of any useful purpose. I only desira to make it clear that we remain un changed in our feelings of deeg regret at that particular clause, which seems to us to be irreconcilable with the rules of international comity and justice. Re- viewing, however, the trend of the general situation in the Unued States, all well- informed observers will readily agree that there has been a steady growth in the recent years of appreciation and under- standing of Japan by the American people Among these who once cham- pioned the cause of anti-Japanese agita- tion not a few are now openly reconciled to more moderate views and among those who at one time took no interest in Japan or displayed innate prejudice against her, not a few seem to-day eagerly and im partially willing to know the truth of all that relates to this country. A correct understanding is the foundation of true being manifested in the United States in friendship. The general tendency now

support to the efforts of the Chinese; then stances above described; were promptly/ference will be continued and expedited the attitude of that nation towards Japan

suddenly come report last April that certain elements in China were enticing strikes in Japanese cotton mills at Shang- hai, Tsingtao and elsewhere. Demands for better terms of employment soon developed into threats and violence against employers and the police, and following the most unfortunate incidents which transpired at Shanghai towards the end of May, the agitation took the form of a political movement designed to extort from the Powers the cancellation of the existing international arrange ments. Disorders then rapidly spread to a great many localities.

recalled to their original posts and all the emergency measures came to an end.

We trust that the work of the Con-

as far as circumstances permit.

The Commission on Extraterritoriality It will thus be observed that through we have always been sympathetically

in China is

пож also in session. it the recent civil strife in China, as in the case of the Fengtier-Chibli conflict disposed towards the just aspiration of of 1924, the Japanese Government have the Chinese people to recover full judicial

definite and consistently followed settled policy. It was announced in the authority and we are looking forward last session of the Diet that the policy with keen interest to the finding and the had in view (1) absolute non-interference in China's domestic affairs and (2) the recommendations, which are to be made safeguarding of Japan's rights and in by the Commission, conformably to the terests by all the legitimate means at our resolution of the Washington Conference. disposal.

AN ANSWER TO CRITICS.

The objection

RELATIONS WITH THE SOVIET

gives promise of a great future

American States. We have no plan whạt, We are in perfectly agreeable relations with Mexico as well as with the South

ever, of political significance in our inter feel, however, that fair opportunities are course with any of these countries Wo there afforded for economic enterprises of our countrymen and it is our intention to encourage such legitimate activities as far as possible.

THE EMIGRATION. QUESTION.

It is gratifying to note that our rela There are apparently certain sections tions with the Soyict Unier continue to

I would add a few words with regard of public opinion, which are swayed by make a steady progress. Contracts för

to this question. It la not car pelicy to prejudice in their judgment of Japan's canecasions of oil and coal felis, and con-

send emigrants' to any country in which action in Manchuria. The reinstatement cession in Northern Saghalien were signed undeveloped regions of the world and to they are not welcome. Our constant de of our Manchurian garrison to its normal on December 14th by the Russian authori

sire is to supply capital and labour to Such disturbanes could no longer be strength has been misconstrued as help- ties and representatives of our industrial regarded as a pure labour dispute; they ing the Fengtien army,

promote the welfare and prosperity not were calculated to threaten by force the interposed by the Japanese commander were under the Treaty of Teking of a

concerns. Such results, assured as they their mother country, but also of coun

only of the emigrants themselves and of security of the lives and property of the gainst either of the warring Parties year ago, would not have been attained if Japanese and other. foreigners, and we entering Yingkow has been misrepresent the Soviet Government had taken no in end we are prepared to exert our efforts.

tries in which they choose to establish were accordingly compelled to take at ed as

their permanent "homes. au net directed solely against terest in the promotion of a Russo

Towards this once the necessary measures for the pro-General, Kuo Sung Ling's military ope Japanese tection of our countrymen residing in the Fations. Every occasion has been utilized welcome the successful issue of these of our foreign policy. In adopting that

economic co-operation.

By the above explanation I hope I have We made suficiently clear the general lines localities affected.

to piace Japan in a false light. We de negotiations as For a settlement of the infernational plore these unfounded and nad served sentiments of good neighbourliness uniting have always made it a point not to be a fitting testimony to policy and in carrying it into effect we Acensations and in denying them cate the two nations. We seek no exclusive influenced by considerations of monetary gorically we are confident that history friendship with any nation. We are in will be the final judge of our eleur con-bued with honest friendship to all nations.

advantage or disadvantage to the country. We believe that this is the wisest course

The life of a nation, being eternal, the for Japan to pursue. With this end in

"ultimate goal of diplomacy must be last- It is a matter of satisfaction that our civil and military authorities in Manview we should avoid all hasty conclu-

ing honour, prestige and the interests of the nation. Being firm in this conviction charla have successfully carried out the policy of the Government solely in the

shall face the heavy responsibility that and relying on your generous support, I interest of humanity to save the lives of

rests upon me--Reute?» Pacific Service. the soldiers and of the adherents of the ranquished party.

questiona, occasioned by these disturb ances in China, we have been in com munication with the Central Government And the local authorities of China either jointly or separately with other Powers interested. Some of these issues have already been successfully adjusted, but what has been of still more serious con- cern to us was the eatbreak of a "ner civil war in China last October.,

THE RECENT FIGHTING.

