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TENDIX AND`MKE FAIT,
**THE JUTLAND SCANDAL." VINDICATION OF JELLICOE.
When the time rame for the inevitable combat between the Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet, the British public anticipated the result would be a second Trafalgar, in which the Grand the High Seas Fleet Fleet would
engage in A thrilling combat and wipe it
the Naval and Military Seas, sys Record.
what it Instead of getting
got Jutland. The battle of was as decisive in its
the
rxpected, it
Jutland but these were not
reaults as auch 25
to the
public
immediately apparent
The arst Admiralty announcement re
the battle gave the idea that the had sustained a defeat, and thus prevent-
Te had the public mind and
ed people aceing subsequent reports in their true perspective. It was
It was the view of the
opportunity had and it turned on Lord
been missed, Jellicoe
an
enough dass that he had not shown "Jellicoe had caused the Grand Fleet to turn away from the enemy, and that was enough.
The battle of Juthand has been describ- ed many times. In the official history. "Naval Operations, Vol. 3, Sir Julian Corbett gave a lucid and complete ac- count of the battle; Lord Wellicoe has published his Grand Fleet, in, which we.can view the battle through the Com mander-in-Chief's own eyes; and the Admiralty official carrative apprared
Now
ow mother treatise on the subject is before us; perhaps the most interesting and illuminating of all. Moved to ac tion by what he regards as the unfair attacks on Lord Jellicoe's conduct of
Admil. Sir Re
the Jutland baduced a little book,
ginald Bacon has
entitled "The Jutland Scandal (Hut chinson, 5.), in which he explains the circumstances which governed the action. of both frets in the battle, and the tactics of Jellicoe and Beatty and faults Adml. in conception and execution. Bacon takes the view that Lord. Beatty has been made too much the popular idal at the expense of Lord Jellicoe.
EARL BEATTY CRITICIZED.
11
In setting out the course of the battle and the factors governing it, Adml. Bacon explains the functions of Te various ships, and the methods of em ploying thein, in so clear a manner that the layman may read and understand.. He goes on to describe the action gener- ally, and finally arrives at the follow. ing conclusion:-
to
It (the action) proved what everyone already knew, that you cannot make an enemy fight if he does not want to fight, unless you have greater speed and sufficient daylight in which overtake bim; or unless you can get between him and his harbour and keep there until he does fight. Admiral Jellicoe had neither speed nor sum- cient daylight to force a decisive ne tion, so he adopted the latter course, and bad it not been for the failure.
of ships to report sighting the large ships of the enviny, which it was their very hrst duty instantly to do, the Germans would have been headed off their har hour and brought to action at day- light.
Describing the battle in detail; · Aú- mural Bacon takes Lord Beatty severely to task, not only for his handling of the battle-cruisers in the action, but for his training of the force under bis com- mund. At the end of the first phase of the battle, the "encounter between our battle-cruisers and those of the enemy,
he says:--
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had 14 light cruisers as well as the Fifth Battle Squadron to help him, he had failed to keep touch with the enemy, and was, therefore, unable to report 10 the Commander-in-Chief."
This refers to the first phase of the battle, after the battle-cruisers had been in action and before the Grand Fi was involved. Again, referring to the night action, when the Germans broke through the tail of the British line while scurrying for their home ports, the author says: Two battleships. one light cruiser
→ and five
destroyers all sighted the ener
enemy's large
ships.
All failed to report that the. enemy's battle fleet was passing through the destroyers in the rear of our fleet. nad Adml. Jellicoe received
2 repa from any of the vessels that the German ships were breaking through astern the battle feet could have again been placed in front of the Germans, and would have engaged them at day- light,"
As a non-technical description of the battle, the book is a model of what sich
work should be, but great interest also attaches to as the vindication of Lord Jellicoe as a tactician and the revelation of the faults made by other officers, whose mistakes have been overlooked in the hasty condemnation of the Com- mander-in-Chief by the public.
Much mud has been thrown at Lord Jellicoe. This book should go far to re- Thus ended phase I. of Jutland, when move the last traces and to reinstate a British force was worsted bytish nation at large.
this great seaman in the eyes of the Bri- squadron of one-half its strength, our lossen being two "battle-cruisers, and the Lion badly damaged, while the enemy suffered little. And why? Be- cause our admiral command wes inexperienced and showed no tactical ability. Apparently he forgot existence of the four battleshipe that had been specially put under his com rand, and also the light cruisers that were attached to his feet, At all events, be failed to co-ordinate their "movements with those of the battle-
cruisers.
Admiral Bacon asserts that it is the Amake screen which has been raised by a section of the Press to prevent th British public from learning the truth. about Jutland that constitutes the scand- the al regarding the battle and furnishes He the reason for writing the book says he has been able to verify all the statements and details, and that Lord. Jellicoe has had no hand directly or in- directly in the inception, writing, edit- ing, or publishing of the book.
FACLTLESS BATTLE FLEET TACTICS. Going on to describe the other phases of the battle, Admi. Bacan has naught but praise for the tactics employed by Lord Jellicoe He says: "The battle
Heet tactics at Jutland were without fault. No officer of experience can aug; gest, with reason, any others, which would have better suited the varying tions of the battle. Adml. mancured from a position of disadvant age immediately preceding the battle whereby he crossed
to one of advantage, we impossible to the enemy'q. T. It. force the enemy's Flest to a closer ac- tion than that which was fought, tak ing speed and time into account; be therefore manoeuvred his Fleet into a position between the enemy. and the Ger man barbours, ready to smash them next day,
lay. He also saved his Fleet from a dangerous torpedo attack. In offence and defence he was equally sound.
Vague hints have been thrown out, and eagerly absorbed by the public, that Adml. Beatty bad some maneuvre of his Own which would have ensured the annihilation of the German Fleet. Ap parently, some enveloping movement is adumbrated But all such ideas vanish like moonshine. when
come to be teated
prastically. Wireless communi- cation and
methods of observa-
tion forbid that class of fanciful tactica Morever, had Admi. Jellicoe tried the risky tactic of dividing his Fleet for an enveloping movement when, as it turned out, has enemy was ju position eleven miles different from that, which he had anticipated, and his cruser ad- miral was unable to correct the estimate, he might well have landed his Fleet in irretrievable disaster."
FAILURE OF SCOUTING.
The principal way it which we failed
to make the most of our opportunities. 'at Jutland, Adml. Bacon concludes, was in scouting. He says: The main reason why the battle cruisers" were originated was to" push home a recon-" naissance and report to the Commander- in-Chief; and, although Admal. Beatty (Continued on nezí Column),
1925
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