1925-02-25 — Page 9

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 25TH,

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45

THERAPION NE1 THERAPION NⱭ2 HERAPION N3

THE GREAT PLAGUE. STORIES OF LONDON'S HORROR.

**TRAGEDY OF ERRORS."

៩៦

lague stricken house people scattered inr and wide, bringing the infection with them, and the same sorry tale of the plague came to be told throughout the Horn Counties, in East Anglia, and as far north as Newcastle-on-Tyne, fur- A vision of the horror of London ther sourer of infection was the opera- under the Great Plague in the year 1863tions of ghouls known as "brokers of the dead, who for triding sums purchased was given by Mr. Walter G. Bell, the the effects of the dead or of the living to historian of Old Loudon, in a paper rondell again these articles from infected to a meeting of the London Hospital houses The nursing profession did not then exist. There was no body of edu- Medien Society recently..

eated, high-minded, let alone trained, As the outlet Mr. Bell said that Long women to draw upon. Such was the dif don's population in the calamitous year fenity of filling the post of nurse did not exceed half a million. The keepers that none could be refuseil, capital was so small that the West-end

Dirty ugly, unwholesctas hags had not yet spread up the Haymarket, the description given by a contemporary' and in the East the town stopped a little | writer. beyond Whitechapel Church. London's The total deaths in London in the

Bell ratimated City Wall-an actual stone wall, stand-Riague year Mr. ing high-was still fairly complete from 110,0m, a proportion of almost one in the Tower of London by the vast and every three of thoses who stayed. That north road to Aldersgate, with consider was an alarming Gaure, bus it did not iable remains westward towards the exaggerate the fact. Many had thought Thames. We knew London in the Great that the shortage of the Bill of Mort Plague best from Defoe's famous pagesality was due to the various religious Defoe explained that the Plague came sects, who refused to notify their dead to to the then little capital of ours the parish church. The shortage was in Holland, from Turkey. Dr. Nathaniel fact, mostly due to the unrecorded Hodges, who practised in London during burials in the ghnatly plague pits which the Plague, said the same thing. We began to encircle Loudon in the Forest now knew, however, that such was it fields and churchyards. No full account the case, for, so far from being of for could be kept. In conclusión, Hr. Bell sign origin, the Flugue arose in our said that he had found himself wonder own streets, having its birth in the cloreing what would happen were the plague dark, and filthy wooden-built houses of

to break out te-day in some area of Lon. Restoration London's slams, rat-infeste due with a population of half a million- nga matter, of course, London had a

the population of all London in the story of Plague that was closely con

Great Plague H doubted fe with our tinuous for a hundred and fifty years-modern knowledge and practice, the mor" a period over which there were fairly tality would be over 3 per cent. of that ample records-and it was probably con

in 1865, tinuous for about three centuries, back to the Black Death of the Middle Ages.

The Great Plague began to appear soon after a hard and long winter's fros broke at the end of March, 1885. Start: ing in St. Giles-in-the-Fields it spread in April and May to the disining parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields and St. Margaret, Westminster, with spot were found numerous other bones. die enses in St. Clement Danes and even There was no doubt that a small plague- within the walled city. But till June pit had been unearthed. Viscount Burn- was out more than half the fatal cases ham expressed the thanks of the meeting reported each week were in, the origifint-

A discussion followed in the course of which the Vicar of Stepney produced the register of deaths and burials in the parish during the plague rear. Dr. Bulloch exhibited the skull "of L ancient Briton of the Plague period' Jug up when the Rivoli music hall, in Whitechapel, was being built. With it

SUNRISE AND SUNSET IN HONGKONG.

ing parish of St. Giles. In July the 19 Mr. Bell for his lecture.. great up-leaps began." In Clerkenwell, to take an example, the deaths for the four works of May, 1665, were four, then four. then three, rising to nine. In June they went down to two a week. Then in July they went up in a rush to 170 in a single wk at the peak. If May's figures 7

Date. presented the neraal death rate, by

Fab whole population must August the have been swept away These figures:

better than showed

anything else Plague. the real tragedy of the Though we spoke of the Plague in Lon don, it was least destructive of life in

the walled city, but ravaged the outlying

Standard Time of the 190th Meridian, East of Greenwich,

Sunset.

Sunrise.

23th

6.18 ...

6,23 13.

S8th

A.47

6.28

27th

8.47

8.23

28th

6.46

6.27

17

slums which had sprung up as London, HOME LEAVE

the Kingdom's chief industrial city. spread beyond its earlier confines. First the fashionable classes, then the rich! merchants and the wellte do tradesinen and masters of crafts fled out London to escape the danger. They left thon sands of their servants and craftsmen without employment, and these people, finding themselves destitute, fell back into the stams. The Plague got into the lims. and as it decimated the popula tion. others of the pour came in, to be struck down in tern. In the Liberties the deaths rose to 3,700 a week. A point that had not been understood was that in the area within the city wall, which contained the Cathedral, Guildhall. Ex- change, and all. the Companies' Halls, and was then the heart of London, as it was to-day, the deaths were not one- sixth of the whole. Not without re230D was the visitation called The Poor's Plague. for the cold truth was that very few people of the better-of classes fell victims to it. Not a single alderman.or magistrate succumbed.

RAT-INFESTEĎ SLUMS.

Passing to the causes of the Plague, Mr. Bell said that it was now knowu that bubonic plague was due to a germ introduced to the blood by the rat fles Plague was really an animal disease, which unfortunately could be communi cated to man. It broke out urang, rucs, and the rat fet, "gorged with the infected blood of its host and the bacilli contain- ed therein, left the dead rat to find an- other host. In rat-infested houses the new host was mar. The bacillus was a rod-like structure, which repeatedly elongated and divided into two, each and going off as a separate life. In this way The bacillus multiplied very rapidly. But nore of these facts were known to' the doctors of the Restoration, and we had. to envisage them stumbling about in absolute ignorance." The prevalent medi- cal belief, so far as it had expression, was that the infection of plague remain- ed in the air. Hence the burning of strong-smelling substances. "to correct the infectious air," was the recommenda- tion of the Royal College of Physicians in 1665. A minority view was that the virus of the plague was barboured in the oil. The rat was above suspicion. Not one single mention of him had the lecturer been able to find in the medical writings of the lime. Dogs and cats, which might have destroyed the rats, were killed off by thousands. No fewer than 4,500 dogs were killed in the City alone as measure of plague prevention, while the rat was left to live and flourish in the old, dirty, decaying, timber-built houses of London, and fed fat on the garbage and decaying refuse left lying' about. Certainly the plague received every assistance, and in calling it a Tragedy of Errore," said Mr. Bell, he did not think he exaggerated.

As the pingue was thought to be highly infectious the chief measure of, "preven- tion' adopted was the shutting up of infected houses with all the people within them, the sick and the healthy together. No new methods were devised for com- bating the disease. Plague was the will of God, and the massce of the people so accepted it, the authorities netting aside a monthly day for fasting and hamilia tion to avert the Divine vengeance To escape the fate of being shut up in a

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1925

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