1923-10-04 — Page 4

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FAMILY LIFE IN CHINA.. Mr. Chao Hsin Chu, the Charge “W’Affairés in London, in a paper prepared for the Centenary of the Royal Asiatic Society in London made inter afin the following observations—

DEGREES OF CONSANGUINITY. '.

illustrations--yon will appreciate the SENSATIONAL ARMS TRAFFIC significance of friendship much more if CASE AT SHANGHAI, you read Chinose history and live in China to observe its practice, So-called ALLEGED CONSPIRACY WITH ADML life and death friendship exists between some people--one may be realy gladly to die for his friend when duty calls: he is not afraid of jumping into the fire on falling by the sword.

remained in hinable, life, -

INDESTRY AND THRIFT

4.

No-one in China would marry another who is in the same family, and has the

Friendship in its highest aspects is same name, "uo matter how distnut thei

also practised on lines which merit ad relationship and even if he could not trace it back. There is an unwritten lawmiration." The man who becomes mich in China probibiting marriage between never forgets his friend who is poor, and the man who attains-high rank over same family name. people having the Some people marry cousins of a different altera bis demeanour or changes his man family mune, but these cases are stillers when he meets a friend who has very low and they are criticised by cus tom. Even a man from the North would

Industry and thrift represent the pre not marry a girl from the South if he knew that the latter bad the same ente, tical life of the people at large in China, Confucius taught: marriage among They work hand and they never complain people with the same family onque migans ¦ of hard work, and of what they earn they that descendants will not he micros." save, a large part for any emergency. This may be one of the main eneses of will give you a quotation from the Clas the nusrats population of China. sies: -" One year a good harvest will per- mit a reserve of lood for three years, nel Adultery is the chief of all vices. This three years' consecutive goal props will is a generni saying among all classes of wave food for nine years." This is an people ind particularly the villagers, example drawn from agriculture, så y Augone" committing adultery is condenaca imagine how the people work and ed' by relatives and neighbours, and has earn and save in China. no face left to live in the community which he has associated." In the old days. a widow, of a respectabte family, did not ré-mirey; although there was no such prohibition hy law, only, by "custom, Moderation was the great virture prae- tised by Society. The State and the community equally admired the virtue of moderation Arches of marble and wood. en memorials are erected in honour of it, am edicts or mailates are often isshed to honour particular cases.

ADMARATION OF MODEILATION,

AN AGRICULTURAL NATION.

CONTENTMENT:

THE "RANEE" DISASTER.

OWNERS OF LOST VESSEL

LITIGATION.."

"STARK AND OTHERS.

CAPTAIN'S BŘEACH OF DUTY. DEFENDANT GIVES EVIDENCE. ~

"I is not want to say anything to entire .. The US, Court for China (Judge.C, S. greater pain to the Captain of the Boil Labingier on the bench) sat until 7 o'clock | Lut than is necessary. No doubt his eyg on September 27th hearing evidence, in conscience has severely punished him for h's breach of duty; but 1 can accept in my the conspiracy case against Laurence D.

way as an extrauation of his conduct the Kearns.

fact that he was overworked and was The charges, tipps

For that he, on November 2nd, 199, obliged to snatch sleep when he "ch and, uped several days thereafter, at get it. If he was unable to do his dutý Shanghai,in the Republic of China, did so as to safeguard the lives of his crew unlawfully, wilfully, knowingly, malic and passengers, and the safety of other iously and feloniously conspire, combine, people using the sen, he had no right to... confederate and agree with our Admiral asunie' command of the vessel at all. Stark, George A. Mayer, Harry Horowitz | is perhaps, apparently, a hard thing to lay and Y. T. Foo and others whose names are low, but goles such as vale prevails the unknowa to commit an offenge against the | safety of pede at sen would be imporilai United States of America, "to wit know in a way that would be most improper," ingly, unlawfully and felonicusly trade With these words the Chief Justice, Se

contraband articles of merchandise, to Walter Shaw, in the Supreme Court güv.......... wit machine-guns, bayonets, rides, cart- ridges, pistols, revolvers, field artilleryment for the owners, muster and crew pieces and other arms, ammunition and of the Straits Steamship Company's steaia- munitions of war in violation of treaties er hunce, again the owners of the Sin between the US Government and the Stoom Navigation Company' Burikat,

The action was the sequel to the sinking Government of China:

".

