1921-10-25 — Page 3

Page

CABLES.

EN LATEST CABLES, [THEOUGH TEUTER'S AGESOY

THE HUNGARIAN SITUATION, INSURGENTS MARCH AGAINST

THE GOVERNMENT,“

everything points to a short duration on account of the uncompromising" attitude of the "Little Entente," notably Serbia, whose troops are concentrating on the Hungarian frontier and have au especi. ally perfect understanding with France, England and Italy against any reinstate ment of the Hapsburg regime.

VIENNA, October 23rd.. A mélange from, Budapest states that Sghting is still proceding between the Karlists and the Government forces, who hope to hold out until the arrival of reinforcements.

Insurgents from Hurgenland are" stat- ed to be marching against the Govern-

ment. who have entrusted the ex-Minister, Abb Tass. with the task of inviting Karl to leave the country immediately.

RAILS TORN UP.

Vienna, October 23rd.

Representatives of the Great Powers at Bailapest have lodged protests against Karl's return.-Haris.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, OCTOBER

-LATEST-CABLES. WASHINGTON CONFERENCE. THE CHINA AND JAPAN DISPUTE.

LATEST CARLES

THE BONE OUTRAGE. IN.

SEVEN

PARIS. ARRESTS INCLUDE A

WOMAN.

point of international relations, is large American agitators' conviction was ya fletion in its present divided stats unqualified failure.-Havas.. nad also because (he) believes that when the Powers assemble at Washington both China and Japan will be able to regard. the dispute from a more detached view. point and to see it not as a more local conflict of interests conditioned by the bewildering confusion of prorogative, bat as part of a larger problem in the solution of which both countries are equally interested.

(This telegram is mutilated.) THE RUBBER SITUATION, COLONIAL SECRETARY APPOINTS

COMMITTEE OF INVESTIGATION.

LONDON, October 23rd.

to advise the Secretary of State what measures should be taken to improve the existing situation.

I'

The

arrived.

град

13

ad

OF BRITISH WARSHIP:

LIBBON, October 23rd. British warship Calypos has

The whole country is quiet.

MADRID, October 23rd." A message from Lisbon states that the revolutionary movement at Lisbon is directed by Col. Aire, commanding the The... revolutionaries liberated Corts, the murderer of Presid

BRITISH ASSOCIATION. CHEMICAL WARFARE DENOUNCED,

......

"

1981.

on a new phase.

the

WAT

"

WORK FOR THE LEAGUE

.

earliest times and which has been slabü- German trenches towards the lines rated by various speculative, thinkers the Allies, witnessed one of the most through the intervening ages, hardly bestial episodes in the history of the

STATE'S AID TO SCIENCE,

rested upon an experimental basis until Great War. The world stood aghast, Kh within the memory of men still living such a spectacle of barbariam. German "la" spite of the fact that the atomic kultur apparently had absolutely no LONDON, October 24th.

The British Association for the Ad- theory, as formulated by Dalton, had ethical valgos.. Foisoned weapons are em väncement of Science, held its 83rd been generally accepted for nearly a conployed by savages, and noxious gas had Amongst the representatives of the

Thanks to the measures taken by the annual meeting, last month, at Edin-tury, it was only within the last tow been used in Eastern warfare in early years that physicists had arrived at E times, but its use, was hitherto unknown Foreign Office accompanying the British

conception of the structure of the atom among European nations How it ori Delegation to Washington is Sir John authorities to protect order, and also the buggb.

chemists in connection with the relation the direct unprompted action of the PARIA October thJordan who is to advise regarding China unconcealed disapproval of the peaceful his presidential address Sar Edward sufficiently precise to be of service to ginated among the Germans whether by abie, at the instance of persons connected. Although reports concerning the Hun garian crisia are somewhat conflicting the ground that Chinn, from the view.tion yesterday to protest against the Burgh meeting of the association. Aftyferent kinds, and in throwing light on with the great manufacturing concerns Referring (1) to Japaness arguments on population, the communistic manifeaza Thorpe recalled that it was at the Edinbetween the properties of elements of diffigher Command, or, as is more prob years ago, under Lord Kelvin's presid- the mechanism of chemisal combination in Rhineland, has, so far as I know, not oney, that he first became a member of This further investigation of

transpired. It was not so used in the superlatively grand question the inner the association, and, apropos, he went mechanism of the stomas (the Pre earlier stages of the war, oven when it Foto: Fifty years is a considerable sident continued) profoundly modified hal become a war of position. *BARLIER CABLES.

