1924-05-09 — Page 8

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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, MAY 9TH 1924.

ENGINEERING PROBLEMS OF

ANCIENT EGYPT,

THE PROBLEM OF THE OBELISKS.

It is quite startling to rncounter a, boek alt the aurient Egyptians which deals, not with the mysteries of their religion, their elaborate funeral arrangements, or their shadowy history, mit with a purely practical activity of their daily life, Whether they built for religine purposes or not, the Egyptians were grent.

builders. That is the essential fact about them. Bil for it we should probably be unaware that they had ever existed. Ang it may he, asserted with confidence that nothing interests the average visitor to Egypt sol much as the practical' question of how their mighty buildings were put up. Hosa, for instance, were the Pyramids com pleted with such mathematical accuracy How were the great manoliths for the) Cemde pillars quarried from the living) rock by people who back and steel? How pwere they afterwards transported from the marries and perd in positing ou their pedestals I

To these question, every tourist, 'ne- ! cording to his temperament, ingrets his www.reply. It is happy hunting ground for the crack and the gabbler in the Soerult that bane of the serious

dent as Mr. Engelbach calls him. Fit From the serious stolent himself, the Egyptological expert who ought to know, we get hardly any gablice at all. Egyptologists, as Mr. Engelbach com plains, think only of papyri and" inscrip- tions, and the contents of tombs. It has | been alleged against them that they will

ruthlessly remove architectural featuresį in the hope of finding a roll of papyri

Pains in the Stomach, Diarrheoa, Dysentery, Colic and Bowel Complaint

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a mummy underneath. They have nevis taken the trouble: to investigate. the granite quafries at Assouan, because, as Mr. Engelbach shrewdly deserves, the s Pquarrieseniane not likely to afferd good mansetin pinta It is a serious 若い proach, nii we fear that it is not under-

served

GRELINKS.

Mev BúgeBarli, then, in his special! study of shellska- their quarry it g, truss portation and erection-has the field almost to Linself, and the result is n most interesting and delightful little hook. He begins at the quarry, and there he has a very valuable pière of evidence in the form of an enormous obelisk. Jonger than any other that we know of. and more than twice as heavy, which has never been completely" rroved from the rock. At the last mociut, flaws (which are now plainly to be seen) were disavver. ed in the granite, and the ancient Egyptian workmen, after mouths of heary toil, were constrained to leave the obelisk still attached to the rock, surrounded by the deep trench which they had hacked out in order to remove it.

Am to their quarrying tools Mr. Engelbach is clear that they had no steel, We know all the Egyptian words for metals, and none of them suld be ap- plied to it. But their chisels must have been made of some very hard metal. harder than the hardened copper that they used for razors-in fact, some metal that we do not know. In addition to chisels and wedges. they need for their quarrying "pounders or balls of hard deferite, attached to ruaniers, to bruise away the stringe. These unders were exclusively used for making the sides of the obelisk smooth. For levelling they employed what we call boring rods." some of which have been found in the arries. It took them overfour months, working twely hours a day, to make the preliminary trenches and right months to detach the obelisk from below. Then came the problem of removal, and here at last six thousand men, would be rel Cuired The Euyptians knew nothing of winches, and hardly anything of pulleys. "way would be cut out of the quarry, and the obelisk would be rolled down the hill until it rested upon a sledge which had been previously buried in the sand. The sledze, either on a greased track or ow wheels Mr. EngeBach thinks the latter was more usual), would be dragged to the river, where a hont had bee Similarly bugtend in the bank.

FUNDS REQU“ PRED,

Arrived at its destination, the usually accepted theory is that a bark would be gradually built up under the obelisk with the assistance of levers until it was tilted ar to its pedestal in an upright position. Mr. Engelbach will have none of this. The method would be too inaccurate There is one existing obelish that of Queen latud at Mathria-which stands askew upon its ins. All the others have slipped acurately into the prepared Kris Mr. Engelbaeli's theory is thu a large mound was built right over the site, with a funnel in the middle, shaped like the funnels through which wine is poured into bottles, and with its thin end finishing over the base on which the adelink was forest. This funnel wism filled with loose sand, and the obelisk was dragged to the top of the mind and slipped into it. Then the sand was gradually removed through a passage dug tout below until the monument stood preet

is kitu.

He

For his investigations at the quarries Mr. Engelbach has been allowed by the Egyptian Government 'up to date a total sum of about "Keventy-six pounds, estimates that for about 1500 really ceanprehensive study of ancient Egyptian quarrying could be made." It seems un- kely that he will ever get it.-C. WILKINSON in Spectator.

SATINGS OF A WEEK. -

Women take the very singular view that if a man commits murder he ought to be hanged.—Mr. Justice-Roulatt) //

Idealism is the root of all genuine and. constructive reform, and without it there can be no progress.-Cunon Alexander

Speaking generally, boys are better be haved and mom civil than in their father's time-Mr. M. L. Jocks",

Our women-writers look like boy angels without wings, and they write like fallen angels without asterisks.-Mr. A. Work-

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