Also, in pursuance of said conspiracy. did agree, contruct. covenan; bargain of the Ranee in collision with the "Borlet and trade with Que Adairal Tu and the on the night of March 14th off the ext agent of the said Admiral Tu for the coast of Johsire when fifteen of the Range's sale and delivery to him of contraband crow and sixteen of her passengers fest their lives Captain C. Varyll Robinson, urticles of merchandise;

The

Also on or about aforesaid date, on car of the vessels of Admiral Stark'e fleet Senior Naval Officer, at with the

Chief Justice as Nautical Asser, plaintiffs were represented by Mr. C. Dick. inson, and the defendants by Mr. E. A

The people are easily contented, What they want is simple living, even the bare moans of subsistence; they do not trou-lying near Wecsung. Forts, did purchase ble very much about luxurious existence. from the said Admiral Stark said areas, "deliver kame to Admiral Tuat Nanking." can give you an anecdote in point. Ammunition, etc., and did transfer and mau was brought up in the wilderness, Mr. Husar (District Attorney), pro- where the weather was exceedingly collecuted, with Mr. Stirling Fessenden. One day he went out into the sunshine Defendant was represented by Ms to get "warm and he enjoyed it, but C. S. Franklin and F. P. Faison, thought that its existence was a "secret,

Stevens..

The evidence taken at the Marine. Court' of Enquiry following the disaster wit, he Agreement, taken as the basis of the pr ceedings. The suggestion that the action of the Chief Offeer of the dance was pri- marily responsible for the collision was made by counsel fer the defence, but His Lordship, in the course of his judgment, completely exonerated the dauer and her officers from blame. »

DEPENDANT'S EVIDENCE. Giving evidence, defendant said he was so he rushed to the palace to tell his Kiuge, years old and came to Shanghai in ahout it. This is only a little ithustration, 1918. He had been in the Far East forty of course, inapplicable to modern life but years, up and down the coasts of China. At one time, said Kearny, he was pavigat: the underlying idea still exists, showing ing effeer in the Chinese Imperial Navy that the people are simple, and content. He had worked for the Shanghai Tag and Confucius taught: "One who is content Lighter Company, the Standard Oil Co. is never in embarrassment." According started a stearnship Company of his own,

mation Bureau and mentioned several sufficient,

her enterprises, Last year he starti the Kearny Company.

Agriculture is considered the mest in- portant industry in the country. Under the old regime every year the Emperor in person ploughed the land first, and so the Queen attended in person to the silk works, both thas setting an example, for to classical teaching, happiness is to be inaugurated the China Credit and Infor found by the Registrar,upon enquiry to be

CONDEMNATION OF MILITARİSзÍ.

the people to folow. Local officials acted sought in the individual mind, and not similarly in the provinces and districts, in material conditions and surroundings. "regarding it as a most important duty. In other words, the individual should be This system can be traced back several satisfied with his wordly lot. Hence the thousands of years in history." The chief popular acceptance even of poverty and duty of a magistrate is to see that the humble position. The poor man looks for farmers had good crops and the land bis happiness in himself. The content taxes were duly collected in his districtment of the people in general is a great Agricultural products, particularly food contribution toward the maintenance or stuffs, wore considered, the most import. the national well-being and the avoid- ant for the people and rightly so, Chias|ance of interual troubles. should, in my opinion, remain the agricul tural country which she now is. An aver

A common saying is: "A good son does age family owns and cultivates its fields. not want to become a soldier." There. are four classes of people in China, Moreover, every villager has his owa house, no matter how mall, and his farely. Scholar, Farmer, Lalourer, and Merchant. There is no room for the ing implements and animals. In his har solier class in the community. The vest, figure in English mouer. he has people are lovers of peace and tranquil perhaps only a few gaineas in value, but lity. Mencius anys: The hest fighter it means afluence to him This can well should percive capital punishment." atisfy his wants and he is really happy. Militarisin was looked down upon in his In fact. agriculture sometimes makes n

tory. The Militarists and bandits at pre- country better and produces better citi

sent in China are the worst type and are zens. There is room for agitation, looked down upon by all the four classes there are no revolutionary tendencies and of people. Still, according to history, no dynamic outbursts, and there is no

bad elements in society always only exist execsa. The nation remains in, or is

for a short period of time: They will kept in, static development. What we should aim at is to improve agricultural sooner or later. he overthrown by the lenders of the Civil classes and then the methods, to introduce new farming imple: Golden Age will appear. ments, to extend irrigation, in order to avoid famine, and to regulate the rivers and canals in order to obviate floods. All this can be done in time. Meanwhile the agricultural life of the people should ho continued in harmony with economic developments aimed at exploiting the wealth of the country, which will contri- bute to the happiness of the commusty

at large.

