1920-03-11 — Page 2

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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, MAKOH 11TE,

·1920

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116

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EARL HAIG'S BOOK OP THE JAPAN'S FOREIGN TRADE IN

الاب :

WAR.

MARSHAL FOCH'S TRIBUTE..

As a tribute to the valour of the British soldier and the character of the British nation," Lord. Haig has reprinted in two volumesãe of them containing mapa-the dispatches in which he inform ed the British Government and the Bri- tish people of the prowess and progress of the British armies under bis command, says the London Timer..

As Lord Haig explains in his preface, his dispatches do not claim to be a com- plete and fins! account," yet, because they were put together under the imme- diate strain of battle while the results of the decisions and actions they recount were still undetermined.

They poe sess an atmosphere of their own which gives them definite historical import. ance." It is a just claim, for, a Marshal Foch states in the introduction, he has written for the yolumes, they are his torical documents of the highest order. They are also human documents. We can trace in them again all the deferred hopes and the long agonies of the conflict can see in them the making of the New Armies, and can in retrospect fight again the Battles which ended in the crowning victorice of August to November 11th, the grantett fights and the greatest succes over known by British arms.

»

These dispatches are--Lord Haig in forms, na-published substantially as them appeared in The London Gazette. A few nbica are added, a few minor errors cor- rected, and more important the names of divisions, which were formerly with held from motives of secrecy, are now made known, together with the exploits which won their renown.

MARSHAL FOCH'S TESTIMONY,

1919.

"INCREASE OVER 1918

Many interesting changes are observ able in the records just published by the Finance Ministry of Japan's trade in 1919 with other countries.

Japan's trade with Asia as a whole re sulted in the excess of importa over ex- ports having come up to Y.855,145,874 while imports reached Y,1,074,370,971. While exports increased only Y.19,304,829 imports increased by Y.281,657,689. The principal factor which worked this change was Japan's necessity to import food- stuffs from India, Siam, Manchuria and Franch Indo China. Those countries in- ported rice into Japan. The Dutch East Indies imported into Japan more cargo than she bought from Japan and for this Japan's purchase of eugar from Jars was responsible.

"TRADE WITH FUROFE

Im

the excess of exports over imports.

Japan's trade with Europe resulted in ports reached Y.102,508,481 while exporta comparison of 1919's figures with those of came up to Y,194,860,727. However, the 1913 displays quite a striking change in the Japan-European trade. Exports de creased by Y.103,483,791 while importa from Europe increased by T.80,182,786. This increase in imports was especially visible in the records for Great Britain, Switzerland, and Sweden. Great Britain's imports reached Y,197,541,969 ngainat 7.68,511,257 for the previous year while Japan's exports to Great Britain reached Y,111,343,463 against Y. 142,866,369 for the previous year. Switzerland's importa reached Y.8,843,208 against 2,978,103 for the previous year, Switzerland's purchase from Japan on the other hand dearenaed from Y579,569 for 1918 to Y.408,007 Sweden's importa ~~renched

Turkey, and some other amall countries, and the size of gains was small.

WITH NORTH AMERICA.

In his introduction to this, "the only YI1,284,601 against Y.3,700,043 for 1918 available official account of a most splen-France also increased her imports into did and most critical period in our na Japan from Y3,730,147 for 1918 to tional existenon." Marshal Foch declares Y.,831,291 while her purchase from Japan.

"Written with the strictest regard for the truth and scrupulously exact to the fall off from Y.142,198,063 for 1918 10 mallest details, these reports are dis X.66,813,489. Any increase in Japan's tinguished by their unquestionable lofti exports was registered in records for ness and breadth of view. The informa Germany, Belgiam, Holland, Sweden, tion that they give, not only on the opera Norway, Bussi, tions themselves, but also on the condition

Spain, Denmark of the troops on the changes made in their training and their formation dur ing the course of the war-constitufen them historical documents of the highest order. They throw into relief the special character piro provided, the unremitting labours of of euch contingent that the Em- the staffs, and define their respective morita. They are a record in fact, of the work, thanks to which all rankis rapidly improved their fighting experi ence and professional skill, and adapted them to a struggle fall of surprises. They give & pioture of the enormous tank devolving apon the various services charged with supplying the

ever growing needs of a modern army."

no

Explaining that sometimes the

sulted in an excess of exporte, as shown Japan's trade with North America re below:-

United States...Y.228,097,691 Y.766,381,438 Countrica Exports. Imparts. Canads

6,120,416 377,833

Merida Others

Total

24,839,553

3,355,704

3,002,020

773,779

-Y.857,094,304 Y.773,450,848

WITH CANADA.

Only in the case of Canada both importa and exports-decreased as compared with

not deal with the underlying* 20 in all other ngures as compared

Marahal Foch explains that this was.

with 1918 a fair gain was registered. In the trado-with-Soutr Azerica the rauft waa

cause they could not be allowed to give the excess of exports over imports, but it to the enemy information which might

be of value to him. And here he takes be noted that boch exports and im the opportunity to state that the Cis-Portfell away badly. Exports reached patches do no state why the period of de 0,0,4to, wafen ngure wala a decrease cision was so short while the period of Imporis reached 1.18,183,300, which figure of 1.16,052,546 as compared with 1915. attrition was so long.

