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No. 8,

THE HONGKONG A BALLY

THURSDAY, JULY 19TH, 1883,

POPULATION PRESSURE IN CEI

CEIMATE AND CHARACTER. THE INDUSTREAL AND/

ASIAN CONTINENT:

HOME OF HALF OF MANKIND.

THE PROBLEM OF UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION.

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The inability of the whito tuan to adapt "hiniself to the coloured 'man'a country 'was one of many interesting points explained by. Dr. Leonard Williams, recently, in the first of two lectures at the Royal Institution, Well-over half of all mukind dwells London on "The physical and physiological | iu Asia, bus the population is by foundations of character.” means equally distributed aver the sur Character, Dr. Williama defined as conduct. Enquiries are welcome. face of the continens. On the Siherinn so frequently repeated as to become autow- tundras and the steppey of Central Asia atic Different climates determine different; there in an extremely thin population people. Those who inhabitquntry. and the game is true in the higher all where the mountains run down to the tudes. of China, Japan, and British

are superstitious, imaginative, and India. Such difference in popalation realize how infinitesimal any man is in the density as exists between the northern ultimate scheme of things. Mountain people partes of Siberia and certain provinces are short, and so are their animals, as of China and Bengal are scarcely to be may be seen in the Shetland, Devon, and found in any other portion of the gl-be, Welsh ponies. The terrific crowding of human beings in) China, Japan, and India, and the rapid

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The lecturer explained how the de- leterious effect of the solar spectrum at a certain angle on human is cogn increase in population in these countries. bring with them problems that are al degree of pigment in its inhabitants. ready significant in world politics and and accompanying this difference is a marked difference also in character sad characteristics, It probable that this ably be still more important in the future.j

in the aplatim is very cost+ pig. | pigmentary The more these three thickly populated wanted a race is the more surely does it lag

watter of energy. lands are drawn into the capitalistic sys behind, in the progress of civilization.

Go Thit tem and into world commerce, the greater probably means that the

nergy neces will be their territory, and the strong able as to deprive other

of colour is O dey

velopment

parts of the

organ especially among a part of the population izstion of it fain share of that energy, and of China and Japan, will become the that those parts, which are almost certainly tendency to break loose from their surreal needs of continued existance. 67, QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRAL CAPITAL (FULLY-PAD)

to develop beyond the roundings, to flee from the homeland, andIt is not difficult, sairi Dr. Willinus, "to

to the

morest animal

his

understand the white man's superiority over darker brother and his ability to develop his nervous system in a degree impossible to bis desky fellow; but he pays a high price in On the other hand the energy expended, on tropical diseases in respect of his fair skin, the skin in pigment protects against diseases peculiar to the tropics.

to seek to more profitable means of sub sistence whether permanent or transitory, somewhere else. And even if the indus trial system is introduced in 'China, and if industry spreads still further in Japan, there will still be countless millions of mon left over, who can win a livelihood "When Kipling invited as to take up the only with dhculty. Even with the indus white man's burden, I do not think," trializing of Eastern Asia and British said the lecturer, "that he understood the India, the questions raised by "Asiatic full and almost intolerable weight of that populations will grow not simpler but burden. Bluntly stated, the conclusion to more complex. To he sure. a thorough which we are driven by this consideration going industrialization, the spread of min- is that the white man is not by nature adapt ing and other industries, will give worked, and therefore is unable by art to adapt to great numbers; but other numbers himself to the coloured man's country

"The British are great colonizers. Hig whose activity, according to European: standards, is more triffing, and uaccono- white skin has given him a reserve of has lured him to the mic waste of time, will be thrown out of energy which work through the industrial process and furthest ends of the world by service and sacritice, he hopes to establish himself and deprived of livelihood and of attachment his British civilization; tuit, all his service to the soil.

EMIGRATION IN THE EAST,

and

sacrifice are destined to ultimate defeat by the very economic forces which, owing to bis ignorance of them, he has failed to recognize. His white skin is at once his glory and his undoing. It confers on him Dervous systein that makes bini a com- ander, but at the same time gives him a handicap that he can never overcome,

