1924-03-04 — Page 5

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THE HONGKONG DAILY FRESS, TUESDAY, MARCH år, 1924.

EARTHQUAKES EXPLAINED. COLLISION ON THE TAIPO

HONGKONG'S PROSPECTS OF

**

IMMUNITY.

When Captain Elliot and his congeners, in 1839, decided that the little island of Hongkong, in the eastera entrance of the Cayton River, is admirably suited for every perpest," and took the steps which led to the island becoming a British Colony, they builded better than they probably knew. For the scientific study of peology has developed only in recent years and it is unlikely that Capt. Eliott, er Loni Palmerston, knew what Dr, S.

(2) "It is not near one of the great. ocean deeps";

ROAD.

MOTOR-CAR GOES OVER AN EMBANKMENT.

The

motor-ear

TERRIBLE ACCIDENT'AT

HOLTS WHAEF.

|

ST PAUL'S COLLEGE.

SIR CLAUD SEVERN PRESENTS THE PRIZES.

We must again record our grateful thanks to Miss Pitts for her kind help in teaching Scripture in Class 1, through-I out the year, and to Miss Bascombe Sir Claud Severn (the Colonial Secre-Fand Mr. Chan Kwan Lam for helping: tary) distributed the prizes at St. Paul's us in time of need. It is impossible to College yesterday evening. The Bishop of express how much the school owes to the Victoria was also present. The concert steady pledding work of the members of and presentations took place in the court- the Stuff who undertake with auch ready yard of the College, in which a tem- cheerfulness the daily, round, the com Porary stage and stands were erected.

Sir Claud said he had to congratulate

mon task."

In a collision between a motor-cycle and side-car and a Ford motor-ear on the road near Taipo on Sunday, the swerved down the embankment into a paddy field some fourteen feet below the levet of the road. The car fortunately escaped damage and its occupants-Mr.

The moral and religious aide of the Andrew Harper, Mr. and Mrs. A. Call concorned in arranging for a fine work, which to some of us figures most Barford and child, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. evening. When he was first asked to pre-prominently, has been kept well to the Prickett, Miss Prickett and Miss Jennie sent the prizes, a month ago, the cere- fore. Several of the boys have been I. Schofield. F.R.S.C., toh ar audience Reynolds-escaped injury. A gang of mony had to be postponed on account of baptised during the year and one, we at the Helena May Institute inst even-coolies soon pulled the car back on to

the inclemency of the weather. There rejoice to say, has decided to enter the ing-that Hongkong bas reasonable pro- the road, and this done the journey was

was a great deal to be said for holding | Theological College with a view to being pects of immunity from violent earth continued. The motor-cycle was slightly the proceedings in the open air. He was prepared for Holy Orders. He makes the quakes (although tremors may be felt- | damaged.

glad the school authorities were going to fifth of our students to take this step. and were--no longer ago than 1917). The

build an extension to the chapel, with Much useful work has also heer done by ball underneath it. He was also glad the students. The free school at Cause- reasons for this probable immunity are:-

(1) Tiongkong is not located near

to see a new building on the right of way Bay has been kept going largely by the school's site, and hoped there would the subscriptions of the boys and a Christ- mountain chain; young

soon be one on the left to take the place mas entertainment was also given out of of the present buildings, which had, as the sale fund. The free night school, it were, outlived their purpose.

carried on in these buildings, by the Hostel boarders has had another auccess- ful year, and the boarders may well be congratulated on the zeal and perserver- ance they have shown in carrying on this useful work for a number of years. Every Thursday evening a band of the senior students has gone regularly to the French ing Hall in Hollywood Road and address. ed large numbers of men, while others have helped in taking Sunday School classes, singing in the Church choir, etc.. During the summer holidays a summer school was held in these premises, in con- junction with a number of others carried on in different parts of Hongkong under the auspices of the YMCA., and several

part of a month tó teaching and giving à happy time to small boys and girls off the streets. Altogether 125 children were enrolled and they were taught to rend Chinese, drill, basket work, needle work, and, what was perhaps as good as any! thing else, how to play games.

