1926-01-19 — Page 2

Page

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WHAT IS PRIVATE PROPERTY?

[BY STACY ARMONIES] Contemplating the Communistic ereed of the abolition of private property and is apt to visualise some such scene as this. One is travelling in a railway carriage, One takes out a bandkerchief. Suddenly a gentleman on one's left grabs it and

remarks:

FASCISM AND LABOUR. STATE CONTROL OF TRADE' UNIONS.

A GREAT EXPERIMENT:

hazardous, experiment of Farian-the The most interesting, if the most dovetailing of Syndicalism, of an origi practically an accomplished fact, sinos aal braad, into the Italian State-is

Parliament acclaims the new Legisla "Excuse me. I wish to blow my nove tion, and the Senate is unlikely to reject on the State handkerchief."

a favourite project of the Premier, says This, of course, is carrying the theory Trade Union movement is to be juridi

Rome correspondent. The new Fasciat to extremes. The most advanced Com munist would not wish to rab one of the rally recognised; Labour contracts and proprietary right of a handkerchief the administration of all fuads are Nevertheless, it opens up an alarming control; and sixteen special Courts of placed under immediate Government vista of difficulties It 1 resent the gentleman using my handkerchier, I am Appeal, are to deal with Labour ques- establishing a claim to private property tions. The Bill also provides for the which could hardly be denied. But if organisation of all the professions and you grant me a handkerchief you must arts on the Trade Union principle...

A Fascist Deputy and writer, on

grant me certain other things. The spectacles/which were made for me would economics, Signor Lanzillo, pointed out be of no use to the gardener's son. Iwith satisfaction that the Bill sets the must have clothes, and a bed, and a Labour question upon an entirely new photograph of my uncle when he was basis, and has a distinctly revplationary mayor of Pendlesham. I bath lots of character. For the first time only cho things I value which would be of no value association for each trade, comprising employers and workers, and only one Federation or, Confederation, is to be recognised. A great object of the Bill, it is said, consists in the withdrawal of Trade Unions from party influence and placing them rigorously beneath the authorities of the State.

or interest to anyone else. ・・

THE PROBLEMA

Where is one to draw the line between private property and public property The whole thing mast eventuate into a compromise. And the compromise begets the wriggle, and the wriggle begets the Wangle, and the Wangle is father to the profiteer, and the proûtber is the Devil himself. And so it must revert once more to the old position. To talk of abolishing property you must first postulate that the acquisitive sense is abolished.

For a man slowly builds up his private property almost fortuitously around him. Some things may have value, some may be intrinsically valueless. But if private property is to be abolished someche has got to draw a very fine line between what is of a private, necessary, and sentimental value, and what is of public valec, for Communism, through a series of capital levies would automatically destroy all

material values.

|

It is an old wish of Signor Mussolini to see the creation of a great Syndicalist State The Marxist doctrine of class warfare is now to be replaced by the war- fare of efficiency (latin di capacità). Trade disputes are to be settled with- out strikes by compulsory Labour Tri- bunals and, in short, Labour and Capital will henceforth follow the ideal example of the lamb and the lion in Scripture.

Since the crisis eighteen months ago brought about by the Matteotti crime, the Premier has made every effort to win the confidence of the working classes. In view of the conservative and indus- trial interests backing the Government, Trade Union the question arises as to whether this radical change in Fascist Labour policy, movement indicates a or whether it is a blind which causes no anxiety among capitalists.

Signor Vovio, revolutionary So- Soviet, testified in Parliament to the the Russiau afacerity of the Premier's desire to pro- mote the welfare of the working classes, In his opinion the new Bill has not a political character, but is a great his Labour enters officially into the life of toric event, because, for the first time, the Italian State. He maintained that it was as logical for Fascism to defend itself as for the Soviet, which had sup pressed all ordinary laws, and forbidden Ponents to exercise even a philosophic speculation.

A Rembrandt would be worth no more than the water-colour my aunt did last year at Zermatt.

Then the problem arises: Who is to have the Rembrandt and who is to have my aunt's water- colour? We learn that one attempt tocialist, whose ideal is solve this problem is made at the present day in Leningrad by the fact that all private collections of pictures are thrown open to the public, while the owners act as curators. This devolves upon seme- one the onus of determining what is

cllection of pictures worthy of this atten: tion: One may visualise warms of people trapising from house to house all over the city in order to enjoy their national treasure. Who is to discriminate between the housebold gods of the poor maan and the objets d'art of the rich ? Material values were not created by a machine but by interplay of human emotions and desires.

But if the matter is difficult of splation with regard to pictures, bow much more difficult it would be with regard to other things, which are lightly dismissed as luxuries, but which are in most cases the things most worth while producing, such as books, toys, jewels, enamels, porcelain, tapestries, silks and embroideries.

