CABLES.
LATEST CABLES,
THROUGH REDTER'S JOINDT.]
GERMANY'S DESPERATE
PLIGHT. STATEMENT BY MINISTER OF FINANCE
BERLIN, August Bri
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, AUGUST 25TH, 1923
POLITICS IN SOUTH AFRICA. FAR EASTERN CABLE
HERTZOG VIOLENTLY ATTACKS
PREMIER SMCTS.
PRETORIA, August 23rd.
NEWS.
(THROUGH DEUTZE'S AGENCY-|-
The Opposition has profited by the DEATH OF JAPANESE speech"delivered by Pramior Smuts on the 15th inst. to nimch violent attacks against the Premier
General Hertzog, the Nationalist lesti. er, in a statement describing Premier
PREMIER
TOKYO, August 24th. The Premier, Admiral Baron Tanio- saburs Kato, is seriously ill.
[A Reuter's telegraphic message last week announced that the Premier wag ill.
regarded as serious]
RICHES OF CHINA.
CHAO HSIN CHI'S BAIT.
The great opportunities for the profit- able employment of capital in China are emphasised in an article contributed to the current issue of gain by «Mr. Chan Hain Cha, the Chinese Chargé d'Affaires in London.
THE LAW AND THE SHIP. AT SEA AND IN HARBOUR.
A legal correspondent contributes an interesting article to the London Mon Pest on the law of the ship at sea and in hour. He writes —
FRENCH SENATE PASSES.
NAVAL TREATY, -- FRENCH LIBERTY OF ACTION. The Bill for the ratification of the Treaty relating to the limitation of naval armaments concluded at Washington on February 3, 1992, between France, the United States, Great Britain, Italy, nat By ship" I mean merchant ship, for Japan, which has been pashed by this khips of war are a law unto themselves.
for discussion in the Senate on July 11th The political troubles of China, he The sea, which is our highway to the Em-French Chamber of Depution, curieu pire in the world, waters so largely into declares, are but temporary“, audi arv onlyį due liye, voyages are so much part of the and was adopted by 287 votes to thres
M. Renaudat, Reporter of the Foreigis such as are incidental in all countries
routine of an Englishman's existence, tha Affairs Commission, said the work of the to rent change in the form of Govern-one would have supposed the law govern Vashington Conference had been fallewel
the He paints to
You to be clear past misunderstanding.
its conclusions had been warmly welcomed. shape of its agricultural and mineral re- many things are nebulous. Even the Th Commission recommended the acerpt-
What, for the pur. Sources, which are only awaiting the answer to the questi The Premier's condition became sud-supply of foreign capital to develop with poses, if the crew, in the eye of the law, wished to direct her greatest efforts, not of the applicable to the past of the tonnage for ships of the line the Treaty because France ipulated in 7 has been vari- denly worse at midnight with increased great rapidity. He writes:
од the construction of ships of the line. Foreign financiers geril not be afraid are a face apart) is a ship them, learned but on light resols and submarines. The pain. The pube and heart action were either as to the liabilities or the ability, have boidly declared that she is putification of the Treaty would reassur extremely weak and he was generally ex- to mert obligations to pay of the Chinese part of the territory of the country whose American opinion as to the pacific inten-
Government. If they lend money China for railway construction there isng she wairs; and in order to meet some tiens of France, and would strengthen insecuracies of thought which the the friendship of the United States.
meat.
enormcus
Iler Hilferding, Minister of Finances Sauts speech as heralding a war with though at that time his illness was not national wealth of the country in the ing those who go down to the sea in ship in France.with. close attention, and that
in aktressing the Budget Committee in the Reichstag, desertheil the financial al political situation, of Germany" as almost desperate,
The Imperial Government had to cover not merely, its own deficit But those at all the Feileral States atl
Communes, otherwise the while adminis-
France, accused the Premier of acting unconstitutionally in not calling on Par amout regarding participation in the new war to which the position in Europe was moving.
Premier Smuts, in reply. chiracterises | hausted, the assertion of the possibility of an sheet undness.
a tration of that country would break down. | Angio-French war
LATER.
