1924-06-11 — Page 2

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THE AMRITSAR RIOT OF 1919. RUSSO-ASIATIC BANK

JUDGE AND DYING GENERAL.

Much space was devoted in the London papers to the trial before Mr. Justice McCuedia and a special jury, of the libel action brought by Sir Michael O'Dwyer, formerly Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab against Sir C. Sankaran, Nair, at one time a member of the Executive Council of the Viceroy of India Sir Michac] alleged that in a book entitled" "Gandhi and Adarchy" which Sir San÷ karan Nair wrote it was represented that the Lieutenant-Governor was guilty of terrorism and that he was responsible for atrocities in the "Punjab.

Following are a few extracts from the reports of the trial;-

Sir W. Schwabe. K.O. (appearing for the defence), asked Sir Michael if it wa not fact that Genéri. Dyer (the officer in command at Amritsar, who it was stated at the first day's hearing is now hopelessly ill) bad been coulerine anl deprived of his command.

Sir Michael: He was criticised and deprival of his command pot, I, think, on the merits but as a matter of political expediency.

BOMBS AND BLUDGEONS..

Questioned as to the situation' "at Lahore in 1919, Sir Michael said therT was no question of the Indian Aury ris ing. He always, heliaved in the Anuj, but he knew that attempts had beeë made to seduce the Indian troops,

Referring to the sending of an aeru plane to bomb the mob at Ciujranwaja, Sir Walter asked: In your view, did the position justify an acruplane goingrover and dropping boaby promiscuously on the city Not promigenously..

Mr. Justice McCarilie said this was not merely a question of Indian policy. There might be an outbreak in England" and the subject might be "one" of vital import- ance to a Future Home Secretary.

"I cannot see a distinction between a policeman with his bludgeon. a soldier with his rifle, and an aeroplane" with bombs and machine guns if it was en- gaged in dealing with rebellion.".

Sir Walter Schwabe: An airman can- not be certain of his target, and homihs may be dropped on innocent persons.

Dr. Justice McCurdie: If there are no police and no infantry, but there is an acroplane, why should not that be used to maintain order, ou the principle that it is better that a few lives should be taken in order that any lives should he saved!

מנוונין!2

Sir Michael admitted that several per- sons and at least one child were killed by the bombs and machine guns. He would not consider it an atrocity if the believed that the necessity existed and dropped homps.

Sir Michael said, in reply to further questions, that be told General: Dyer that if he had to whip he should consult the civil officer. All the whipping was birching.

Sir Michael O'Dwyer agreed

|

of the greatest insults that bet

I offered jo a man in India were pulling

his beard and beating him with a shoe.

Sir W. Schwabe: It is said- this hap- pened at one place to 15 16 represents live men in 1918 It is alleged that there. were arrest and heating of nine persons to compel them to declare themselves. voluntary recruits.

CONTRARY TO ORDERS.

Sir Michael That is a thing I should' disapprove of entirely. They would not in such a case be voluntary recrșits,

If, as is further alleged, one village was surrounded and all the young men arrested with a view to getting thein to become recruits, that would he rorism Yes, and would have been re- pudiated by me-if I had heard of it.

ter

It is also alleged that two old men were beaten by a police inspector to make the produce their sons as recruits? There were definite orders insted that the" police were in no way to be employed in recruiting, and the allegation therefore is on the face of it false. If these inci- dents happened "they were without my knowledge and contrary to my explicit order*

A discussion took place as to whether the evidence given before the Hanter Commission which investigated the! Amritsar riots-by General Dyer could be put to Sir Michael O'Dwyer in view: of the fact that the general, who is seri-! ously ill, could not be called in court.

Sir W. Schwabe: I am going to say! that what was done on that day at Am- ritsar was an atrocity from any point of view, that it was an afrocity, which had- the innction of Sir. Michael O'Dwyer he- fore it was done, that it had his direct ‚approval after it was done. ...

Mr. Justice McCardie, sal that the case might resolve itself, ere long, into matters which might involve grave con "sequences in Dominian government."" After all, law and order were the supreme necessity.

GENERAL DYEH DEFENDED. Questioned as to whether he consider- ed Geueral Dyer was justified in firing of the crowd of several thousands who had assembled at Amritsar to tako part. in a meeting that had been, proclaimed, Sir. "Michael replied: *** Yes. I think Gener: Dyer was justified in opening fire on the crowd knowing how hostile the crowd was and knowing its charne"," ter."

.

Mr. Justice McCardie, commenting da the position of General Dyer, said he did not think it was properly put General Dyer thought might be sur rounded and cut off by the crowd, and the city get into the hands of the rebels, and, he also said that he had to think of the position of the Eunjah. · In the case of a man with 0 Gurkhas facing a crowd of 35,000 to 20,000 in their state of mind, and after innumerable acta of violence and murdera had been com- mitted, you cannot say one should sit back in an armchair and reflect on an infinite variety of circumstances. A man must make up his mind, and if he thinks he is being surrounded he must act with iron severity. If we have to go (Continued at foot of nezt column).

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into it I want to see that this man who is dying shall have a fair hearing by a living jury.

The hearing was adjourned,

dis

[The hearing, ocenied: 25 days stated to live cost I90,000. -A cable last week stated that Sir Michael O'Dwyer won his case, "obtaining £500 damages and costs, and that the Judge in his sunming" up expressed the opinion thint General Dyer had neted quite rightly and had heon wrongly prшished by the Secretary of State, It was mentioned that, this dramatie vindication caine while the General lay dying. We are told that General Dyer was at one time, stationed in Hongkong as a Staff Officer.]

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