Still lean do they explain the change was a faling off of 1.2,691,596. Inx in the decisive period when the Allies ports the heaviest decrease was registered advanced to victory at the double, calyor. Argentina and Brazil. The only in- ato be stopped by the German capitula crease was noted in the figure for Peru. tion at the Armistice The results are in imports a decrease was noted in the briefly set forth, their causes are not figure for Argentina. The imports from explained. All mention of the band af other countries increased. which guided the instrument is omitted. We may be allowed to make good this deficiency, in which the all-important part played by the British Higher Com "mand is lost to sight."

Marshal Foch eks who could have seen the signs of that fatal attrition (of the German Army) in April, May, June and July of 1918.

Was there no danger tha the conflict of armies of the finest quality like that of the British, might end in disaster an less they possessed a Hizber Command capable of dominating the situation... able to take the troops in hand again

WITH AFRICA.

the excess of imports; exports having The Japan-African trade resulted in reached Y.24,781,005 while imports reach ed .34,578,076 Exports decreased by 123,120,120 from 1918. Imports increased on the other hand by Y.15,203,411 Egypt and Cape Town are responsible for the substantial gain in importa. The trade with Oceania also resulted in the excess of importa Imports reached Y.68,414,079 against Y.67,580,562 for 1918 while exports reached Y.46,156,978 against Y.82,915,460 for 1918. Japan imported a great quan

to attack with such violence, tity of wheat from Australia last year, it dash and such never surpassed **** blows as were is to be noted.

LONG, TALE OF VICTORIES.

Higher Command and stats were, says Marahal Foch, more than equal to their

Linked up with these hammer blows"

taska." They kept the enemy in playwere the actions of the French, American, they multiplied lines of resistance, they kept mobile their rearved

Thus it was that, thanks in particular to the activities of the British Higher Command and to their grasp of the needs of the situation,

and also Belgiana, who struck blows eral plan of this converging assault, ex- which told no less powerfully in the gen- tending from the North Sea to the Moselle.

divisions were ore than 200 German Never at any time in history has the

British Army achieved greater results in attack than in this unbroken offensive tasting 16 days from July 18th, to No-

short in their offensive by a smaller number of Allied divisions, and our defensive proved to be victorions: The same bust be said fovember th. The victory gained was the support lent by the British troops other armies during our actual offensive

In order to estimate the ardor md en durance of those troops during this, final stage, it will be enough to tention the dates and importance of the main events

Battle of Amiens August 8-13,in which the Fourth Argy took 22,000 prisoners and more than 400 guns.

Battle of Bapaume-August 21st Sep tember 1st Third Army and left wing of the Fourth Army; 34,000 prisoners, 270 guns.

indeed complete, thanks to the excellence of the commanders of armies, corps, and divisions, thanks above all to the un- selfishness, to the wise, loyal, and getic policy of their Commander-in-Chief, ener who made easy a great combination, and Annctioned prolonged and gigantic effort. Was it not the insight of an ex perichced and which led him to intervene as he did, with enlightened commander his own Government on March 24th, 1918, and with the Allied Governments as Battle of the Scarpe-August 28th-Sep-end tast the French and British armies sembled at Doullens on the 9th., to the tember 3rd., First Army; 16,000 prisoners, might, at once be placed under a single Battle of Havrincourt and Epeby Eop-ou should thereby suffer! In the events command, even though his personal post- tember 12th-18th, Fourth and Third that followed, did he not prove that Armies; 12,000. prisoners, 100 guns, he was above all anxions to anticipate Battle of Cambrai and the Hindenburg and move in perfect harmony with the Line September 17th October thy general Allied plan, framed by the new Fourth, Third and First Armies, which Supreme Command p ended in the breaking of the Hindenburg Line and in the capture of 35,000 priku gaps which prevent the reader from *** On this point the dispatches contain

grasping all the reasons for our victory

120 pers

Book

200

Apply t

pho Secretary.

care of

Trattic

Dept. "Empurian Government. Kallways,

Tokys.

guna.g

Battle of

་་

em and 380-80ders September 28th. truth: compelled me to complete their

October 14th, Second Army

Battle of Le Catean October eh-12th Fourth, Third and First Armies:

Battle of the Selle October 17th 25th Foutrh and Third Armies; 20,000, prison- ors. 475 guns.

S

Battle of the Bambre November 1st. 11th. Fourth, Third and First Armies; 18,000 prisoners, 450 gans,

(Continued at foot of nezi Ogluma)

account."

Bo explicit a a statement from the of the Generalissimo to the active part. taken by Sir Douglas Haig (as he was then) in the establishment of the Supreme Command should once and for all disposs fender opposed and viewed with recent of the malicious stories that the British

ment he fateful and victory-producing decision of Doullens

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