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THE HONGKONG - DAILY IRESS, THÖRSDA1, JULY 31ST, 1919.

[42

HAPPY HIT

CIGARETTES

I'L'S TOASTED."

"A LEAP IN THE DARK.”

THE

CASE AGAINST

NATIONALISATION,

+

India

BUY KHALIL "I

These two thing the motive force of the reality of the case is that it ia-MONTAGU, THE REFORMER proit and the power of brains are the formation as to the general counitíona of essential bases of the organisation of; the industry and as to matters directly

THE STATESMAN WHO LEADS industry. As. to the suggestion "that the anecting the men be fully and freely

INDIA TO PROGRESS motive of public service is an efficient sub- given, and of a sound systðin of advisory MR. LESLIE SCOTT AND THE COAL stitute for the motive of private gain, committees be established, the men will in ALT. Scott quotes Dr. A. Shadwell, writtet get an effective voice in the direction COMMISSION.

The most momentous measure affecting of the industry." ing in The Times:

India and one of hardly less momen; for Even in the intense atmosphere of an

CONSTRUCTIVE PROPOSALS,

England. has just been succesfully pilut- Now on the Find main question, Do you extreme national emergency the motive

such a system is onered to me dining ed through its second reading, in the think this the mines in this country would of public service had but a partial and

House of Commons without a division by give us the output which is necessary at the chequered influence. How anyone can be. Association in the provuaring space

outlined by Lora Canoni, spremt zed- | Mr. Montagu, the Secretary of State for. lieve that it would change the psychology price which is necessary, if they are cen-attributed to miners and railwaymen by Aratives) and run as a national coomero a

their own spokesmen passes my compras hension. Experience furnishes no reason compared with the present or some interior it, and every reason against it. There mediate conditjun?"

are men in public services. I agree, who work with not less zeal and devotion than in private employment or on their own But what influence hay the motivi of public service on the rank and We come into contact daily with chem in post others, and they present a noticeable contrast to those with whom we came into simurlar contact in private busi.

Sir Richard Redatayne:

sav.

"No man can

-This a leap in the "bark."

NATIONALISATION,

The above passage from the evidence of Sir Richard Bedmayne, K.C.B... has special interest in view of the importance which has been attached to certain other

dicta of the same witness, before the Coal

Commission.

Mr. Leslie Scott, KC, M.F., prints it in the fly-leaf, his final speech to the Commission. Which is an eloquent and comprehensive statement of the against Nationalisation.

account.

ness

Lunes or watch ale the collaumension Lil

n.cn

Akumalaals Appoined Sy

LHO

تادها

L

When Mr. Montagu made a famins memsetres of the average cost per ton of speech in the House a few days before their district, and textaurshiment de tro production și coll up the concerns, ol

the prunouncement of August 20th, 1917, w Joint Advisory Committees on a matters in which he arraigned the existing system of government in India as a soulless, relating to saiety, production, cowiency,

lenden bureaucracy, out of touch with the and the well-being of the workers. Berd

spirit of the time and the feelings of the tụ được khi cho stunden wage.

Indian people, the general verdiet was return on capass, and any balance zu be

that he had said more than was justifiable divided between Capivar alla Labour

And helE,

on the facts, and more than was diserçet eloquent passage, It is vital to from the Nos of an ex-Under Secretary anru the two conditions producent to ↳ Eof State. But Mr. Lloyd George, becom

consideration et any measuresing almost immediately Prime Minister. directed towards industrial praces without the slightest hesitation mail, the

Says Mr. Scott, 14 an

is that ure prontalking basis U

salte Friendliness and alacrity are re placent by a frigid and repellent demean- bury which at best is eurbed to a weary indifference, and at worst expands into positive rualeness. Public service! They perform it with the air of conferring a favour very much against their will.

On the question of Housing and Safety, Mr. Scott points out how, by skilfully Mr. Stolt appears as counsel for the Royalty Owners and the Mining Associa-exaggerating. certain features of the

miner's calling, and stadiously advertis tion of Great Britain the colliery pring certain exceptional instances of bat prietors bus his speech is conceived on housing, etc., the advocates of nationali broad lines, and approaches the problemation have fostered a totally wrong i from the standpoint of national interest.

pression, and dare grave injustice the managers and proprietors of mines.

HOUSING.

THE 4COPE OF THE INQUIRY. His first task is to clear the ground. Certain passages in the First Report of the Commission suggested that they had prn-judged the issue of the present in quiry, unde in principle already deter mined on Nationalisation. This. how evir, is almost incunceivable in view of the fact that the first inquiry was express. ly litaited to wages and hour..

Mr. Scott emphasises the impossibility of determining a problem of such.com- plexity and vastness in a short space of time by merely examining witnesses!! a sentarment expressed by Sir Eric Geddes on the nationalisation of railways,

The aution is whether the normal penar-time napmisation of the industry in right or wrong and whether it should be exchanged for nationalisation; if not, what changes (if any) should be made in itt

THE RECORD OF PRIVATE GWSERSHIP.

Mr. Statt gues, op to examine the positive record of British coal mining under private ownership. He sketches the development of qutput and the export trade in the 10 years, preceding the war, and pays a striking tribute to the mining engineers of Great Britain, and to the technical and scientific advance of British coal mining, quoting an opin ion of Sir Richard Redmayne that under private enterprise British mines have been laid out better than those of any other country, with the possible exception of Belgium.