.. LATER...
to
Senger
no doubt of the ability, of the lines to mant involves recourse has been had (Cheers).
་་
Reichshank to support the mark with French differences were being discussed the delegates to the Conference took a railway loan which may be acerpted. It appear beneath the waves when the ship other to the protection of neutrals and to
He criticised the attempt made by "the
insuficient incaus He complained of private hems, without authority issuing emergency money, although mauny were already Direùlating.
Gilions
as between friends,
M. Lamery, Reporter of the Navy Com to metaphor; ship has been called Hloating island. But this has the views mission, reminded the Senate that there of mest metaphor, will not bear naal were two Washington agreements, one ysis; for her "island" character must dis relating to naval armaments and the It must be clearly under- enters foreige waters. Moreover, so far submarines, not bear the straite of application to a very ether, and in ratifying, the first France to English ideas are concerned, will stood that they were independent of each elementary point of practice. The King's preserved her liberty in regard to sub- writ dont run on board a British ship marines. Frane welcomed with enthusi even when she is within the territorial waters. As to this meenphor, it is suffici as the initial proposal for the reduction ence at Washington was much reduced, but Lord) Lindley's summary of reasons the results which had been obtained were
negligible. Railways in China against accepting what is called the "ter- far from
ritoriality of merchant ships," in bis julg. ment in the "Franconia" "case.
The Premier died at 1230 m).
pay when once, they have been built) [Aduizal Baron Tomesaburo Kato was
As before the war, the Chinese Gov On the contrary, he said, the Anglo-Minister of the Navy at the time of the ernment will be ready and willing to Washington Conference, and as one of afford all diree: Statis guarantees for any leading part, especially in the negotiation will do so because it knows that the dense Premier Smuts said he wondered of the Pacific Treaty and the Treaty repopulation and the vast natural resources lating to the reduction of armaments. He of the country will afford an absolute marg whether General Hertzog's reference to was 4 years of age}
ninly for the success of any approved railway scheine. a great split among the South African
"The United States constructed away They did not pay at first, but they paid richly" afsrwards. are profitable enterprises from the very start, since the population is on the apat and ready to welcome the innovation.
Referring to the causes of the delier people related to another rebellion, but / CHINESE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONlines extending to uninhabited territories, ent to refer to Mr. Justice (afterward, of Brnaments. The objective of the Confer.
the Minister asserted that payments in execution of the Peace Treaty had risen from four huntired nud fifty milliaris in January to: four billions (1) in July." "The lehoit on the state railways along fur haylred and fly minted tr hillions. He concluded by saying it was impossible to. hope that a great increase in taxation wenk! result in balancing the Jaudeat.
MUTINY OF SPANISH TROOPS REFUSE TO SAIL FOR MOROCCO.
Alana, August 23rd..
The fact that the troops at Malaga mutiniëd, dhjerting to sail for Morocco, was disclosed by the Premier at a special inerting of the Cabinet, 'To reference to the muting the Premier said that the mutineers fired killing one officer, but the Military Authorities ́had restored order. The matincers will be punished.
EARLIER CABLES.
GERMAN REPARATIONS. "A VERY COMPLICATED"
DOCUMENT.”
Loxtos, August 23rd. Copies of the French Nute were cir calated among the members of the Cabinet, but an immedinte rejoinder is not likely, as it is felt that it is a very complicated document, mil mnist he thoroughly examined by experts before it is possible to determine whether it constitutes a modification of France's
attitude.
Mr. Baldwin, who has not changed his plans, departs on a holiday for Aix-les- Bains an August gath.
It is pointed out that Belgium's reply bas unt "yet been received, and that possibly it may contain constructive anggestions...
KAYNOTE OF FRENCH PRESS COMMENT.
PARIS, August 3rd." The remark in l'Echa de Paris, the document does not aim at, vietoriously refuting an enemy but at enlightening and convincing a friend whose assistance
is precious" is the Leynote of French
he was inclined to believe, that it wis merely typical of General Hertzog's violence of expression. “
· WARNINGS AGAINST
AUTHRAX.