span in the life of an individual, but it has led to a great extension of our views manufacturin establishments of Ger the basic conceptions of chemistry. It is notorious that the great chemical ད PARIS, October. Zird..

is a relatively short period in the history concerning the real nature of the chem- many had bug for years previously. Seven arrests have been affected in con ot science. Nevertheless, those fifty ical element. The discovery of the sedulously linked up in the service of nection with the bomb outrage referred to in the cable of the 2nd inst,, includers are richer in scientific achievement électron, the production of helium in the the war which Germany was deliberately radioactive disintegration of atoms, the planning probably, in the first instance, ing a waitress named Linthault, who is and in the importance and magnitude of recognition of the existence of isotopor, mainly for the supply of munitions and suspected of throwing a bomb similar to the utilitarian applications of practically the possibility that all elementary atoms medicaments We may suppose that the one that exploded at the house of

of atoms of hydrogen and helium, and failure of repeated attempts to dislodge the American Ambassador, which is be every branch of science than any preced are composed either of helium atoms at was the tenabity of our troops, and the ing similar interval. The most cursory that these atonis, in their turn, are built them by direot attack, that led to the levd to be of English pattern."

parison of the state of science, as re-up of two constituents, one of which of employment of such foul methods. Be PROTECTION OF EMBASSY AND

valed in his comprehensive address, with which is the electron, a particle of nega-this as it may, these methods became CONSULATES.

tive electricity whose mass is only 1/1800 part of the settled practice of our the present condition of those depart of that of an atom of hydrogeny and the enemies." and during the three succeed. ing years, that is from April, 1915, to PARIS, October 3rd."

ments on which he chiefly dwelt, will other a particle of positive electricity September. 1918, no fewer than eighteen A Communist meeting, yesterday, re-suffice to show that the development his whose mass is practically identical with different forms of poison-guos, liquids, sulted in a rather serious affray been such an even Lord Kelvin's pene- that of the same atom-the outcome, in and solids were employed by the Ger hand-grenade

thrown, wounding

short. of the collective work of Soddy, mans. On the principle of Vespasian's Aseveral, chiefs policemen. The Com-rative goods, vivid song nation, and Rutherford, J. J. Thomson, Collie, Mose law, reprisals became inevitable, and for

munists wrath seems directed solely sanguine, temperament could hardly have against the American Government sa anticipated. No previous half-century, inley and others are pregnant facts which the greater part of three years we had have completely altered the fundamental the sorry spectacle of the leading nations account of the recent conviction, of the history of science has witnessed such aspects of the science. Chemical philo of the world Binging the most deadly notorious agitatori. Stringent measures momentous and far-reaching schieve

knowledge could suggest and technical Mr. Churchill has appointed a Com-are being taken in this country for the ments. In pars chemistry it has seen the sophy has, in fact, now definitely entered products at one another that chemical radium by Madamo Curie, of belium as The results of the investigations of skill contrive. Warfare, it would seem ittee under the chairmanship of Sir Erotection of the American Embassy and discovery of argon by Rayleigh, of

ConsulatesHavas.

a terrestrial element by Ramsay, of neon, many scientists into the molecular theory has now definitely entered upon & Row phase The horrors which The Hago. James Stevenson, including. number of

THE REVOLUTION IN xenon, and krypton by Ramsay and of matter ware summarised by Sir Ed-

were imminent, and Convention "Baw Travers, the production of halium from ward, who went on to say that the term from which there to protect human After landing at Ordenburg, Karl prominent representatives of rubber

PORTUGAL,

radium by Bamsay and Soddy, and the atomic weight" had, thus acquired for formed a Monarchist Government and interests, for the purpose of "investigat

isolation of fluorine by Moissan. These the chemist an altogether new and much ity, are now, apparently, by the example would have marched on Budapest, but ing the present rubber situation in the ARRIVAL

are undoubtedly great discoveries, but wider significance. I had long been re- and initiative of Germany, to become their value is enormously enhanced by the cognised that it has a far deeper import part of the established proceduring of the rails on the line between Budapest British Colonies and Protectorates, and

theoretical and practical consequences than as a constant usefu in chemical

arithmetic. For the ordinary purposes} : A Raab were torn up-Haras.