Á CEREMONIAL COUNTRY.

Detailing his history up to the time of his re-engagement with the Chines

ns: Adviser at Nanking. Admirality Kearny said that Admiral Tu gure him the joy because of his former connection with the Chinese Imperial Navy. Ho way offered 8900, allowances and expenses and after some consideration accepted the post.

H Lordship made na onter condemning the Hart for the account of damages

THE CROSS-EXAMINATION, Cross-examined by the District Attorney, the witacus was asked what he made out of this little job."

Witness: I got 83,500-a bonus. Does this the job with the Russian fleet one under the classification of "extras i should think it did.

You say you reported this matter, to the police and Customs-I did report the matter to the police, but the Customis know. I have never found them very much asleep yet.

XO MORE ASHORE.

The District Attorney: Does Admiral

CONFERENCES WITH ADMIRAL TU. Kearny said that he had several confer ences with Admiral Tu regarding the Rassisa refugees of Admiral Stark's fleet, He said he found out through secret sources that the Russians were selling Presied to enlarge his statement that arms and ammunition to anybody that he report the doings of the Britis

authorities, Korny said 750 MAH bombs: wanted to buy them-to sampan men and traffickers en the Itussing ships to the anybody.

He saw Admiral Stark and told him were brought into Shanghai. Det, Jusp. that the Chines Navy had instructed bim Givens had that ease, because witzes gave to tell him that he could not sell any more him all the information. arms and they were going to confiscate to you say, with reference to your the arms. Admiral Stark asked him if position as adviser to the Navy, that they the Chinese Navy would pay for them andare in need of a qualified nautical man he said he did not knew, but be thought like yourself -(Witness): I should think they would pay him for supplies of oil they me. They need some ong, and did

the other day. Your stopped me from! and cral, etc.

Admiral Stark could not talk English. geing. Laughter.) He raid I could go! continued Kearny, and Horowitz, whom war they wanted a Chinese ship the ther The District Attorney: Unfortunately he had employed a interpreter, could not day taken to the relief work." talk Russian. The interpretation, was done by Cant. Forman, chief of the staff this trial had to take place,

Kearny went on to £ay

that the There are many other factors, though of the Ruerian Fleet.

Kearny said that he knew together Chinese Navy could get no other Ame I cannot enumerate them all, owing to with the Chinese Navy officials, from ricans to take up this advisory work considerations of time, and I regret that secret wrvice information that various during his absence. They saw that every. I am compelled to emit more especially agents of Southern fections were trying body was getting into trouble.

to buy the arts and ammunition from those which are subject to criticism Thus, it is suggested that sometimes too Admiral Stark and were prepared to end much attention is attached to family the boat to Amoy, which was at that relationship to the disadvantage of public tiro fighting against the Central Govern. Tu think act of you, and are you suru obligations. But, after all, the country ment. Finally, Kearny told Admiral he appreciates your work?-(Witness): I has been able to carry sa for thousands Stark that they could not buy the arms. have never had any trouble with Admirit of years, and hence the family life on etc., but would pay him money for oil Tu True, I have not had much to do Ceremony is universally observed by which the social fabric has been built up coal and supplies.

with them lately. As soon as I get my the people in China. In any given com- must contain something really good and munity there are various kinds of cereworth perpetuation. It is for this reason vanerd Admiral Stark some money on a maid of a ship and I will never stay Capt. Chu, of the Chinese Navy, ad- hands cleaned I am going to take com- monics, some of them inspired by good that I more especially ask you to concen- Cadillac motor car which the Flect had en ashore again." (Laughter.) idens, though some of them are intoler-trate your attention on its good. point board, and the same night $2,000 was paid Reminded by the District Attorney able. The "Kow Tow" has heen I have endeavoured to make it clear that to defendant, $1.500 of which was handed that the witnesses for the prosecution had abolished since the new regime came into the family unit system in China is quite to Capt. Formin. The mater-car was stated that Admiral Tu was in Shanghai, existence withr one exception-it is different from the practice in other coun occasionally used when paying one's tries, especially in the West, where, I now, at the Kinoznan Arsenal, said witness ejaculated. They are lying. Those uns den's knew the difference in, respect to parents. This, I think, is believe the State comes first and family