(3) It is not near any volcanoes. Dr. Schofield reached these conclusions by a series of interesting steps. First touching on the ascription by the ancients of earthquakes to the writhings of Titans prisoned under the mountains by the gods," Dr. Schofield said that in later times science had attempted to give a more rational, if less remuantic account of their drigin. The general cause of earth- quakes, he said, is the pollapsing of the earth's crust in an attempt to ́ ́adjust itself in a shrinking interior. This, and the resultant settling of the crust brings about three phenomena: (1) formation of mountain chains; (2) settling of the ocean deeps; (3) the extrusion of lava." Ocean deeps," the lecturer explain-

A large quantity of the cargo of the 8.3. Heungshan, the river steamer which was beached near Junk Rock after going aground, has been recovered. The H-1 bour Office has issued a notice to all masters of river steamers informing them of the position of the stranded vessel and requesting them to pass the spot at slow speed, owing to the fact that the vessel is straining heavily,

||

CORRESPONDENCE.

"HIS LORDSHIP.

[TO TER EDITOR OF THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS."]

This concluded Si Claud, was the best attended prize distribution he had attended in Hongkong, and the fact illustrated the feeling the scholars and their parents had for the headmaster and the staff. He was gratified to read in the report that students were being taught to help others. By so doing they were carrying" out the Christian ideal, and he hoped the good work would develop as it deserved to develop (Applause.)

THE ANNUAL REPORT.

The annual report began by saying: Sis, I presume that your correspon--To-right wo completo fifteen years dent will be satisfied with the Clerical of the present school's existence in

e. are vast depressions in the bed of Directory from which he borrows his St. Paul's College and it is satisfactory of the Staff and boys gave up the best nom-de plume as sufficient authority in to be able to report further advance in settling the matter to which he refers.

the excau, which siak as low as 30,000 feet below the surface of the ocean. There are the Tuscarora Deep, off the

east of Japan; the Challenger Deep, of the Philippine Islands; the Bartho- lomew Deep, off the coast of Chili, and

any others.

"DEEP CALLETH UNTO DEEP." Dr. Schofield went on to explain that the Solid and masses of the globe-the continental segments-and the land under" the ocean-in each case to a depth of 12 miles or so are in a state of poise over a potentially liquid substratum" (Le., if the pressure above were removed, the central mass of the earth would be come liquid.) The continental segments and the oceanic segments are balanced in such a way that any transfer of material from the continental segment, For example, to the occante segment, by erosion, is counteracted by movement of matérial from the base of "the oceanië As mass towards the land mass.

The continental and the oceanic seg- moats of the earth are Jontrasted not. only by position-the one high, the other low-but also by composition, the con- tinents being made up of light rocks such as granite, slate, limestone, sandstone, etc., and the oceanic segment of heavy rocks such as basalt. It is because land rocks are lighter than ocean bed rocks that the whole earth is not covered by water to a depth of two miles.

THE EARTH BECOMING SMALLER.

|

Not only are inequalities of surface necessary to the existence of dry land, but the inequalities must be adjusted from time to time or the land aren would dis- appear.

This renewal bas heen made again and again in geological history is movements which have given rise to the anountain chains of the world. The earth is becoming smaller by shrinkage. Thus the upper part of the earth's crust must be aqueezed into smaller space produc- ing horizontal compression in the crust. Where will this vast pressure be relieved? In the wenkest part of the earth's crust, which is where there are thick deposits of weak sediments along the edges of the continents. The balance of the oceanic segment and the continental segment has been destroyed by the transfer of material from the continent into the tea. The earth's crust is strong enough to with. stand a certain pressure, but when this is exceeded the cruat must give way along its wenkest portion. Hence the periodic ity of mountain building.

The earth's erpat gives way where it has, been weakened by the de- position of a great thickness of weak sediments. Hence the sediments are

several directions,

If he will consult that useful volume, be ATTENDANCE-Both enrollment and at On will find the words "Lord Bishop attendance have shown improvement.

after the title "Victoria, Hong

kong

The only copy of "Crockford" I can find readily is that for 1916-17, but I have no reason to believe that any change has been made since that date.Yours, etc.,

Hongkong, March 3rd, 1924.

N.E.

ין

The sediments for the formation of the sedimentary rocks, which make up the young mountains, have been derived from the decomposition and wearing down of a neighbouring land mass by running water. In other words, to form a mountain chain one must be destroyed to furnish the material.

4th December there were 453 names on the roll and 478 in actual attendance, both of which figures are the highest yet recorded. The average attendance has also show improvement, being 88 per cent. for the whole year and over 63 per cent, for the last four months. Also 47 the year; of these seven have now attend students have had an unbroken record for od two full years without missing a single day, while of two others one, Loh Chi Hing, has done the same for three years and another, Chan Ping Kani, for four years.