which low from them.

of quantitative analysis, of technology, In applied chemistry it has witnessed and of trade these constants might be retrograde. Surely comity among na Civilisation protests against a step so the general application of the Gilchrist said to be now known with sufficient actions should be adequate to arrest it. If Thomas process of iron-purification, the

the great problem of the essential natura real power, it should be possible for it production of calcium cyanamide by the racy. But, in view of their bearing on the League of Nations is vested with any process of Frank and Caro Sabatiers of matter and on the "superlatively to devise the means, and to ensure their The failure of process of hydrogenation, a widespread grand question, What is the inner successful application.

they became The Hague Convention is no sufficient application of liquefied gases, and mechanism of the stom Haber's work on ammonia synthesis-all of supreme importance. Their deter reason for despair. The moral sense of Mr. E. J. Byrne, of the Daulop. Rubberent Pees in 1918, but President Coelhoemanufacturing processes which have prasmination and study must now be ap the civiisxl world, is not so dulled but tically revolutionised the industries with proached from entirely new standponta that, if roused, it can make its influence And steps should be taken which they are concerned. In pure physics and by the conjoint action of chemists prevail. it has seen the rise of the electron theory

and physicista. The existence of isotopes without delay to make that influence by Lenard, and the elucidation of crystal had enormously widened the horizon. The supreme, and all the more so that there structure by Bragg. It has seen, more time had new arrived when the work of are agencies at work which would boek over the invention of the telephone, the the International Committee apponted in to perpetuate such methods, as a recognis establishment of incandescent lighting, 1903 should he reorganised and its aimsed procedure of war. The case for what electric transmission of force, the inven- and functions extended. The mode in is called chemical warfare has not want tion of the cinematograph, of wireless which this should be done had been disod for advocates. It is argued that telegraphy, the application of the Rontgen cussed at the meeting in Brussels, in poison gas is far less fatal and far less rays, and the photographic reproduction

that among It has been stated of colour. In physical chemistry it has wit. June last, of the International Union of cruel than any other instrument of war Chemistry Pure and Applied, and had re- nessed the creation of stereo-chemistry sulted in strengthening the constitution wore less than 2 per cent. and when death mustard gas' casualties the death: by Yan Hoff and Le Bel, Gibbs's work of the committee and in a wide extendid not ensus complete recovery general on the phase rule, Van 'Hoff's theory sion of its scope...... of solutions, Arrbenius's theory of ionic dissociation, and Nernst's theory of tho

The late war formed the subject of the the Armistice de net bill at all; they galvanic cell. Such a list is far from complete, and might be greatly extend later section of the president's address produce casualties which, after six week in hospital are discharged practically ed. But it will at least serve to indicata That war, he said, had had a pro-

It has beer without permanent hurt. the world. The the measure of progress which the world found effect upon

war, poison is more humane. than owes to the development and application spectacle (he continued) of the most argued that, as a method of conducting and most highly-developed eventive medicine Preventive medi during the last fifty years of the two cultured sciences-physics and chemistry-to which people on this earth. armed with every cine has increased the unit dimension Lord Kelvin specially referred.

offensive appliance which science and the of an army, free from epidemic and com inventive skill and ingenuity of mea municable disease, from 100,000 men M could suggest, in the throes of a "death a million. "Preventive medicine ha After a regretful allusion to the mosti struggle, must have made the angels made it possible to maintain 20,000,000 prejudicial effect of the present high cost weep That dreadful harvest of death is men under arms and abnormally free of book production upon the spread of past, but the aftermath remains. Some from disease, and so provided greater scientific knowledge, the president proof it is evil, and the evil will persist for core for the killing activities of th eceded: All thinking men are agreed it may be, generations. There is, how other military wespons. Whilst the that science is at the basis of national ever, an element of good in it, and the surprise effects of chemical warfar progress. Science can only develop by re-good, we trust, will develop and increase aroused anger as being contrary to mili search. Research is the mother of discovery with increase of years. The whole com tary tradition, they were minute com and discovery of invention. The industrial plexion of the world-material, social, pared with those of preventive medicine position of a nation, its manufactures economic, political, moral, spiritual The former alew ite thousands, whilst the and commerce, and ultimately its wealth, has been changed, in certain aspects im latter slew its millions and is still reap depend upon invention. Its welfare and mediately for the worse, in others prosing the harvest." stability largely rest upon the equitable pectively for the better. It behoves us This argument carries no conviction distribution of its wealth. Of all post then, as a nation to pay heed to the Poison gas is not merely contrary war problems to engage our serious at

Europena military tradition it is re tention none is more important in regard lessons of the war.

