1925-02-17 — Page 9

TRE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17TH, 1925

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RUSSIA'S NAVAL REVIVAL.

ENIGMA OF THE RED FLEET.

mere posac either an aggressive or

ณ

With the return of the remains of the Wrangel Fleet-interned at Bizerta in 1920-the Soviet Black Sen Fleet will get the battleship Ascunder. I for what she may be worth beneath her rich coating of rust, a couple of light- cruisers, and small batch of destroyers

Sca power derives its chief signifi cance from the political creed of the nation that wields it. According to the aims and ambitions of that country is it at the Black Sea Fleet is not at either, a direct menace to pence, as in present figuring very prominently in the the case of Germany before the war; a naval plans of the Bolshevists There disquieting factor of uncertainty, as in is only one modern ship in it--the cruiser the case of Russin before the war with Sovietskaja Chruinn, which is very Japan; en assurance of the safes ilar to the Clara Zetkin. The Black guarding of international rights and dra shipyards are in a deplorable state freedom, as in The case of the British of iseficiency, and can do little towards Maryl Sea power

.has

conditioning the ships in those waters. as always arisen, grown upon the

Such principle of re-

them as are capable of steaming pone in a definite objective. History will probably be brought around into furnishes ne example of a natio

a nation creat-

at the Baltic. There they could be tuned ing a war fleet for the simple object of up and rendered it to

attempt the ce. There Voyage to, Vladivostock-or for any other of armed force, has always

purpose to which the Soviet may con- defensive idea at the back of all template putting them. organized naval creation. Sometimes this is readils

apparent; sometimes it is comparatively obscure.

In fact, it may be taken as an elementary prin- ciple that no war weapon fashioned without same conception, af (using it.

To the mast casaal student of strategical problems the annual pro- grammes. of the great naval Powers Present perfectly clear revelation of settled policy. If Great Britain pra- poses to develop Singapore or to

to build

The appearance of a mysterious squad- class of blue-water cruisers; iron off the port of Royal during the France reccentrates upon the construe attempted revolutionary enterprise by a tion large

numbers of torpedo craft moh at Communists gives us a pretty and submarines; if italy creates a new definite clue to the manner in which the chains of bases in the Mediterranean-Red Fleet is to be employed for the the reason for these things is not far to present. When the Reval-outbreak failed seek. There is nothing sinister about the mysterious squadron Bitted away. It bad evidently been waiting for some pre-

14

Загре

them.

£3

ayap

As against any

navy worthy the name the Red Fleet would be no match. But as far as we can gather it is not the policy of the Bolshevists to bring into rivalry with any navy worthy of the name. The German post-war feet. com- prising eight pre-Dreadnought hatte ships could make a nasty mess of the Soviet clutter, probably "at the expens of little, if any material loss to itself So the Red Fleet is not likely to trouble the German coast.

Now the ominous signifcaner of this lies in the well-evident fact that the Soviet Government knew all about this Com- munist conspiracy and were prepared to support it had the coup come off What nice next door neighbours for any country to have!

Applying this principle to the present-arranged signal which was never given. day resurrection of Russian sea power, we are led to an answer of a distinctly less reassuring character. We begin by asking why, after a period of some six years of absolute indifference to the subject of sea power, Russia has sud. derly awakened to keen activity in re

There is

||

creating her moribend Navy thurst Russia is to he used openly or insidious

10 visible

explanation for this.

In short, the reviving sea power of

enforcement of ely, as opportunity may offer, for the

Bolshevist doctrines. This is playing with edged tools with a vengeance! That such a policy may pro- voke an act of war at any moment is too obvious to need any labouring.

The armed craft of Lathonia and Finland constitute negligible forces. Probably there is nothing the Soviet would like better than to provoke them into some

act

new policy. The Russian Marcantile Marine is almost negligible today, and no attempt is made to explain a sad. den realization of the necessity to pro tect it and the trade routes over whiel

·Coast defence is of no more importance to Russia to-day than ever it has been, since the bombardment or even the destruction of all the ports of that self-contained country could make but little difference to the course of war in her territories. Moreover, there which could be misrepresented into unprovoked aggression. Denmark has is no visible possibility of an attack plut

plunged into naval disarmament a step. upon the Russian sea-frontiera.

of which she is now, probably rather Therefore, we come to the conclusion that Russia's new aval policy is not based upon any sudden perception of defensive necessities. The alternative inference is that it must have an ag gressive purport-not necessarily to the extent of warlike intention, but as an" active factor for giving point to her general national policy..

misfortune

|

questioning, the complete wiadom

Sweden and Norway maintain but very slender navics. Germany alone is the only, other sea, Power to be reckoned with in the Baltic to-day, and Ruesia ja not likely to stir up that nest.