Alluding to Signor Mussolini, he said that the leader of a revolution may

appear incoherent to the vulgar eye, which is incapable of fathoming the ideal consciousness beneath the surface, only visible to the initiated.

POETRY OF THE CREATION. ·

SIR OLIVER LODGE ON GENESIS.

Ne one could have the use of these things, because everybody couldn't. They would become dead relics of the past. set series of three addresses on evolution at Sir Oliver Lodge gave the first of a in historical museums. No body of people the dinner-hour service at Christ Church, is going to delight in these public mani-Westminster, last month, on "The Evolu festations in the same degree that they tion of the Worlds." He said that to have in the past delighted in their house-regard the first two chapters of Genesis, hold gode I may go to the National or any other chapter, as 'scientific fact, Gallery and enjoy the beauties of a Rem brand portrait, but it is no satisfaction to me to know that, being one of a population of forty-odd million, therefore one-fortieth of a million of the Rembrandt belongs to me: I cannot take my one fortieth of a million home with me and regard it as something personal.

or an attempt at scientific fact, was an unlettered or illiterate blunder. We must regard them as poetry, and dig our their inner meaning by getting below the crust of the superficial, the accidental, the mere form or skeleton in which they are framed. Looked at in that way, which And if all the beautiful things in the First of all, it was the perception that, was the essence of the first chapter? world become impersonal no one will take in the beginning of time-if there was a an interest in them. They will cease to beginning, and whether there was a begin- be produced. I am quite convinced thas ning or not there was the brooding of a Mr. Shaw would willingly give up a large. Divine Spirit, a mind at work, planning portion of the royalties on any of his and executing. Some said that the pro- brilliant plays (as. a matter of inet kaleess of evolution required no mind, no does, but I do not believe that he could plan! write them at all, but for the fact that they are private property of an intensely personal kind.

If any say that, said Sir Oliver, "they are in opposition to the inspired Think of people with their beloved first. they know. They are not rational. They writing. They are going beyond anything editions. It is only incidentally that are making a mere baseless assertion. If aay of these treasured volumes are of they say that evolution was the process great value. Would anyone be allowed by which the power acted they would be to keep any books at all? Or would the right. There is an unfolding, a develop world become a vast caravanserai of lendment. Things do not come into existence ing libraries, museums, mausoleums, de- all at once. As the tree grows from the positories, and old clothes shops Fox seed, as the fower unfolds from the hud, it must not be overlooked that money the process is gradual, not sudden. Time. represents only a small fraction of preis, involved. How much time is only a perty. Rich people, so far as I can make question of degree."

+

dut, never have any money at all. They fAs to what evidence there was that. only have realisable assets, and large there was mind acting at all, that there overdrafts at the bank. These realisable assets are entirely fluid, and vary from hour to bour, They would be a difflt to levy upon as a mill-stredm..

was any planning, any conceiving, any purpose, he asked how we knew that everything was not automatic, haphazard, mechanical?" He should not, he said, A COMMUNIST AT HEARTS

argue against that, for the only philo- Any comprehensive, scheme therefore in sophers who could think that were the a way of a capita? levy would have to be make books by throwing together letters philosophers of Laputa, who sought to extended not merely to capital, but to kind. But if you treated kind in this way there was nothing random in the universe at random. It was quite evident that (apart from foodstuffs), you could do An automaton, however automatically it nothing with it except put it in a museum, worked, was the creation of mind, and because directly it was commandeered it the sign and evidence of it to any but would immediately lose all commercial those whose minds were clouded. their value. There would naturally be no one

limited

!!

to buy it. In which case if you concede apprehensions dull, and their intelligence that one man has the sight to own a Science did not deal with origins, even pocket handkerchief, who is to say that oetry had to close its eyes when con the lady opposite hasn't the right to wear fronted with ultimate origins. It could a diamond hecklace I do not ask these

questions in a spirit of tippancy or is only murmur the words,In the begin respect to Communism. I know that Tangy God."

am myself a Communist at heart. I am

only anxious to know how these difficulties their liberties were to be in any unj could be adjusted.

Fortunately for the ease of mind of thising game of vieing and out-vieing in per restricted with regard to the ever-absorb pagan generation, these extreme reform-sonal adorninent! ers would have to deal with women. and unnatural as stopping a man in the It would be as cruel Imagine telling women that their hats middle of a yawn. If common sense and clothes and cosmetics were either should ever-fail in the regulation of these public property or that they were torbe matters we could always rely upon women standardised, or limited in cost, or that to keep the world safe for aristocracy,

(Continued at foot of next Column) Evening Standard.

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65

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