In a long statement, Kearny mentioned rank between an admiral and a general. quite justified. As regards the Wedding Afterwards. Still, however much I re- Ceremony, the Funeral Ceremony and aneet the Western point of view, I could he was told by Admiral Stark that I say that they are nothing but a bunch Horowitz had made an offer of $250,000 of bums. Cochran was never anything ceremonial usage ist festivals and recep not advise any attempt to break up the for the arms provided he get 25 per cent, but a beach-comber. Why should I intro- tions, these follow written records and are rocial system on which our national life of the proceeds.

duce a bum like that to an' Admiral, supe still practised in society, but even some has gen huilt up. What we should do of thems are modified and are less com is to enlarge the idea of family relation.

**NOT ONG COPPER CA

sing ono was with me? Did you ever give. Horowitz n Etter. plicated nowadays under the Republic. ship-broaden it into the public interest. Kearny was interrupted by the Judge Mr. Kearny -No. China, however, is an ancient country. Let me refer you, in conclusion, to and in reply to question stated emphati

TELLING THE WORLD.' permeated with formalities, and therefore the teaching of Confucias on this point. cally that he had tiever naid one cupper no matter what change there may be in Taking the individual as a unit, he taught cash to the Rasians. The slicques work Was he in your condence I'll teli the form of Government, will remain a that one must make himself good in order not paid, in gold to anybody. They were the world be was not, ceremonial.country, and this largely helps to set an example for the members of tent from Ninking and Capt. Chu You are not lying?--I am not a doubl to maintain the social fabric therein his family to follow, so that they as a endorsed them. Five chiques making a croster. I can prove that one of thos's family might also be good. His family total of 802cm were sent altogether. men is a crcok, a fine and a ganhafer, The maintenance of friendship is prae would then set an example for other Capt. Forman received the mones He can bring an action for libel against tired largely in the community It Families to folios, and then when all the Most of the guns, said Kearny, were me if he likes. I can prove it. The imperative, to keep a promise. I can cite families in the country, one by one, could rendered useles by the Russians. They police know that he is a crcok. He is n one came in bistory. In the Dynasty of be so characterised, the land would be had taken off the bleeks and had thrown gun-runner at Chungking (essation a Han, two youths, one named Chang and well-governed. The same principle could them into the gen. The only thing Court), the other Fan, both studied in the same he applied, of course, to make the world bought was a range-finder for Capt. Chu. On being called to order by the Court. University and when they departed Fas good, since one good country would act for which he paid $200 and, which was witness declared that he could not help feeling indignant, when that class of meir saked Ching to pay him a visit in his the example for the others to follow. Fol-worth $4,000.

Mr. Franklin Was there any secret were brought against, him as witnesCA village after the lapse of two years. The lowing this teaching, the Chinese family

The District Attorney You prefer appointment wys nude, for a given day, relationship should he enlarged into about the transfer of these arnis -No the though the distance between the two State relation. We should keep our old palice, the Harbour Master and every that should pick my witnesses -I prefer not to have beach-combers and friends was very romete, while the means system, with modifications suitable to body knew about it. A of travel was dot convenient. When the that it ie the family structure upon which bai, continued Kearny. There was

Chinese conditions, always remembering Admiral Tu had never been in Shang-crocks against me as witnesses. Of course, an I take exception. It looks as if the Dis "day came Fan asked his mother so Jill n chicken and prepare tec Ide the guest, the Chinese social fabric has been his agreement between him and General Ho,trict Attorney had tried to make a good" but his mother enquired whether had torically constructed. To that end, we Defence Commissioner of Shanghai that thing out of it after all that has appent- Teocived a letter from Changing Chinese welcome the sympathetle atten the headquarters of the Chinese Navy, ed in the papers. Iet like to be him of his coming. Fan aplied Nobiou and the kindly interest of other Sound Division would be at Nanking, advertised in the papers even before I was It was a promise of two years ago; and countries, since if in any way they can Admiral Tu and General Ho did not get arrested.

The case was at this stage (7 pm.) ad- I trust my friend who will not disap make our task ersier, they will not only on wall together..

(Continged at foot of neat column,) journed. Shanghai Mercury. point me, I am sure. This is only one benefit us, but the world at large;

FRIENDSHIP

Kearny.

J

11