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SARAWAKS NATURAL

WEALTH

PAPER BY MR, CHAS. HOSE

"Sarawak

PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT. "Besides the Supreme Council, there exista a darger body, whose functions are purely advisory. It is called the Council Negri or State Council, and consists of An interesting Paper on

the Rajah, the members of the "Supreme Council, those district officers who are in an Independent State within the Empire, prepared by Mr. Chaz Hote, Dand the principal native officers and charge of the more important centres, (Cantab.), was read by Mr. Hose, before Penghulus throughout the country, some A meeting of the Royal Colonial Institute, seventy or eighty members. This council hold

at Edward VII. Booms, Hotel meets in Kuching, the capital, once every Victoria, London, SW, on February three years under the Presidency of the 27th.

Bajah. The principles according to which Mr. Hugh Chisholm, who presided, ex- the Government has been conducted, can- plained that although Mr. Hoe was prenot be better expressed than in the follow- sent, he found that he did not feel equaling words of the late Rajah, Sir Charles to reading his Paper, and he had there Brooke, when he said that a Government fore naked Airs. How to perform that such as that of Sarawak may start from task. Mr. Chisholm recalled the fact that things as we and them, putting ita veto both he and Mr. Hose were together at on what is dangerous or unjust, and sup college, and he remembered that Mr.porting what is fair and equitable in the Hose was particularly brilliant at science, usages of the natives and letting system and took a streng interest in natural and legislation wait, on occasion," So the history. He went out Sarawak at the secret of success was found in adapting. age of 20, and was probably one of the and improving all that was good in the greatest authorities on the country. Ho existing usages of the natives, without had contributed to the British Museum indiscriminate destruction of many exbibio of the fauna and insect life customs. From among the more influenti- of the country, nad many had been named al chiefs of the up-river, communities, the after him. He had much pleasure in in- Rajah also appoints, on the recommenda troducing both Mr. and Mrs. Hośc. tion of the Resident, a certain aumber in ach division, to the office of Penghulu, who are also given a flag and a document of his office, A good Penghulu will set recording his appointment, and the duties about the investigation of any affair with much tact and patience

The following are the most interesting phinte from Mr. Hour's paper

O

ancient

of 141

The prevalent ides of Borneo is that it is still a land of "wild men," & country undesirable as a residence, and more or legs incapable of development. As far as it is in my power to do so this evening society as now estabished to a conical struc- We may liken the whole system of I should like to try and dispel this turn erroneous impression-at all events with which lines of authority descend to the base

consisting of common apex, from regard to one part of Borneo which, branching though governed independently, by levels If we imagine the upper part of

ranching as they go at three

principal accepting British protection, the one structure cut away at a horizontal place just danger to the State has been provided above the lowest level of branching, we have for, namely, the risk of foreign aggres

diagrammatic

repres Rajas

of the state Bion Sarawak is atorehouse of

of affairs preceding the

advent-a Nature's treasures; the people are well large number of smaller cones each represent formed and intelligent, and while they its members to its chief, but each remain. ing a village unified by the subordination of go about untramowelled by superfluous garments, show proper modesty, and with its neighbours. At the present time isolated without any boad of union withal their garments are in themselves the base of the cone remains almost un- picturesque. It is a land of mountains changed, but the Rajah's Government binds and great rivers, and is practically one together all its isolated

to form one groups unbroken forest, but although surrounded harmonious whole by means of the hierarchy on all sides by islands of volcanic activity, of officers whose authority proceeds from it shows but small fraces of such. Kina the Rajah himself, the apex of the Balu, 13,693 ft., in the neighbouring The Rajah's power

Syste friendly State of British North Borneo Is Lase of the people's willing co-operation. pieapon the broad the highest mountain. The scenery is He in turn is for them the symbol of the magnificent, and in every direction may

by the aid of which they be Ben, panoramas of the more futuras enabled to think of the State Are vegetation. The network of rivers and votion, and from him there descends

common country and common

objchrough their tributaries.pfford valuable means of transport throughout the country.

his officers, the

spirit which animates the whole, a spirit of reciprocal confidence, jus-

to duty. The sys tem is in fact the monarchy or

or personal government; its secesful working depends above all

bove all on the character and intellect of the man who stands at the head of the State. Mention should be made that Government build ings are good and substantial, and great care taken in the matter of

hospitals both and native. Koching had a fine

of de-

With the exception of the Malays of the tice, good will, and deation of the ideal of

Coastal regions all the natives live under tribal organisation, of which the chief groups nie Dayaks Kayans, Kenyaks, Klemantans, Murats, and Punangof these people the Dayak is, perhaps, the best known to Europeans. Ho is cheer ful, sociable, energetic, lood of fus, and

an agreeable companion, The Kavans on the riser front, and an

and Kenyaha, who are widely distributed throughout the interior in large villages, are a fine race and are more skilled in handicrafts than any of the other peoples Muruta, Kalubits, Tagals, who are more confined to the nerthers art of the State, are tall and strongly built, and, perhaps, better agriculturists. Punans Ukits, and many other small tribes closely allied scattered bror the interior, are the most primitive, and, therefore, ethuele gically the most interesting. Hend hunting itself is really a highly intricate and mystical undertaking surrounded by

excellent water supply from

from Mount Matang, ten miles away.