COMMITTEE. "
GENEVA, August 3rd.
subject...
[FROM THE DAILY BULLETIN."}
SITUATION IN KWANGTUNG..
* PEKING'S
THE HIGH SEAS.
M. Limery added that the Commission associated itself with the protest of the Chamber againg the thrice of the date of 1091 ia fixing the standards of the fleets. chosen that would have established a The figures of 10914 should have been France was not on au normount situation. equality, with Italy, although she was not solely a Mediterranean United States Government bad net gisen up the idea of securing the limitation of auxiliary ships and submarines
But they hoped that future conference. Franco would not depart from her point
of view in this matter.
Power, Tho
The Prime Minister. Your remarks
PEKING, August 23rd.” This afternoon's information states that a meeting of the two Houses decided that
Moreover when a ship is on this high the preliminary ofvetion of a President be
"Thy country as a whale will from
with held any day before September 13th. Warvery standpoint be benefited by the area, legal language treacherous that Sir provement of the means of transportation, it is difficuls to state thi Inar
Certainly it is true, as Ching-lien will cansult with the Adminis- while the world will be equally benefited neuracy, ISSUED BY LEAGUE OF NATIONS trative Committee of the Senate on the by opening up it vast potential market Alexander Cekimen said in the same case, for its manufactures and, by easuring an that by the received law of every nation ship on the high seas carrie. Its nation- ensy outflow of the illimitable naturalality ahil the law of its av bazion with products upon which its ever-increasing it but if the inferezes be drawn from Industrialism depends
this that all English law applies to all people on beal, it is untrue. The com- man law applies, because true Britons carry their common law with them into the
M. Lemery further pointed out that the non-govereign parts of the globe, criminal law applies by virtue of the old cruisers authorized by the Treaty would jurisdiction of the admiral. But what
Acts of Parliament? Here the line be inferior in gun calibre to those neers must be drawn. The operation of statutessary to beat German cruisers. That was
an unsatisfactory. is territorial unless they are expressly the Commission advised the approval of
situation
extended,
Parliament may legislate for the Treaty. persons on beard British ships; but ex-
M. Raberti, Ministor of Marine, saiď press worth of extension are necessanty to that the proportion fixed had been main. effect this purpose.
tained only in respect of capital ships. The law of England knows bus of one If it had been otherwise the French Gov. territory that which is within the body ernment would not have signed the of a country. All beyond is the high Trenty. 's which , out of the previnge of the English law as applicable to the ahore. and to which that law cannot be extended except by legislation,
11 je komouneed that the United States accepts the invitation of the Council of the League of Nations to be represented at the meeting of the fifth Commission, at which humanitariau questions will be disi) eussed. The Amerienu delegates will act in a corisultative capacity,
The meeting of the joint advisory com- wittee on agriculture has dealt with the prevention of anthrax infection, which will be discussed at the forthcoming meeting of the International Institute of Agriculture, which draws the attention of the different Governments to the agent necessity for steps to cope with the disease.
THE LAUSANNE TREATY. RATIFIED BY ANGORA NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.
CONSTANTINOPLE, August Zird. The Angora National Assembly ratified the Lausanne Treaty by 215 votes to 20. US-JAPAN ARBITRATION
TREATY.
RENEWED FOR FIVE TEATIS.
WASHINGTOS, August 23rd.
The Arbitration Treaty between Japan and Adherica has been renewed for five years, with the proviso that disputes under the treaty may be referred to the Court of International Justice in the event of America becoming a member of the Court.
SOVIET STOCK EXCHANGES.
RA, August 23rd.
A mesengo from Moscow states that the Soviets are arranging to open Stock Exchanges at Chita, Vladivostock, Khar- koff and Tashkent.
FOREIGN EXCHANGES.
LONDON, August 23rd. "Press comments which are a' chorus of Both the French and Helginn Francs
INFORMATION,
PEKING, August 23rd. Messages from Canton indicate that the situation in the East River, districts re
mains unchanged.