1

Enigration from China in centuries past was steady and fairly large. Chinese ccolie, sweated over the building of rail ways in North America and Central Africa; they toiled in mines, and in the gold mines of South Africa, the plantations of the Antillesand Brazil, in Peru and Chile an cooks and stokers" on European ships. Japanese labourer, the Japanese immig- The spread of the Chinese during ration, which has been six thousand in the European War was, especially exten the year 1913, did not reach a thousand in sive. Although net so many coolies could 1021. The number of Japanese labourers be forwarded to Europe, England, France in. foreign countries is estimated at fire- as was anticipated in the beginning, the sent from six to seven hundred thousand, namber of Chinese who in the years be- but within a few years this figure zag tween 1914 and 1917 vntered Russia was have grown to a millian at least. Reced. all the grater. Not merely in Asiatic, ly Japanese girls and women have been but also in European Russia, many hun emigrating in larger numbers. dreds of thousands of Chinese were en- The situation in British India is sorg». aged. Even in" Archangel and as far as what different. Here no great tendency the Kola Peninsula in the White Sea, toward emigration can be traced. coolies were stationed in order to release question of population remaing rather an muzhiks and Russian industrial workers internal matter; but it is not without in! for military service. "Chinese laboured on ternational significance or without effect the Murmansk Railway and in the great on questions going beyond the country's forcat-districts of Russia, iu mines, as borders, for the extreme overpopulation agricultural labourers, spinners, weavers, of many parts of India will constantly be cloth-makers; and even in the workshops a factor in international untest, especially of the Rusiau Railwng Administration in times of bad harvest, and specifically great hordes of Chineas were to be found, an influence that will affect English for A great number of these Chinese now six eign policy. or seven years away from home, are still living in Russia, but large, throngs are again tending the enigration. The thickly populated territories of Shantung Hupeh, Pechili, Kiangau, and Szechwan can still produce large numbers of mig

Tanta.

•

THE CASE OF JAPAN.

(PEX KPACES.

In

The

Though the population density of China, Japan, and British India is extra- ordinary, the population in other Asiatic territories is extremely thin. In the northern portion of Asia the scattered population is to be explained on climatic grounds, but there are very large Asiatic. In proportion to the population, the territories on which a much denser po- emigration from "Japan is still more pulation could be maintained than at pre striking. The Japanese population in sent. Anatolia, on account of the many. creases seven hundred thousand soul and long Turkish wars during the inst every year. There is, to be sure, enough ten years, has fost a great many men, thinly settled territory in Formosa and mostly able-bodied men. This heavy loss Hores that the farge emigrant could of population is one of the circumstances occupy to a great extent, but the Japanese that makes the economic revival of do not take kindly to either of these ter Turkey more difficult, ritories, Even the establishment of n specits Colonial Office for Karen could As the petroleum industry increases, and Persia also is very weakly populated. Zot greatly promote the emigration from the exploitation of other mineral trea Japan. Korea is too cold for the Japanese, sures develop, the emigration cf foreign and Formoss too bot. China being itself Inbourers may become a problem of the very thickly populated, can receive only day for. Persia, also, The population of a few Japanese, and so their eyes in Turkestan is likewise very thing chiefly to the warm coast of America.perritory more than three times the ex The State of California since it belongs tont of Germany about five million en to the United States, is closed to the are living and yet Turkestan has wide Japanese, but the trend toward Lower stretches that either are very fertile California and other provinces of Mexico already or that could be made so, Tran Fin all the stronger for that Agreements balkalia and Transcaspis are still scratily. exist between the Japariëse, and Mexican peopled, though economic, administration Governments that provide for a heavy could make then capable of supporting Japanese emigration to Mexico Under great numbers of men. The same applies the co-operation of both Governments, a of Nepa. In this country, almost a third special organization is to be established to the size of Germany, from five or six help the Japanese to Mexico, and to care million men are living. Nepal has rich for their subsequent prosperity. In the deposits of copper, iron, and sulphur. provinces of China and Oajaca, both There are prospects of intensive agricul situated on the Pacific, the development of ture and cattle raising. Afghanistan like special Japanese agricultural colonies is wise is thinly populated. provided for Japanese labourers are to The thickly populated districts of be employed in the oil industry, in min- British India and Japan include only ing, on cotton plantations, and in the about fifven per cent. of the Asiatic po textile industry.

pulation, so far as climatic conditions Some South American States, prin- permit, has hitherto been impossible. cipally Brazil but also Chile and Argen-chiefly on account of the imperfect means tina, are concerning themselves with of communication in the interior of the Japanese immigration. Yet the current continent. When, for the first time, of immigration from Japan to Brazil and great Asiatic overland-railways are built, Argentina, which was strong before the such as are now being proposed, a peried war, is slackening again. Although of population movements will begin, com Brazil has set aside special, premium of pared to which all the immigrations and 15 pounds sterling for every immigrant emigrations bitherto observed will be as *** (Continued of foot of next column.) | nothing.

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Writing from Singapore, under date March 81st, 1922, Sir Godfrey Thomas, Private Secretary to HB.E. THE PRINCE OF WALES, BAY! :-

BIRI beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 23rd instant and am desired by the Prince of Wales to thank you for the copy of the 60th annual edition of THE DIRECTORY & CHRONICLE FOR CHINA, JAPAN, THE STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, ITO, KIC," which His Royal Highness has been pleased to accept, and which will be extremely usoful during the remainder of the tour.""

Yours faithfully,

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