The Great War differed from all prepugnant to the right feeling of civilise According to L'Echo de Paris, Cilieïs

to aur position and continued existence is to be evacuated by the French troops

than the nation's attitude towards vious internosine struggles in the extent humanity." It in no wise displaces o under guarantees ensuring protection

science and scientific research and thero to which organised science was invoked supplants existing instruments of waz of ethnical minorities.

is no more opportune time than the pre- and systematically applied in its pro- but creates a new kind of weapon, o power and deadlines Le Matin writes that the uneasiness

sent in which to seek to enforce the teach-secution. In its later phases, indeed limitless.

Mustard gas may be a comparativel manifested in a certain section of the

The draw for playing in the championing of one of the most pregnant lessons success became largely a question as to British Press is perfectly groundless, as ship tournament took place last night as of our late experience which of the great contending parties innocuous product as lothal substance could most rapidly and most effectively 89. It certainly was not intended to b France is impelled by no hidden motive follows:-

It is, unfortunately, only too true that bring its resources_to_their_aid. The such by our enemis. Nor, presumably whatever. The Franco-Turkish Agree

the industrial world has in the past un-chief protagonists had been in the fore-when they retaliated with it.. Its effec were the Allies-any-more-considera ment is directed against nobody, and

derrated the value of research. One in front of scientific progress for centuries; indeed, were sufficiently terrible to de aims-solely-at the renewal-of-the-old-

dication that the nation is at length and had an accumulated experience of traditional friendship.-lavor.

REPORTED DEFECTIONS OF „ GOVERNMENT TROOPS.

VIENNA, October 23rd.

Events in Hungary are difficult appraise owing to the interruption telephonic communication.

to

of

Humours are current that Karl has already entered Budapest.

Karl'a

Defections from the Government troops- are reported in several cases, notably the whole of the garrison at Oedenburg and part of the Budapest garrison. forces are estimated at.. three divisions. and Admiral Horthy's at about the same #trength.

LITTLE ENTENTE" THREATENS

TO INTERVENE.

The Committee includes Mr. G. E. A. Grindle of the Colonial Office, Sir Stanley Bois, Sir Edward Brockman,

Company, the Hon, Mr. William Duncan,

of the Straits Rubber Company, Mr. Erie Miller, of Harrisons and Crosfeld, and Sir Edward Rosling, of the "Anglo- Ceylon and General Estates Company.

BULGARIAN MINISTER

ASSASSINATED,

SOFIA, October 3rd. An unknown assussia has murdered. M. Dimitroff, Minister for War.- Harus.

1)

.: GERMAN POLITICS: DR. WIRTH TO RECONSTRUCT THE

PRAGUE, October 23rd. The Premier, M. Bence, has announced partial mobilisation and has declared' that the Little Entente is prepared to Havar met in concert.

יז

CABINET.

PARIS. October 22nd. The Wirth Cabinet has resigned.---

PARIS, October 23rd.

After & Cabinet Council, it was semi- Anmessage from Berlin states that Dr. officially stated that the Little Entente Wirth has agreed to reconstruct the is determined to secure a definitive settle-Cabinet on the same basis as at present. ment of the Hapsburg question. A com. munication has been made to the Allies in that sense.

The Little Entente has threatened mili tary intervention if the Hungarian Government is unable to hinder Karl's retura Havās.

:

VIENNA, October 22nd. According to information wired to the Inter-Allied Commission ex-King Charles arrived by aeroplane at Adenburg in Hungary yesterday afternoon.-Havas.

EARLIER CABLES.

EARLIER CABLES.

FRANCO-TURKISH AGREEMENT.

NO OCCASION FOR BRITISH UNEASINESS.

PARIS, October 22nd. In the course of a speech in the Chamber, yesterday, M. Briand stated that France. and Turkey came to an agreement which has just been ratified by CARLISTS FOUR MILES FROM THE the Turkish Parliament.

