1919-11-07 — Page 7

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LEAGUE AND ITS CRÍTICS. They said. with great truth, that the

keeping of peace must ultimately deperdj upou the wishes of men; that even though, it were true that mong of them desired Fea, etahumanity, being prone to oil, is Jiable to be overwhelmed by" gusts of passion which "hurry them into wars,

and for this," said these crities,

LORD R, CECIL'S. REJOINDER.

TOWER OF WORLD, PUBLIC OPINION. At the meeting of the International Brotherhood Congress at the City Temple on September 17th are address by Lord Ebbert Cecil on

The League sol

Nations" was read by Mr. W. Ward,

"there:

only one remedy, and that must be a spiritual one the regeneration of man- Lori Robert himself not being present.

kind.** All this was true enough. If wel We were rightly thankful, said Lord

relied upon the provisions of the Coven Robert Cecil, for our glorious victory.

ant to preserve pesce, we should be liv-1 The alternative to victory world have been the victory of Germany, and all in a fool's paradise. The most that that that would have meant for Christiany instrument, of that kind could de WA to remove obstacles from the path civilization. We were right, therefore, to

of peace, and allow the better nature of} rejcice, to praise the gallantry and skill

mankind to have its full influence on of our sailors and soldiers, and to reward international relations, them for their devotion and courage, "The real mutive for peace must be But war was a horrible thing, involving sought elsewhere. In the application of every kind of moral and material disas the principles of Christianity to inter. tera Christians had no excuse for mis-national relations lay the only solution apprehension on the subject. 'The teach-

of the problem. And if it were so ing of the bible was quite clear. If war

great responsibility rested on the British wits tolerated by Christian communities people. They professed themselves to be it was only because, it was a necessary evil. Horrible as it was, it was better than condoning erime, and until something could be put in its place to restrain inter national wrongdoing: war increasing. were bound to believe it would increase, an ferocity and destructiveness was our only resource. But we were bound by every dictate of Christianity and huma

Christian nation, and when all dedue- tions had been made there was an ele ment of truth in that profession. Chriss in internationalism was not easy to achieve. It might not be possible always simply to apply to nations, the precepts of Christian morality as they affected individuals. But that should be our

nity to do our best to get rid of this refiendeavour, and it was the duty of every citizen of the Empire to approach the of barbarism"

consideration of international problems with the firm resolve to be guided not by a narrow congrption of national in rests, but by the broad principles of mercy and pity, of truth and of justice. It was not the Covenant of the League of

Nations which could save humanity and civilization, but the spirit which under lay the Covenant. (Cheers)

13

DISAPPOINTED IDEALISTH

}

Dr. Gilbert Murray said that in the distress and perils through which the world was passing the true principle to guide us was that of brotherhood, other principle he took for granted, the principle of singerity; we must ince

An-

There was general agreement that for the settlement of international, disputes and the enforcing of international justice u substitute for war should be found. But diferentes of opinion arose upon any particular suggestion. As far as be. knew every method of keeping' peace ex- sept the League of Nations had been tried and had rared Time after time alliances formed with the object of preserving peace bad been a provocation to, war. The Holy Atack, that great instrument of European oppression, began in this way, and in modern times scarcely any inter national contation But been turned which, howeve: Defarious its real aima, did not protess to be an instrument offsets. The League of Nations would not peace- ape they had the balance of be really im existence until the Pence power, the inevitable reply to any por. Treaty was ratified, but the machine was tial" alliance; and the Concert of Europe, they and gould be criticised. The result the forerunner perhaps, of the League milar to that of a man', direnen of Nations, which, though ultimately in colhing true disappointment because it effective, was, in some degree beneficial as

ww.aot like the dream. The League was thought of as a new, Brotherhood of The one expedient long as it lasted.

