1925-08-31 — Page 5

CHINA PROBLEM IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS

DEBATE ON AUGUST 5TH:

VISCOUNT HALDANE SAYS THERE WILL BE GREAT LOSS

OF TRADE IF WE ARE NOT CAREFUL

THE HONGKO

The following debate in the House of Lords on the Chinese problem took place on August 8th-A WEEK AFTER THE RESOLUTIONS PASSED AT HONGKONG'S FIRST PUBLIO MEETING HAD BEEN CABLED TO THE HOME GOVERNMENT.

The EARL or Gosrogn called attention international discussion with a view to to the situation in China. He mid the modifying old treaty engagements in such Facilemental cause of the unrest in China a way as might be of infinits benefit to was not to be found in anti-foreign China's friends and Allies fealing, in Bolshevik propaganda, or in Labour unrest. All these factors were involved and had been brought promin eatly is the surface, but the seat of the trouble lay far deeper, in the suffering of à great people and their continued sense of grievance. Since the Washington Con- ference in 1992 the condition of China had got work and British trade had Fallen into à parlous state. He urged that | China? the special conference to deal with. Chinese affairs promised at Washington should be convened without delay. .

The first object of our policy should be to co-operate with the forces of law and order in re-establishing such conditions as would bring about a peaceful situation in that country. He admitted that con- ditions of work and pay were bad in China, but in the majority of factories ander British control the workers were very well cared for, and their general Condition compared very favourably with that of the workers in any other coun try. There was no need for resentment in this country at the development of in.

dustry in China by British capital. The industry of China was not and never would be in real competition with indus try in this country.

In the majority of recent strikes in China the workers had left their work with very real reluctance and had gene- sally gone back without any sort of pres sure." They had admitted in almost

the every eas that

Pressure

Viscount HALDANE said the position in China might cause us not only a great deal of trouble but great loss of trade if we were not very careful.

Ba Balfour's

policy on Chil

MONDAY AUGUST HIST

ENSUES ENTERING CA

PILOTS REQUIRED:

FROM OVE CHINESE: COR MISPONI

formal character. When everybody con- corned agrees, A divial quiry by to be

It is rated that General Wu Te intituted into the

aces of the Chief of Police at Canton, Shanghai conflict at the beginning of

his allegiance to the Balsl June, and a Chinese Judge is to be in General Li. Fool Lam, vited to take part in the enquiry. That troops at Hosam, the south is to the good. A great deal of harm of the city, has also formally has been done in the meantime by dis General, Hau Chung Chi, his torted versions of the incident, but it is officer, that he is a full Red, just possible that Chinese feeling, per-this assurance being received, it is rou haps by now a little alarmed by the deveported that Geners! Hsu gave orders to lopments of the conflict to which the in the Whampoa cadets to cease: firing on cident gave ride, may seek in the de

TRRES “COMMIŠIKON JESU cisions of an impartial court an 'excuse to G for more peaceful procedure. But it ise Bolseriks, in order to cope wit

situation the extraordina dangerous to permit the institution of such a purely judicial inquiry to be de- have organized

and police power. layed too long. The unexplamed cireum-tical, military,

Chung Chi, and Chiang Kai Shek stances of the abortive inquiry by the commissioners are Wang Ching Wei, Ha commandantstof the Chiang Whampoa Military Academy, has also assumed the rank of garrison commis sioner of Canton City.

J

VESSELS ENTREINO CANTOS.

with polit

China must be able to obtain for her self a vigorous Centralised Government which would secure the ordinary re- quisites of civilisation, and it was only as she succeeded in effectively carrying out that end, and not as a result of any Diplomatic Body in Peking have inten- thing that we or the Washington Con-sided the suspicions and the wild accura ference could accomplish, that great and tions of the actively discontented cle- permanent effects would be produced in ments in China. It will not be an easy task to remove the prejudices and assump tions that have now had time to take

To regulate vessels entering Canton, the intention of deep root. Further the British Government is to proceed. Comrade Seminat, commanding the Can- in association with the other signatories ton Navy, has established a pilot station at Shakok, near Bocen Tigris. All vessels Ear! BEAUCHAMP said the unfortunate of the Washington Treaty, to the convo

at the station to take up a pilot. Is is situation in Chica was in no way due to cation of the Tariff Conference for which desiring to enter Canton must first call understood that the pilots are all licensed the action taken by our Government. that Treaty provided. On this point, as on Whatever Government had been in office others, Lord Balfour appears to be scep the same situation would have arisen. Hetical He dwelt on the enormous diffi and vessels failing to carry a pilot will