Sun Yat Sen's Forces so far have not been able to capture Walchow,
Railways, by bringing the various parts of the cuntry into touch with each other, will assist unification and promote poli- tical tranquility. The Chinese Govern ment will act hesitate to open negotiations for foreign capital when a good and
reasonable offer is forthcoming.
THE FINANCING OF REPARATIONS.
A GERMAN VIEW. Writing in the Statist. Dr. Helfferich, former Imperial Home Office Secretary of Germany and director of the Deutsche Bank, who was responsible for German war finance puder the Chancellorship
Von Bethmann-Hollweg, states that
of
confided...
FOREIGN TERRITORIAL WATERS. Territorial waters being high se,
will help is that matter. The
·
"Nevertheless,
M. J. Delahaye-That is a misrepre- sentation,"
It is reported, however, that Chen Chiang Ming and General Lia Fu are
The Prime Minister: "There is nọ mis- representation The Treaty of Washing- no longer on good terms, the latter refus
These words of Chief Justice Cockburn ton applies only to capital ships: for light. ing to send reinforcements from Swatow. "Owing to the lack of help from General
will doubtles: lu borne in mind by those verses and submarines, it is the French in outside countries it has been errone
to whom the drafting of the Betting Tax view which has triguing said that
3. Raiberti, Lin Fn, a shortage of provisions at Wai- ously supposed ever since the Armistice BU, if it is decided to proceed with it, is anon, must reconstitute her feet; but
that Germany has remained wealthy de chow is expected, and the city may shortly spite the War, and proceeds to argue that he compelled to capitulate,
actually Germany's national wealth has suffered a decline. The pre-war national The gunboats Hucking and lingjailth, of Germany has been estimated at are reported to have, steamed out of £18 billion, but Dr. Helfferich does not Foochow on Monday to attack Arley, and attempt a detailed examination of this that the transport Chehan with marines figure and of the changes wrought by the War. He observes, however, that in com puting the direct loss caused through the deprivation of Lorraine, the Saar and Upper bilesin, of the commercial fiect zur of ex-territorial enterprises and oversens property, these assets must be reckoned at mach more than their balance sheet values as their deprivation is in the nature of an amputation of the German body economic and not merely an nrith metical subtraction.
on board follows her.
Gen. Trang Chih Ping is endeavouring to hold Amoy with 1,000 troops, bat owing to a shortage of provisions and failure to pay his troops a mutiny is feared.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
Taking as a standard the public com panies operating in Germany, and point ing out that the value of these depends almost wholly on their earning capacity he contends that, while the number of companies rose from 5,186 before the War to 2,606, after the War, and the "nomini capital invested increased from 17.4 mil hard marks to 105.4 milliards, the aggre guto market enpitalisation of German companies declined from £1,560 million ular une to £300 million, and that the dividends distributed fell from 1.500 million gold marks in 1913 to one thirtieth, of this figure last year.
The Senate also passed the Bill ratify-
the Four Power Pacific Treaty.
the peace and good urder of the barbour. the local authorities may properly take. cognisance of it, and they must, to this end, have the right of going on board the
Yet even now our troubles of clear ex-
this was dependent on the
fir improvement her financial situation. Up to 1930 the programme would include the construction" 1sition of a British ship vis-a-vis her own of ernisers, torpedo boats, and submarines,
uw does aut alter when she enters the In 1830 the question would have to be territorial waters of nunther country; but faced whether the building of hattleships of should again he undertaken. If at that there is superaded to this law so the law of that country as has been ex-time Francs decided to begin she would tendel to those waters. But when she not be able to build more than the 175,000 enters waters which form part of the realm tons alowed by the Washington Tenty. of that country and id harbours, her
The Bill was passed by 287 votes to status suffers a sex change; though, here three again, mail ships are, hy convention, t in a clus apart. Broadly speaking, the ship, and all persons and things on board, pass under the jurisdiction of the foreign country and its laws govern the passen- gers. The crew, again speaking breadly, are treated exceptionally because by cus PEKING, August Zard.
