1924-05-31 — Page 2

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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, MAY 31ST, 1924

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HOW MANY WORDS IN ENGLISH SPEECH?

SOME THAT DO NOT APPEAR IN DICTIONARIES.

some

Mr. Frank Vizetelly writing to The Observer from New York in regard very interesting remarks by Mr. C. To Onions on the New English Dictionary Based on Historical Prin- ciples," which is founded on material originally collected by the Philological Society of England, gays:--

In the course of his remarks Mr. Onions said that as far as already pub lished the late Sir James Murray's monu mental work contains 400,000 words, and that the possible total will be 123,000. I am not an expert mathematician, but some time ago, on an occasion which re quired that I make a computation, I found that, as far as the parts were published at the time, more than 300,000 terms, including all the variant, forms, living. archaic, or obsolete, were listed, This computation was made at least ten years ago.

That each one of the variant forms re- corded is to be considered as an English: word cannot be gaingaid, for if one by reading Chaucer, Caxton, Malory, Mandeville, or any other writer of Early English, and come across an unfamiliar word, such a one would naturally turn to the dictionary for an explanation, and, having found it explained, perhaps by 2 more familiar termi, discover that thera are two spellings for the same word. This, in my judgment, constitutes each spelbag as a separate word.

Take, for instance, manyte, which Dr. Bradley noted in the section of the New English Dictionary as a Scottish form, now obsolete. of vanity. To the average reader this term would be a dead letter unless defined; yet, accord- ing to Dr. Bradley, it is a form of the word found in use in Scottish literatura in the sixteenth century. By applying this principle to the number of words re- corded by the New English Dictonary," the 423,000 words referred to by Mr. Onions as comprising its vocabulary will be left far behind.

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TDOTN

In the editing of Funk and Wagnalis New Standard Dictionary no fewer than 513,000 terms of all kinds were critically examined, revised, or defined. Of these, 63,000 were rejected (1) as being dead beyond all hope of revival; (9) as obsole ecent: (3) as of little or no value; aud! (4) as of such rare or specific use as to be outside the scope of a dictionary designed for practical purposes. Had it been desired by the publishers and by Dr. Murray there is tot the least doubt that the vocabularies of our respective Standard English Dictionary," isaned dictionaries could have been increased in 1777. But Walker in bisedi in number to nearly 1,000,000 terms, for tion 1791, noted that he had not it must not be forgotten that the "New met with this word in any of our English. English Dictionary" does not contain dictionaries. He pronounced it "izolate, " the vast vocabulary of terms in sero and was followed by Jones in 1798, Fulton nautics and aviation, the large number and Knight in 1802, Smart in 1940, and in electricity, and that vast technical Wright in 1855 Enfield preferred vocabulary which is restricted in use andissolate," and indicated it in his edi- found chiefly in glossaries of works de- tion of 1807, which pronunciation was voted to particular sciences. Then there also recorded by Dr. Robert Hunter in is the vast wealth of words peculiar to the "Encyclopedic Dictionary," publish our Dominions beyond the seas in Africa, ed by Cassell and Company in 1877. In America, Australia, India, New Zealand, view of the fact that the leading Ameri- and elsewhere..

can dictionaries indicate the pronuncia tion" insolate," Mr. Onions's statement that 00 per cent of the cultured people pronounce the word "eyesolate" is not to be taken as reflecting actual condi tions. Isolate is the pronunciation used by at least 100,000,000 of tho 10,000,000 people in the United States.

SLANO.

Apart from this, there are large vocabularies of various dialects; as, slang and vulgarisms, the criminal and the police world, and the underworld. The language of the submerged tenth and the language of high life below-stairs; the speech of the demi-monde-none of these find place in modern dictionaries. It is true, however, that a few terms that stand out from the rest are recorded, but that vast collection made by Farmer and Henley and published in their "Slang and Its Analogues is ruled out of the pages of all dictionaries designed for the home.

Some of your readers may remember: to story told about Dr. Johnson who was reproached by lady who expressed her astonishment that she could int and words of a certain class in Dr. Johnson's dictionary, to which the gallant Doctor replied that he was surprised to lea that the lady sought for such words. True or not, the story is good enough to bear in mind when one epnsiders the words of the English language in the bulk.

Bailey included a number of good Anglo-Saxon terms in his work, which Jobinson determined to omit because of the advance in British culture, at the tune. Yet he included a number of words which we to-day are compelled to rule out for precisely the same reasou.

RADIO TERMINOLOGY.

14

Since the publication of the section de voted to the letter R. issued under the editorship of Dr. Craigie, a bewildering vocabulary of radio terminology has "been developed, and this includes words that belong to every letter of the alpha. bel, beginning with aerial" and going down to "wave-length." It is sincerely to be hoped that the unconquered ground in lexicography to which you direct at- tention editorially will receive prompt attention after Dr Craigie and Mr. Onions complete the work yet to be dono on the main vocabulary. They should be given' generous financial support to sup- plement this monument of English lite. rature by issuing an additional volume that will contain all the important terms in the arts and sciences and in the lang unge, that have been coined and used while the. Dictionary was in course of passing through the press.

BOLATE

"ISOLATE OR '' IÉBOLATE ''} May 1, with your permission. comment upon the remark made by Mr. Onions on Mr. Shaw's pronunciation of the word isolate" Mr. Onions is reported as saying, I do not understand why Mr. Shaw considers the pronunciation with the long bulgar. It is what 90 per cent of cultured people say." May I point out that things were not always as repre- sented by Mr. Onions Insolate ** was the pronunciation favoured and indicated by Perry in his Royal (Jonlinued on next column;)

22

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