Central Government ju China, and he coMMUNICATION WITH CAO welcomed the enquiry that was to be held culties created by the absence of a strong not be given entry to Canten. at Shanghai, and suggested the presence explained at length that, whatever feeble The communication between Kwang- of a Chinese judge on the enquiring efforts other Powers night make, the salva-tung towns and Hongkong by way of tion of distracted China depended in the Macao has been greatly obstructed the body.

long run on the energies of her own people last few days by the substitution of That is certainly not the basis for an cadets for strike committee pickets. For active policy in a time of crisis. The a time junks were allowed to proceed to British Government and the British Macao from several Kwangtung ports people, who are openly challenged by the present movementin China, should express their friendly and constructive purposes with far greater assurance and conviction:

Lord BALFOUR The Government are in favour of that.

Earl BRAUCHAMP further suggested that sum of about £3,000 should be placed at the disposal of the Shanghai Muni cipal Council with which to meet claims for compensation, and urged that there should be some representative of Chins itself on the Shanghai Municipal Council

The subject then dropped.

**THE TIMES" COMMENT,

to The next day The Times published the following leading article on the debate

BRITISH POLICY IN CHINA.

ment

after paying tribute, but since the Bol- sheviks have taken everything into their own hands, the Kuomintang miléarists not wholly Red have been replaced and

The resumption of Kangmoon-Hongkong communication as favoured by Brigadier Li Oz, commanding Kongmoon, has been delayed for the time being. Li has been denounced as "anti-Red." A regiment of true "Reds' was sent to Kongmoon on August 28, but Li had left that port several days previously and his retura is now doubtful

It we mean business in China, let us have it is now very difficult, to get to Macao clear and definite plan IL we are from Toyahan, Shekki, and other centres.

leave work came not from economic but

working for a Conference in accordance KONGMOON-HONGKONG with the Washington Treaty, if we really from political causes. China was the one

believe that through such a Conference market which offered at the present time some solution of our unemployment, pro-

Lord Balfour, with no air of discours-we shall be able to attract, rally, and blems Almost everything this country ing on eschatological mysteries, indicated stimulate the latent forces of Chinese produced in bulk was wanted in China. yesterday in the House of Lords some British labour had a direct interest lines of the policy which the Government national unity, then it is high time to be in the matter, and the Government propose at present to pursue in China. thoroughly in earnest about it, to lay should be urged to do everything poss-The tone of this not very hopeful com down the details of programme and pro- ible to re-open the channels of trade and munication should, perhaps, be ascribed cedure, and to go courageously forward develop markets which were almost an

to Lord Balfour's own sceptical temper with a strong conviction that any kind of paralleled.

constractive action, in the common in terests of China and the Powern with. whom she is most closely associated, will reveal and unito, the genuinely progrès sive forces that in China itself languish. and decay for want of a defnite purpose. It is barely possible that this assumption may prove to be unjustified; but any other view would fogically imply the abandonment of any serious policy in regard to China. That is unthinkable. At any rate it is a grave disservice to those British citizens who in China are gallantly bearing the brunt of a concen trated attack on the name and bonour of their country even to suggest that the policy of their Government is a form of dallying with a problem that hardly ap pears to be semble:

The solution of the China problem was one of the greatest confronting British statesmanship to-day. He declar ed that the Chinese were not unfriendly to us, though the recent attack was directed mainly against us. We must de clare ourselves openly on the side of law and order.**

ANOTHER BORDER INCIDENT.

PUNJABI PICKET FIRED ON.

Another border incident occurred on Saturday at 6:30 pm, when a Punjabi Ficket on patrol duty in the vicinity of Low, were fired upon by Chinese soldiery from across the border Only a few shots were fired by the Chinese and the Punjabis replied. It is stated that no one was hit by the bullets. The fire was exchanged at about a thousand yards"

ge

It is hardly the tone that British Government should adopt in a crisis that, remote though it be in geo graphical miles, directy affects most im- portant British interests. To discuss Chinese affairs in a spirit of depressing detachment is not a preparation for effec. tive action, and action is urgently néces sary. It is really beside the point to talk, as Lord Balfour does, ofthe LORD BALFOUR'S REPLY

ancient and mysterious civilization of The EARL OF BALFOVE said that though China. That civilization is ancient, of Lord Gosford came fresh from China he course, but it is far less mysterious than had been more successful in explain any current theories of the constitution Ing the dificulties of the problem than of the universe. At any rate what matters in indicating how the Treaty Powers from the point of view of British states could extricate themselves from those men who must take profitable action in difficulties. The main problem of Chit the imparilled interests of their country

TELEPHONE WIRE CUT. aruse from the fact that at this moments the remarkable transitional condition ita vast population and ancient civilisa of those Chinese millions who are now in This is not the moment for vague

The party, which opened the firing, tion had no Central Government capable most disturbing contact with our own speculation on the distant future of of carrying out the duties which in other civilization. It is the changing China tof China Great Britain is attacked and consisted of ten Chinese soldiers.