The position elearly one of ominous possibilities, and it is not wholly un-

natural that we should associate with": Bolshevism was created by, and exists the fact that a British naval cruiser in upon, military enforcement. But for the Baltic hai, apparently, now become the dictatorship of the Red Army regular annual event. The question, Russia would not be the economic ruia

at present, remains a political one. We we see today.

It is a curious paycho-are directly concerned in trying to re- togical phase, by no means confined to strict the spread of Communist propa the Muscovite, that failure in any ganda in

individual

gradually recovering Europe. Breat

experiment always Russin designs to employ her Reit brings the desire to drag others into the leet in fermenting and actively abet-

Soviet statesmen (if The

ting such outbreaks as recently occurred may prostitute such a respectable word) at Reval, the political aspect may very are perfectly conscious that Bolshevism

Soon Sauze a purely naval one.

It is a domestic failure, so they are fer- impossible to say how far it may

auit. vently striving to make it an interna- the real purpose of Germany to remain tional failure. Their intrigues and their passive to any Russian intrigues which. propaganda to this end are so amazing do not directly touch her own interests. that no succession of historians រ ever

Her present Bavy is quite adequate to likely to get to the bottom of them. The balancing the Red Fleet. Great Britain Zinovie letter is

a little sample of eir has no desire to take an oar in that

their principles. The misbegotten disciples of R Red rain will stop at nothing in their efforts to divert the world's attention from their own wreckage by spreading their amiable doctrines over the rest of civilization.

day if she can help it. The interesting question is whether a situation may n be forced by the Red Fleet in which it would be the worst possible policy for her to refrain from having something Their malignant purpose rather effective to say. (Sir Herbert merely deepens with their failure. Eussell in the Naval and Military

In a wor

a word, bere, I suggest, is the true | Record). explanation for the revival of Russian naval power. The Red Fleet is designed to be an adjunct to the Red Army, Not long ago it was reported from very credible source that the whole of the Soviet Navy is to proceed to Vladivos tock us BOON This it is deemed DI to attempt such a voyage. Japan has receatly warned Russia that--she must mend her ways, so far as these are being exercised in directions. "which mediately concern her, otherwise she will

im-

break off all further negotiations. whether this attitude may bring a reconsideration of the alleged decision with regard to the Red Fleet is a point. upon which we can only speculate; Moscow is certainly not likely to en- lighten us.

that.

Like everything else in Russia at the present day the Hed Floet is an engima. We have no means of estimating its relative fighting value. It is believed

·བ considerable proportion of the officers of the old Imperial Navy are re tained in it, and it is certainly known that an organized effort has been made to collect men with some degree of sex training. The battleships Sexuntopol and Petropavlovsk (renamed Marat and Paris Commune) were at sea during the

deal of

"descri shooting

as of very poor quality, with

their 12-inch guns, of each ressel mounts twelve. These were completed in 1915; they are 23,000 tons and, with turbines :ht cording were designed for 23 kapts

summer manoeuvres-and did 2 good

to report they never touched

15 knots during the maneuvres in the Gulf of Finland.

The Soviet Baltic Fleet claims to possess five Seaworthy cruisers. or these the Clara Zetkin is by far the most formidable,

anything app uming that she is in

an effective con-

29

dition. She has a displacement of 8,000 tone, a full-power speed of

knots,

and

an armament of sixteen, 5.1-inch quick- frera. The submarine and destroyer fotillas number about 12

dozen craft

apiece, but although these are reason modern in type, from long their present-day efficiency is probably

With the

miscellaneous craft

low.

which the Bolshevists have been able,

to

Take together in the Baltic porte, it is likely that they can dispose of about a hundred vetela in that sea.

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