Reservoirs huve also been constructed in other parts of the country. Schools and libraries have been built and a fine museum complete and representative of specimens of natural history and ethnography. As to the de relopment of this wort the Borneo Company, Ltd., has very successfully antimony, cinnabir, gold, and silver mines leased to them by the Government. The output of gold for many years WAS approximately 3,000 a great wall of custom and ritual. For a month. Allavial gold is also worked by ounces a mouth, and of silver 1,000 ounces

the people of Sarawak are not blood- Chinese. The presont value of trade thirsty on the whole, and are little about 45 million dollars, and is annually addicted to tortare, bat, as with all increasing the export and imports are barbarie people who live in the forests, about the same. they are deeply superstitious, and their existence

is governed by hidebound tradition,"

THE ADMINISTRATION OF BABAWAK.

PROSPEROUS OIL FIELD.

The large petroleum field discovered many years ago in the Miri district commenced working in 1909, a lease having been grant-

It has been widely recognised thated to the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co. This Sarawak provides the most notable oilfield, which has been so efficiently develop example of a great achievement ined by Lord Bearsted and those exceedingly successful administration of the affairs of able men with whom he is associated, is a population in a lowly, state of culture great triumph for the Shell-Anglo-Saxon produces by means of an autocracy centred in the Asiatic oil group, and now

of person of the British Rajan, who is aided approximately some 400,000 tons a year

high grade out, and shows by advisers and administrators appointed. of much

every prospect greater development. Et is. by himself. This State. thus created with ticularly interesting to recall that, then a population of about 300,000 in 1885 mme this first

now fourteen wasted at the in- under the protection of the British years ago, a clause was Government. Among all such administra stance of the Barawak Government whoreby Live systems, that of Sarawak has been the Company corsaanted that a reserve of distinguished, not only by the rapid not less than 10,000 tons of

liquid

fuel estalliniment of pence, order, and a should always be kept in storage for the modest prosperity with a minimum out supply of ships of the

This was the put of armed force, but especially by

provision reason of the careful way in which the being made for the supply of the British Nary interests of the native population have from oil resources within the Empire, and the consistently been made the prime object example then sot has since been followed of the Government's solicitude. The Sarawak was of special value to the Navy elsewhere. During the war the supply from story of the success of the two first white in Eastern waters Coal of a better quality Rajabe of Sarawak has several times than meat Eastern coal is plentiful

have for

case of such

been told in whole or in part, but I think out the country, and two minangh

her great love for, and sympathy with, the Range Margarot to the late Rajab in peoples of Sarawak, amonger whom the bee anners and customs she knows so well so many enjoyable years, and whose and describes so feelingly in her charming book: "My Life in Sarawak.”

At the conclusion of the Faper a large and varied collection of lantern slides depict ing life in Sarawak were thrown on the screen.

creen to of thanks to, Mr. Hoe was pro- posed by Mr. Chisholm.

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it is well that I should try to give you many years been worked by the Govern some intimate glimpses of the working of ment. There is little doubt that coal of a the system, us it affects the daily lives of much higher quality is, procurable Great the people. In 1840 from the very incep assistance and encouragement have been tion of his rule, Sir James Brooks laid given by the Government to agriculture down and strictly adhered to the principle; An account of this description would be of associating the natives with himself incomplete without some reference to the and his European assistants in the Gov- valuable assistance and help rendered by crament of the country, and of respect

the ing, and mobjektion, in ter loves and positively

laws customs of the people. This policy has been faithfully followed for nearly century; the white Bajabs, instead of im posing any system of European made laws upon the people, as in their position of benevolent despot they might have been tempted to do, have accepted the Moham medan law and custom in all matters affecting the population of the Maham medan religion; they have gradually in-

Admiral Bir Edmund Fremantle, in second- troduced improvements when and where ing,, gave some interesting reminiscences the defects and injustices of the system of early visits to Sarawak, when he was revealed themselves, and in the work, both serving on the China Station. His Grat of administration and legislation, the visit was in 1857 when the Navy was call- Rajahs and their officers have always in to assist in quelling the Chinese He made another visit many years sought and enjoyed the advice and co-

Landw...the. operation of the Malaya - They have

development that had maintained the principal Ministries of Before the meeting terminated the chair-

place. State, and have continued the tenure of man read a letter of apology for absence these offices by the Malay nobles who from Lord Bearsted, in which he wrote: "1 occupied them at the time of Sir James venture to predict that the oil industry will Brooke's accession to power; and, as be the greatest in the Sarawak Protectorato tory to know that it has been developed by one of the greatest ports of the East these men have died or retired the of all its many sesota; and as in the evolu individual, enterprise, unassisted in any the Hajah will probably have the ratio natural course, others have been chosen 1 tion of Barawak itsell, it is most satisfac-way by the British Government When faction of seeing a large fleet of reseniz Üg to fill the vacancies.

(Continised of foot of next column))) the field in fully developed Miri will became {ing the Sarawak flags

ed

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