CAPITAL.

VIENNA, October 23rd. A Budapest telegram states that the Carlista have arrived at Budacers, four: miles from the capital, and clashed with Government troops. whom Admiral Horthy is reported to be loading in person

The battle is still proceeding. RECENT SAID TO HAVE FLED. PARIS, October 23rd.

It is reported from Borlin that the Hungarian Regent, Admiral Horthy, has fed from Budapest.

MARTIAL LAW AT BUDAPEST,

BUDAPEST, October 23rd,

Martial law has bean declared in the

city.

..

FRANCO-KEMALIST AGREEMENT.

TERMS OF THE PACT,

CONSTANTINOFLE, October-2ård.

By the Franco-Kemalist Agreement

The Government is becoming mentioned in the cable of the 21st inst., master of the situation, and has decided Francs undertakes

to support the

to take energetio action to end Karl's Turkish claims to Thrace and Smyrna in

"adventure.

ment.

return for proferential commercial treat It is semi-officially stated that by Law 1. of 1020 Karl cannot in any way exer- cise rights as Sovereign of Hungary, and that he must leave the country forthwith. The Government has taken the necessary

FORNIATES.

BELGRADE, October 23rd.

insurgent 'troops.

is said to have ordered his re-arrest.

COUP ALLEGED TO BE BOLSHEVISTIC.

PARIS, October 23rd. A Vigo telegram to the Echo de Paris states that the revolutionary movement in Portugal is of a Bolshevist character.

General Rose, commending the Oporto Division, is reported to be marching on Lisbon.

OROWN "COLONIES.

LOANS FOR DEVELOPMENT WORKS

The Observer learns that Kenya is about to raise a loan, probably of £5,000,000, in England for public works.

A further sum of ten to twelve millions will be raised in the next few months by other Crown Colonies for development works.

#

U.S. RAILWAYMEN'S DISPUTE GENERAL STRIKE CONSIDERED "IMPROBABLE.

COLUMBUS (0.), October 23rd. Mr. Daugherty, the Attorney-General, has arrived en route to Washington.

It is predicted that there will be no general railway strike.

SPORT.

GOLF.

ROYAL HONGKONG GOLF CLUB CHAMPIONSHIP.

THE DRAW.

BYRS-T. W. Hill, N. L. Smith.

FIRST BOURD,"

M. M. Maas v. A. E. CrapasII.

R. E. Lindsoll v. F. Syme Thomson. C. L. C. Bandes v. B. N. Ireland. H. G. Bagnall v. J. Hooper."

3. D. Kinnaird v. H. R. Buckland."

A. H. Ferguson v. Leslie-Smith.

J. B. Boss . F. J. de Rome.

B. Bruce v. F..S. Harrison.

A. B. Stewart. R. K. Valentine.

R. A. Camidge 2. C. Bulmer Johnson.

H. W. Rodger v. A. B. Purves. E. J. R. Mitchell ». A. H. Orew BYEF A. Redmond, R. Melville

Bmith 1st Round to be played on 6th November.

12

2nd 3rd Semi-final Final

H

13th 11

soth 13

LAWN BOWLS.

AN EPOCH, IN OUR HISTORY.

LESSONS OF THE WAR,

Other ly ultimately resulted materials of chemical warfare in uscist

Bas

..

aroused to its importance is to be seen the manifold applications of science in that the Allies were preparing to emplo troy the German moral, The knowledg in the establishment of the Department practically every department of human it to an a'most boundless extent was on of Scientific and Industrial Research, activity that could have any possible re of the factors that determined our enemi with its many subordinato associations. lation to the conduct of war. The mill to sue for the Armistice. But if poison The outbreaks of the Great War, and tary class in every country is probably ous chemicals are henceforth to be much in its subsequent bistory, revealed the most conservative of all the profes garded as a regular means of offence i as we all know, 'many national shortsions and the slowest to depart from warfare, is it at all likely that their u comings, due to our indifference to and tradition. But when nations are at will be confined to mustard gas,*"** actual neglect of many things which are grips, and they realise that their very indeed to any other of the various sul at the root of our prosperity and sec existence is threatened, every agency etances which were employed up to th rity During the war, and at its close, that may tend to cripple the adversary is date of the Armistice To one who various attempts, more or less unconnect apt to be resorted to no matter how fur after the pesco, inquired in German fed, were made to find a remedy. Of the it departs from the customs and conven- concerning the German