Whatever causes any have led General Sun Chuan Fang of Chekiang to rise against the Fengtien army are China's domestic affair on which I shall reserve all comment. It is, however, known in fact that no sooner had General Sun, com. meteed his warlike operations than th Fengtien forces evacuated Shanghai. Notwithstanding these successive reverses of the Fengtien Army in Central China the situation in the Three Eastern Pro vinces in the middle of November showed no appreciable signs of unrest, nor was there any indication of approaching danger and that the line of battle might extend to that region. In this situation men of the Japanese "garrison in Man- churia, whose terms of active service had then" expired, were recalled and dis charged in accordance with the ushal procedure. On November 24th General Kuo Sung Ling suddenly rose against his chief, Marshal Chang Tso Lin, and began to March towards Mukden. In accepting the challenge Marshal Chang Tso Lin seemed to have set his first line of defence at Lianshan, far behind the Manchurian frottier. His forces again retreated from Liensban without offering much resistance to the invaders, and in became increasingly evident that he had decided to atake his last fortunes on a decisive battle along the Liaobo.

BOTH BIDES WARNED.

science.

It is a well-known fact that Japan possesses essential rights, and interests, both corporeal and incorporeal, in Man churia and Mongolia. Of auch rights and interests those that have taken a tang ible shape and are liable to destruction by acts of war, are now mainly to be found along the line of the South Man churia Railway. In order to protect them from destruction we have been constrain ed to make the necessary provision. which has duly accomplished its end. With regard to our rights and interests of an immaterial kind, they did not seem likely to be affected by the war and we are satisfied that they have in fact remained entirely unaffected

NO INTERVENTION WITHOUT CAUSE,

signs as to the intention of other Powers, bused on mere stretches of imagination and unsupported by concrete evidence.

In many cases unjust suspicion and un- warranted prejudice have been at the root of serious international complications.

questions of Russo-Japanese relationship In approaching at this juncture the we should carefully bear in mind these considerations. Rumours have recently been circulated charging the Soviet Union with certain aggressive designs, in North, Manchuria. So far as my information extends I have discovered no ground for attaching any, credence to such reports; Since the resumption of official relations between Japan and the Soviet Union a year ago we have constantly maintained close contact with the Soviet Government and have effected frank exchanges of views and information, from time to time, on all questions affecting the mutual rela tions of the two countries. Throughout such proceedings, we have been striving. to dispel all groundless misunderstandings and to promote a friendly intercourse. between the two nations. We shall con- tinue to use our best efforts in the same direction.

:

"

No doubt a complete tranquility of the whole region of the Three Eastern Pro- vinces, undisturbed by any scourge of war, is "highly to be desired in the in- terest of the native population as well as of the Japanese residents. It is, how-

RELATIONS WITH EUROPE. ever, & responsibility that properly rests upon China and the assumption of that

Our relations with each of the European responsibility by Japan without just cause Powers are eminently satisfactory With would be manifestly inconsistent with the

none of them have we any difficulty of a fundamental conception of the existing nature that portends developments onl international relations; with the basic calated to create apprehension. On the principles of the Washington Treatics and contrary, here is every assurance of grow w with the repeated declarations of the ing friendship on all sides. Japan is not Japanese Government.

party to the Locarno Treaties recently By taking such a course we would forfeit your rationaligned, which are intended to regulate bonour and pride once and for all. In questions of purely European concern, bút the atmosphere of conûdence, which there

CHINA AWAKENING.......

no case and by no means can we betreaties are known to have inspired to party to so improvident an action. the political and economic situation of Europe, cannot fail to clear the way for the forward march of the League of Nations and to exercise a salutary in- fluence upon general peace and progress of the world.

Close observations of developments in China cannot fail to note the growing signs of political awakening among the

With these developments in view the commander of the Japanese garrison in Manchuria issued a warning to both ope posing forces calling their attection to. I now turn to the subject of the special the nature and scope of duty incumbent conference on Chinese customs tariffs upon the Japanese garrison. The de actually in session. ficiency in strength of the garrison, due to the departure of the discharged

We are also deeply touched by the sin- soldiers in the middle of November, was

crity and devoted attentions with which originally to be supplemented in January, Chinese people. Old China is disappear ceived in England and we rejoice in the Prince Chichibu is being everywhere re According to the annual programe. Any ing to give way to a now Chinnadana prior dispatch of men in replacement was Extending as we do our sincere good thought that the friendship between the to be withheld until the last moment of wishes for her healthy progress, we are nations rests on a solid and endar absolute necessity. An entirely new not without a feeling of deep concern for For the first time in its history Japan

ing foundation. situation, however, presented itself when the future of that nation in witnessing has inaugurated last year an exchange reports from Manchuria came successive- the tendency of certain sections of the of Ambassadors with Turkey. ly to, hand, from the night of December promising young generation who, mis-mined as we are to remain in indepen

Deter- 14th to the next morning, confirming the led by groundless reports and einister dent and disinterested third party in the arrival of a detachment of General Kuo's propaganda, are easily attracted to poli-face of the tangled problem of Europe in army at the opposite bank. It was then tical activities of a dangerous and des- the Near East, we indulge in the con- necessary seriously to, consider the postructive nature. In any case it would be fidence and hope that the sentiments of sibility of an impending confict between a gross mistake to ignore the consider- good will fostered between the Turkish the respective forces of Marshal Changable changes that have taken place in people and ours, since the Ertogrul affair Tao Lin and General Kab. Sung Ling in recent years. Military potentates may of 1891, will gain in strength and solidity the open port of Yingkow. Our garri rise or fall by fortune of war, but national and that a new field of enterprise for tho son had now to keep special watch over consciousness, once kindled can never be Japanese industry and commerce will be a zone extending from Yingkow in the suppressed and any pressure brought to opened in Turkey and in the neighbouring south to Tientsin in the north, :

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IN COURSE OF COMPILATION

THE DIRECTORY

AND CHRONICLE

1926.

FOR CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA, INDO

OHINA, BLAM, STRAITS SETTLE- MENTS, MALAY STATES, NE- THERLANDS INDIA, PHIILIP- PINES, BORNEO, Exc.

SIXTY-FOURTH ANNUAL

ISSUE

813

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13

Parta

Abridged Edition

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