Another new venture this year has been the forming of a troop of Scouts in the school under Scoutmasters C. D. Becher and S. P. Wong. Though still young the troop has shown much activity, having a good account of itself at an inter-troop been already to several camps and given competition recently held.

It is not usual to sound a hoto of sad- ness in a report such as this, but we can-. nof leave unmentioned the loss so re cently sustained by the school in the STUDENTS. On the whole good work Home call of Mr. George Banker who for has been done in all the classes which the past four years has been a member has been reflected in the results of they of the College Council and firm friend recent Locals Examinations, especially in of the school when the Extension Fund the Junior Division in which we had 78 was started for building the Hostel, be per cent. passes, a great advance on last not only consented to be the treasurer but also collected subscriptions and him- One noticeable improvement has been self contributed largely to the fund. in the handwriting throughout the lower To another member of

year.

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From form to form and nothing half of the school. There has been a Council, one who from the earliest days THE CHINA DISPENSARY

The bills are shadows aud they flow

stands: They melt like mista--the solid lands

Like clouds they shape themselves

and go."

are

lato the core of the rising mountain chain vast quantities of molten granite are intruded. Later these maskes exposed by the erosion of their ecdiment ary roof or cover. Such has been the origin of the granites of Hongkong.

fortnightly inspection of exercise hooks, of the school has been a staunch support with marks given for neatness, and aer and friend, Mr. S. W. Tso, we extend Challenge Shield presented to the best the most hearty congratulations of the class, which has led to very satisfactory whele school on the well-earned honour.

he has just received in the form of an results.

SPORTS have, as in the past, played an Honorary Degree at the University. This important part in the school's activities, school owes a deep debt of gratitude to We were particularly gratified at win- Dr. Tao over a period of many years and ning, for the second time, the Challenge we are glad of the opportunity of making Shield presented by H.E. the Governor public acknowledgment of it, and all the to the school winning most points in the

more because his life exemplifes what The lecturer went on to say that when Annual Schools' Sports and also at we never cease to emphasise in this the folding of the earth's surface, under winning the Relay Race in the same school, and that is that the best life is horizontal pressure, to which he had re- ferred, takes place, the folding continues Sports. We had many times been second the life spent in service for others. It but had never before won this race. we thought that in this school we were beyond the point of relieving pressure- There was no Football League this equipping boys only for money making because the moving masses are so huge.

year, but we have retained the trophies and worldly success we should have small A reaction or acttling-back takes place for the volley ball and basket bali satisfaction in the work, but each evi- usually it short, sharp movements spread

leagues. Inter-cines games were also dence of a willingness to give up some- over a vast length of time. These move organised and keenly contested and many thing for others, of a desire to serve. meals produce the earthquakes, so co-friendly matches played with other others, gives an added impetus to our mod along the "young" mountain chains teams. Swimming, too, was as popular joy in the work and an increased stimulus of the world. The fractures associated as over during the summer and though to press forward to the "ideal we have with these earthquakes have a direction

no notable.swimmers were produced, we set before ourselves in our school parallel to the trend of the mountain

closed the season with close upon one song, "to send from these walls a noble chain. The mere fact that the fractures hundred who had passed the swingingband who will work for the good of their are gaping crevasses shows that the

country," earth's crust is in, a condition of tension.

EXTENSION In the way of bricks and or stretching, following the period of mortar we zote, a further step in advance compression during which the mountain

and it is with feelings of great satis- chain was formed,"

Coming to the second cause of earth-faction that we see the beginnings of the WOMAN PRISONER'S ESCAPE enlargement of the College Chapel and quakes-associated with the settling Ting Fang Hall, which we have long along the great ocean deeps-Dr. Scho needed. In fact it is just four years ago field said this settling took place much that Sir Claud Severn referred to this more frequently than the formation of extension, on just such an occasion 5 mountain chains and caused a stretching this, and it was largely through his kind along the borders of the ocean deeps,

offices that the preliminary stages were relieved by intermittent breaking of the

taken whereby we obtained the necessary earth's crust, causing tremors or earthland. We hope that this extension will quakes. Where the ocean doops wore in now give sufficient accommodation to seat day and evaded the police for one day close proximity to land; the earthquaken the whole school for morning prayers and by hiding herself in the basement of the were the cause of much destruction to

to make into a physica lahatory.

test,

FROM DOCK..