methods a several committees and boards which tions of war. This is more cez din to Wo" Why are you worrying about this whe making mustard gas," the reply was were set up, those which still exist have the case if the struggle is protracted. Wo now been co-ordinated and brought have, witnessed this fact in the course you know perfectly well that this is t under the control of a central organiof the late war. Those who, realising the gas we shall use in the next war}" sation the Department of Scientific and that in the present imperfect stage of I hold no brief for preventive medicin Industrial Research. Research has now civilisation, wars are inevitable, and yet which is well able to fight its own cas become a national and Stato-aided ob strove to minimise their horrors," and I would only say that it is the legitima ject. For the first time in our history who formulated The Hague Convention business of provontive medicine to pr its pursuit with us has been organised by of 1889 were well aware how these hor-serve by ail known means the healthy Government, action. The establishment | rors might be enormously intensified by any body of men, however large or smal This match is to be played on the of the department marks an epoch in our the applications of scientific knowledge, committed to its care. It is not to ground of the Craigengower Cricket Club history. No such comprehensive organi and especially of chemistry. on Saturday next, commencing at 245sation for, the application of science to p.m. The finalists are Mr. de B. Ed-national needs has ever been created by her dr LONDON, October 23rd.in

wards,of the Kowloon Bowling Green any other State.--We may-eny we owe it. The Hungarian Legation in London

Club, and Mr. J. Clark, of the Police directly to the Great War-Even from states that the Ministers of the great:

Mr. Clark has come to the fore the evil of that great catastrophe there is Powers in Budapest have - presented a

this season and was selected as one of some soul of goodness would we observ. Noto to the Hungarian Government re-

the Hongkong representatives in the ringly distil it out... peating the decision of the great Powers Karl's freal ecapade has produced a tent Interport match with Shanghai, at the time of Karl's previous: escapade, profoundly bad impression in Switzer when Hongkong proved victorious. Mr. in April last; and have asked the Govern-land. It is fairly certain that Karl has Clark on that occasion well justified his sent to tako steps to remove Karl from burned his boats, inasmuch as the inclusion in the team. Mr. Edwards Hungary without bloodshed, emphasising Federal Council will not allow Him to won the Open Championship in 1911, that this is necessary in order to safe return to Switzerland, and will compel With two rach ablo exponents of the guard the peace of Europe.

bis accomplices to leave Bwitzerland royal and ancient game," an excellent (Continued et foot of next column:) forthwitha.

j-tussle should be witnessed

In view of Karl's action, the Govern- ment has decided to take urgent meas

THE POWERS AND THE GOVERNMENT.

The Government has replied that it is taking every step to induce Karl to leave the country, and it is stated that- the Government bas sufficient force to prevent Karl's entry into Budapest. It is supposed that Karl has a few thousand troops.

PARIS, October 23rd.

The Conference of Ambassadors meets to-morrow to discuss the developments

the situation in Hungary.

0

“ BURNED HIS BOATS."

BAREE, October 23rd.

B.O.

OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP FINAL:

discredit it by knowledge and skill, th numbers so maintained run into million MAA - BESTIAL::KPIBODE.!!

Instead of being limited to thousand Nothing-shocked the conscience of the On the other hand, an educated publ civilised world more than Germany's opinión" will refuse to give credit cynical disregard of the undertaking into any body of scientific men who empl which she had entered with other nations their talents in devising means in regard, for instance, to the use of develop and perpetuato a mode of we lethal gas in warfare. The nation that fare which is abhorrent to-the bigh MOLECULAR TIZORY OF MATTEE

This associatie treacherasuly violated the Treaty of Bel- instincts of humanity. Thi The President-next turned to a quer gium, and even applauded the action, I trust, will set its face against the co tion of scientific interest which he said, might be expected to have no scruples in tinued degradation of science in the was attracting general attention at the repudiating har, obligations under The augmenting the horrors of war. It cou present time-the molecular theory of Hague Convention April 25th 1916, have no loftier task than to use its gre matter, a theory which in the crudest which saw the clouds of the asphyxist indusnes in arresting a course which form has deconded to us from the ing chlorine slowly waited from the the very begation of clviisition