tor of the sea, discipline is as it evidently must be maintained according to the law ship. Encouraged by the failure of General
of the fing. In those two broad state Tsang Chih Ping at Amey also by the
ments, however, lie concealed the germs position are not ended for the measures of endlos international disputes. It would which the disciplinary law of the flag declaration by Lu Yun Hring to pre
be improper to write controversially upon sanctions may themselves be prejudicial serve peace in Chekia 3. Trao Kun's
them when such a difficulty, has, in fact, to the peace and good order of the harbour. sipporters apparently have decided not
arket. The object of this article is to Suppose, for example, the captain of some. enable my readers to appreciate the nature foreign ship were empowered for extreme to lose any time in promoting his election
of the difficulties rather than to speak embreaches of discipline to award the "cat to the position of: Chief Executive. His
phatically upon the solution of this parti- on deck, or the yard-arm at sunrise! But Now, at least, one thing is we need not go to extremes; let be no chief propagandist, General Asiang Ping Chi, and Pien Shou Ching are again in
clear. If the doctrine of the territoriali v
use a generic term-as ill of merchant ships were true, i would retard what the law of the harbour Poking considering ways and means for
mean that the ship island could float into treatment; here we have the opinion of a foreige harbour and float out again, Sir Robert Phillimore, that he could not without regard to the country.A mani entertain any doubt that in this country raising funds for the payment of members
This decline he attributes mainly to the fest impossibility for imagine,
what
17 a foreign sailor, complaining of ill-treat- of Parliament, while both Houses of Parliament are holding an informal meet Reparation policy pursued by the En-ever-changing archipelage, each island feat of the master on board a foreign tente, and he argues that but for the having its different laws there would be ship in an English port would be entitled ink this afternoon to draft a programme refusal of France to reduce the amount every day in the year in such ports as to the protection of an English Court ni of the preliminary steps to be taken by af Germany's Treaty obligations, the Hongkong or Singapore, We may, thero Justies,"" Parliament in connection with the Pra failure of the Bankers' committee to fore, subject to what will be said herafter. sintment
This soms to make the law of the port. recommend an international loan and, accept Sir Robert Phillimore's sidential election,
finally, the seizing of the Ruhr, the Ger that a foreign merchant vel going into paramount, but there must be an except foreign State subjects her tion, where the disciplinary law of the At the same time, General Wang Chiuan Budget would now he yielding a sur-the port of
German mark would in consequence, noting the periods of her anmorancy there: This point has been the subject of judicial
subditus temporanous as decision, she is as much
A mutiny occurred on board an have depreciated as it has done. He contends that if the French policy in the the individual who visits the interior of English ship at Odesar; assistance was soldiers took the seaman on there, where Rahr is pursued indefinitely Germany's the country for the purposes of busines sought, from the port authorities; Russian creditors will eventually be faced with the ar pleasure.
ho was flogget as for a brouch of Russian task of extracting Reparations from a' nationalistic Bolshevism.
But for the crow there mu bo a differJaw the captain promoting the infliction ent rule. The maritime disciplinary law of the penalty. The seaman recovered £25 of the ontntry may differ in essentials damages And so the law of Che flag came So we see that even in wo from that of the flag. and it is impossible into its own.
"
to
5.
LAW OF THE POET.
praise, for the "clarity, precision, force, have improved since the delivery of the Ping has left for Mukden in an endeavour plus for payment of: Reparations and the to the ordinary law of the place dur-horo, is more severe than that of tho fing.
courtesy and firmness of the French French Note, and to-day they were Note. They refuse to believe that Great
Britain will fail to listen to the voice if reason or deliberately reject a plan of settlement safeguarding her interests,
GERMAN COMMENT ON "FRENCH
NOTE..
BEALLS, August 23rd.
100 any prospect of a solution in it.
SOVIET'S "TERRITORIAL
ARMY."
quoted at $1.25 and 101.75, respectively. German Marks remain in the dol drums, being quoted at 24,000,000 to the sovereign,"
LENIN'S HEALTH.