TOOK REFUGE IN A BUNDLE OF HATE.

Interesting details have come to light s to how the woman prisoner (a Chi- nese) held on a charge of poisoning her husband, escaped from the dock on Fri-

slowly compressed,. into hugo arches and life and property. The Tuscarora "Deep,roll-call, while the ground floor we hope Magistracy. It was first thought that

basing (as when a sheet of paper or cloth is pressed together at the edges). The arches rise out of the sea as a series of long folds, parallel to the shore of the continent. The "young mountain chains of the world are made up of sedi mentary_rocks of great thickness, yield- ing fossil shells typical of the period when they formed part of the ocean bed. BEA-SHELLS ON MOUNTAIN TOPS EXPLAINED. Even on Mount Everest the intrepid explorers have found fossil shells of Mesozoic age, embedded in the rocks at the height of 20,000 feet, which shows conclusively that the rocks of Mount Everest were deposited in the seas grave), sand and shells; later slowly fall ed into mountain chains and raised to their present height. (Not, be it under- stood, in any brief space of time: the lecturer estimated that the time, which has elapsed since, the formation of the coast range of Canada is 15 million years of the Appalachians, 20 milion; of the Rockies, 6 million, and of Hang- kong ranges, 15 million years.)

Lantinued at foot of next column.).

+

off the coast of Japan was, so far as

S-The usual many changes have the woman had made a clear escape from known, the largest as well as the deepest taken place on our Staff. In the spring the Magistracy, and afterwards from the. of these vast sinks, so that Japan in the Miss Baker left us to return to her home precincts of the Central Police Station. past had been, and, would be in the in Australia and Mr. Peter Chan to con- A very thorough search of the basement was conducted by a number of Police future, the scene of devastation by earth-tinue his studies in the U.3.A. In the quake.

ammer Mr. Bailey left us to take up Officers including the storeroom in which The third cause of earthquakes was missionary work in the centre of Chine, he was eventually found. All the atores connected with violent volcanic activity while later on we lost the services of were turned over, bundle by bundle with Again one had to come back to the idea Messrs. Fok Nai Hang, Yeung Kwai Chiu the exception of one bundle of bats which. stood in a corner. As the searchers could, of a crust adjusting itself, to a shrinking and Chang Sik Yan, interior. The settling of the occanic In their place we have been glad to practically see all round the bundle, the segments forced the lays to rise at the welcome Mr. C. L. Bocher, who arrived hats were not disturbed. So the police junction of the two segments. If the lava from England in the spring, Miss Pile went away, and searched furiously else- had a free, escape-as at Kilaven, near who came to us in the summer, and Mra. where. On Saturday afternoon a coolie Honolulu, there were no tremors, but if Lack who joined us in September. Also had occasion to go into the storerpom to the pipe was blocked for any longth of two of our old boys,' Mcsere Ho Ka, draw stores He attempted to move the time and great pressure accumulated Lan and U Wing Chan, the former of bundle of old hats and found them extra- underneath the cap, violent explosions when had taken his degroo at Bt. John's ordinarily heavy. On investigating fur- might take place, giving rise to earth- College, Shanghai

ther he found the woman concealed right quakes.

In November our Staff was greatly in the centre of the bundle of caps, which Bir Claud Bevern, who presided, in strengthened by the advent of Mise surrounded her completely. introducing the lecturer, mentioned that Bendeinek whose name as an education- Dr. Schofield comes from the University alist is well known in Hongkong, and is rather a mystery as the door was lock- of British Columbia to make a geological soon after, by the return from leave of cd. She is thought to have climbed survey of Hongkong for the Colonial Mr. E. G. Stewart. We are also glad to through the fan light over the door which,, Government. At the close Dr. Schofield welcome three of last year's students into by the way, was well out of her reach. was heartily thanked for his interesting our Staff, Messrs. Fok Wing Kai, Hung If she did this her effort is looked upon address.

Do Cho and Mok Yuk Kwan.

by the police as a prodigous one.

How the woman got into the storeroom:

82, QUEEN'S ROAD C

EAST OF CENTRAL- MARKET.

ENGLISH COLUMBIA RECORDS

D1378 (MOTHER MACHREE.

WITHIN THE GARDEN OF MY HEART

D1403 THE TWO GRENADIERS

(CHOBUE, GENTLEMEN

D1417/FATHER OFLYNN

ROCKED IN THE CRADLE OF THE DEEP

11

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D1437

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