Nations and it was found to be a large that had so far never been put "into ope. ration was an agreement among all the Government office and secretariat of on powers of the world and it was essential unusually cumbres kind, and an office more dificult to run than most. Many that all the powers should be included in it to set up a new anternational system,

idealists were disappointed; they said it on the basis of international co-operation,

was composed of the Foreign Offices of That was the fundamental idea of the various nations, it was not what, they

· League of patrons, as establissed the wanted: Above this great office was a Covenant. It had numerous critics, Soe Cabinet of Minister of England, France, appened quite frankly to national sui- fishness. itey were pernapa commoner Italy, Japan, and, it was boped, of the in ne United States than in tals coun- United States, together with representa try, but they existed here. we are tives of four lesser Puwers, and idealists strong, they say,und any change in said it was but a glorijed cabal, not a the existing system must diminish our council of mankind.

world."

"ENGLIGHTENED''

SUPREMACY,

..

power "'; and some of them added, "since The main duties of the League would we are the most enlightened of the be to administer its own charter and the bations our supremacy is good for the Treaty of Paris. Idealists might say they cared nothing for the Treaty," "it was not | a charter of human liberty, and the Every self-respecting nation regarded League would be but an engine of old diplomacy with increased power. But itself as the most enlightened; even the the League had to be made out of exist Prussian did so before the war; and ing materials. It had to be made up of such was the argument by which they nations exbausted, embittered, suffering defended their attempt to dominate the from the strain of war, desolated, half world. Others, more subtle, argued that bankrupt. It was too new to have thrust the idea of a League of Nations was all upon it a complete constitution. In a right, but that the Covenant contained few years and under peace conditions the this or thas provision which would so powers of the League might be defined interfere with national self-love or and extended Meantime we must bet national interests that it would lead to allow the law of the League to be defed, friction and ultimately to war rather The Turks had openly announced their than to peace Men who argued thus intention of continuing massacres in surely forgot that the conception under Armenia if left alone, and we must see lying the whole Covenant was that a world that they were not left alone. (Cheers) peace could only be established by the In the discussion which followed, operation of a world-public opinion. The shop Brewing (Winnipeg) suggested ne framers of the Covenant believed that swar memorial the establishment of a the peoples of the world never really de great international university. sired war, and that it always arose either from sonie international misunderstand-

"

BISMARCK'S PRESS.

ing or from the ambition of a relatively Mr. JA. Spender, editor of the West. small group of men. Unless this post-minster Gazette, in his paper on "Bra late was true it must be admitted that therhood and the Press referred to Bis

there was no hope for the success of the marek a manipulation of the Fross, and League or indeed for the future of said he would gladly see the League of civilization. If it were really true that Nations have the power publicly to de men were so mad that a majority, or even nounce those who were convicted of bri- a large fraction, of civilized mankind bing or suborning the Press, or of accept did desire war for its own sake then ing bribes for the promotion of inter- undoubtedly wars would occur.. But if, tional discord A Government-con- on the contrary, it were true that every trolled Prass would have all the vices and thinking man and women must passion- none of the virtues of the present system, ately desire peace, then it would seem lead to despotism and the foolish produc that if your could only secure time fortion of official moniteurs. An educated men's passions to cool before they engaged public could not be long deceived by a in war and opportunity for them to know newspaper and were assisted variety the full facts of any international dis of opinions and conflicting views. Но pute, their common sense would ensure looked with anxiety at the tendency to the preservation of peace It was to pro-léombine a large number of newspapers vide machinery for such delay and conunder one control. It might lead to dis sideration that the Covenant was framed, semination of machine made opinions. He and all its provisions, its permanent would like to have the law altered to secretariat, its encouragement of peaceful bring home full responsibility to every co-operation amongst nations, ite insist writer in a newspaper that he might not ence on international publicity, its advo take shelter under the publisher and cacy of international disarmament, were editor. all intended to subserve that one great, object. (Cheera.) · ···

In a short discussion, Mr. B. Chandra Pal, an Indian delegate, pleaded for a There were those who held that say free Press in India, and the submission attempt by material provision to enforce to the League of an annual record of the peace was doomed to disappointment exercise of mandatory power,

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