RIGA," August 2rd.
to align Puotingfu and Mukden upon the question of the Presidency, and several members of Parliament who proceded to Shanghai have returned to the capital.
The Acting Secretary of Commerce of the United States has granted a certifi cate of incorporation under the China' A message from Moscow states that Trade Act to the North China C, The French Note is unfavourably com monted upon by the papera, which do not after his holiday in the country, M. Federal Incorporated, U.S.&., formed to Lenin's health has improved. The pul buy, Icase, custruct, etc, flour and other monary and other organic complications mills and factoring for preparation and have ceased, but, on the other hand, the manufacture of merchandise from raw impediment in his speech and the general materials produced in Asia and else-
where, and
generally to engage in manu- MOBILISED FOR INSTRUCTIONAL state of his nerves aro causing anxiety,
facturing business. The incorporators are: B. A. Topas (Russian). Harbin; J. W. Schoenfeld (American), Shanghai; W. Summer (American), Shanghai; H. Maroo (American), Shanghai; Jacob Bergstam (American), Shanghai; II Hosser porator is Jonathan H. Brown, Washing
PURPOSES.
RIGA, August 2ril.
A inessage from Moscow states that the
BOME CRICKET.
LONDON, August Ardi At Dover, Nott, heat Kent by ten wickets. Kent in their first inning scored
#EAST 13 - LAST.”
MR, RUDYARD KIPLING ON HIS HISTORIC PHRASE.
LAW OF THE FORT.
that the sailors should pass under a differ-traightforward a matter as discipline we en law every time the ship enters a foreign can find no certain formala all the terms. port. The authorities are unanimous of which shall express their meaning
that
holding that the law of the flag provais, she Hag and the law of the
clearly. The battle between the law of
even in foreign waters In everything
the port rages 1 to the morning's war. relates to the discipline und internal admin
ather best Oh, East is East, and West is Weststration of the ship; and in this connec
Now one the better then another" tion, it is advisable to remember that in But the more fact that the flag does gover and never the twain shall meet,
"Till Earth and Sky stand presently at many reefects this governs the paste gem rant the statement that though wo discipline in ordinary cases seems to war- God's great. Judgment seat."
But discipline" is an all-embracing term,
as fantastic the ship never does become The sentiment of Mr. Budyard Kipling's and includes many things which are must dizard the "floating island theory Ballad of East and West was chosen as offences against the law; and the only way the subject for the debate on Visitors in which the position can be stated in so absorbed into the foreign terrory when parcel of it, All may go on or before Night of Durham University Union So telligibly seems to be that (probably) the she enters port as to become pax and eisty, and one of the debaters, Mr.Baguail Merchant Shipping Acts apply on board when she was on the high sea; and to this (Oxford), said he had written to Mr. an English ship in a foreign port Kipling for an explanation of the phrase. But the complexity of the subject is her sistua of foreign ship, or
The author replied that inspiration came such that no sooner is a proposition stated own law, in so when he was at Bletchley. Instead of the with some degree of confidence than an applicable, prevail. The suggestion is races of the world having one common exception mast, with equal confidence. should retain its own characteristics. I the world was all one jazz, time, what a dreadful place it would be."
extent she seems to resin her.
a. it
bility
her
made
Council of Labour and Defence "have ordered the mobílisation of the so-called 162, Barratt taking 4 for 48, and in their (Russian), Slungtai. The resident incor. character," feeling, and sonsibility, each tarkat on to it; and the same authorities table that some overt act, some dik
Territorial Army for instructional pur
poses, in pursuance of the Soviet's deci- second inning 116, Barratt, taking
sion to create a regular army,
for 18. Fur Notts, Carr compiled 105).
tan, D.C."
be
turbance of the peace and good urder of are unanimous in bolding that if the breach the port is necessary before the foreign of discipline, or offence, is prejudicial to unthorities are entitled to interfere with
(Continued at foot of neat Column.) her internal arrangements?
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