Shortly before p.m., telephone.com- Countries devolved on the Central to-day that concerns us, not the distant Great Britain must act. British trade is munication becamo interrupted between Government,

Chains of the Confucian era. Nothing losing heavily as a result of strikes and The question was, how was it possible gained with all allowance for the wear boycotta. The losses may accumulate. Lown and Sheungsbui. An examination to deal with the fundamental difficulty news attendant on the close of a Paris. The achievements of many patient years of the Beld telephone line was made and of the situation namely, the chaotic con-mentary Session--by treating the Chinese may be wrecked Aise and very active it was discovered that 20 yards of wire dition of Chinese politics1 His view was problems as something remote and ob policy may turn this crisis, to the great had been out and removed at a point lea that there was no clear policy this coun. scure, which may confidently be left, with advantage of China, and to the growing than a mile from Shengshui wy or any other country that had re-some polite show of effort to the slow advantage of our own barassed trade and }^~ lations with China could follow that would operation of incalculable forces of his adustries. The important speech de go directly to the root of the evil, China, tory, Lord Gosford, who raised the livered by Lord Gosford, who knows his THE LATE MR. LIU CHUNG HOL and China alone, could bring about that thorny question, rightly: arged that Chins well, contained a number of useful change in her present political situation China should occupy central place in mggestions on which the Government that might give promise of happier re- the will and the policy of the British might well act. It is not as though, oven lations between Chins and purselves and Government: Il something that we might in the present phase of the Chinese to The con containing the remains of the rest of the world. We could only do take the lead in doing now were to moil, there was nothing to lay hold of Mr. Ján Chung Hoi, which has been lying our best to mitigate a situation whose succeed, the relief of many of our own It is true that a strong nationalist more in state at the Kuomintang headquarters sential character it did not rest with us prefent distresses would be enormous ment is directed against us and that was removed to the Wing Shing monas permanently to modify,

China is a land of premise, and the asso our vigilant comes, the Bolsheviks tery on August 24th, With regard to the position at Shang- cation of her potentialities of progress are doing their utmost to foment it. Instructions were given to all Govern hai it was the desire of the Government with intelligent British effort would mean Recently, besides sending reinforcementment and Public Institutions to fly, flagh that public judicial inquiry should be the dissipation of some urgent cares. On of their politics and military agents to at half-mast for three days All members held of such a character as would come the other hand, if by fambling, mertia, the anti-British Government of Canton of the Kuomintang and officials of

and the confidence not merely of other or idle subservience to diplomatic preced they have been entertaining in Moscow Government organations were ordered countries bat of the Chinese themselves onts, we surrender to a movement that and imbuing with their own revolutionary to wear bisek arm bands for even and If all the arrangements for such an en is now directed primarily against us, we principles a large delegation of the Kao three days respectively quiry had not yet been made it was be shall lose the great opportunities promintang party from various regions of Arrangements are being completed for Kaum "on" such a subject all the Treaty vided by many years of British enter- China But the mass of the Chinese the Stale burial of Liu Chung Hot Powers had a right to express their prise in the Far East, and we shall find people are certainly not Bolsheviks, and, GHAN CHAULAM.

the time being Soviet aid has opinions The Government desired the ourselves at a great disadvantage in

med for the purposes of the The Canton Gazette wates that an enquiry to take place as soon sa possible. complications that much inevitably ons

ent there are some allowance of $5,000 has been made He pointed out that it was not the fault in the Pacific, where important British

to extreme Bolthe cover the expenses of the funeral

possible to Châu Laza" who was thot at the pathy with na Liu Chung Hoi. Steps are reveal the taken to provide his am

with nu am nd Chinese compassionate allowance.

of the British Government that the fur Dominions le. The Govern ther Chinese conference arising out of take a strong initiative in Chine the Washington Conference had not yet us the result of a general taken place. Now that the Washington has been directed against. Treaty had been ratified he hoped the beginning of June, Beitikhi

onference might take place and that it already suffered to the extent of sey might be fruitful of good results, though millions of pounds, with

it was imposible to be sanguine on the sonal indignities and

stter in existing circumstances It was miss

par daty after what pawed at Washing Workers who have in Eton to gara China the full benefit of an aims whatever.

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that is Researches

and very bera of

conducted in of

out with other

tiative and the ordered

the Kuomintang

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