The industry employs over 1,100,000 men, at sales or reluuneration ansurpass

industry is right" and not wrong; bespoken orator Secretary of State, and cause progress depends upon private hardly was Mrs. Montagn installed at the India Office when he made in Parlin- initiative and enterprise, and it is im possible to dispense wi surce of personita gan. that manuur gek cannot take the place o Intellectual capacity...

Win Like

isement, without any opposition--indred,

13

Without exciting criticism or comment the famous pronouncement of August, 1917, after which came his own visit to India. and out of which came the joint report of himself and Lord Chelmsford, the two commissions of Lord Southborough, the three despatches of the Government oĚ India, and the Bill

Chce these two axions of civilise tion are fully understood and recognis ed, controversy, an ne fitted from the unreal to the real. But so long us the workers imagine that orain power is unnecessary or that the wheels of pro- gress ****

still revolve it the motivo.

W power of prout is cut off so man

will they scott Alt profit sharing schemes stspect the owners invitation to can; suit with them in the management of the industry. Judged by this unreal standard, the proposals of the Mining association may be criticised..

But judged by the standard of reality, ject. submit that they are a real contribution uwarus industrial Peace in the Mining industry.

Of course, the Bill has yet to pass through a joint committer of the Lordla and Commons, composed, it may be hoped 'and swumed. nf mambers of both Houers with knowledge of the country and the problems involved other than such as is derived from a hasty cold weather tour or from the study of a parliamentary sub-

Housing is national questions Tequir ing a national remedy. It has nothing to do with Nationalisation. The houses of the miners in the State mines of Germany are as bad as the worst houses of Hamil. tan. The remedy is to be found in the Housing Bill now before Parliament, and preferably in the formation of Public Utility Societies under that Bill, in which owners and men should join to-hanced status, and, in, Lord (ainlord'sference for the democratic House which

tenants

1144

gether. get the Government great, up

committees of point their management and run their villages, as self-governing communities regards housing and social life, with democratic Failing this the control by the men. Mine Federatice might ask for the problems of miners' houses to be dealt with on broad lines throughout the coal-field. if possible by a combination of County t'ouncils.

`SAFETY,

||

For they will give the miner ane

words

.

#

The Oriental always inclines to prefor the potent grave, and reverend signor. He would prefer even senility to preco city, and he by no means shares the pre

is almost universal in the United King- A community of interests betwear

But the Bill will have a good fins workmen and employers is established dom alke in increasing output and in pro

Osaze, and its success is already assure. moting cconemy of production. Joint How is it doar? What has become of the pit conductees well, secure that rull Tory, who hates change ged change; of“ avantage is taken.ut the experience the Conservative, who only accepts and and practical knowledge of the work-adopts inevitable reform; of Anglo-India, men in all questions relating to safety with its supercilious superiority of that and industrial efficiency, and the exist

superiman, the Indian Civil servant ! - ing deiccts in the working of the pre-

THE BIG BAN Sent system are cured without losing the advantages of enterprise and initia diheity, bat bis burning energy and Mr. Montagu had a task of stupendous tive which private ownership and man- faith in his reforms and his determination agement has shown itself able to pro- vide..

to serve the Indian people have brought him through. all his official life he has boldly and decisively. There is nothing. loved India. From the first he spoke out

of the "trivial round or common tisic about him when he gets up to stock un his subject, which fills his mind.

LOSS OF COAL.

Add that he was over a hard worker and becune a maru and more finished crator, not without humour withal, that he feit a sincere sympathy with Indian political aspirations, while he never lost the rather imperialucit eanings of his

man" in partibus, bis determination not early days, his admiration of the Euglish

the features of a strong, arresting per- to let his countrymen down, and you have sonality.

The suggestion that there is any economic aspect of the Safety question is indignantly denied. Mr. Webb's shadowy allegations that profit-making mili Lates against safety have not been sup

As to difficulties resulting in Loss of ported by evidence have indeed beeg con-

Coal or Interference with Production, it tradicted by Erot Haldane and other in- is suggested very strongly that the pro- dependent witnesses. On a true compari-posals of the Land Acquisition Committee, son of the figures the British mines are which have been accepted in general by the safest in the world.

the Mining Association of Great Britain, be put into terc Their merit is that NATIONALISATION. THE TWO ALTERNATIVES.

Turning to The Nationalisers Re-cy preserve the essentials of the exist medies, Mr. Scort emphasises an import

ing system with all its incentive to initia- ant distinction between the two alterna

tive and enterprise, while giving power tive forms of nationalisation: the Bureau

to the State to intervens in the National interest whenever, in the working of the cratic, as preached by Mr. Webb and Sir

and the Syndicalist form of present system, difficulties arise which Mr.

which the Jeopardise

dise that interest. They provide for a reinforced Mining miner would control the industry. --

-The

Department with THE ATTACK ON THE INDCATRY.

'objections to the bureaucratie form are

strong Advisory The attack on the industry is consider forth with it wrath of the former Council on which the miners would be ed under three heads:

reasoning and apt citations from the uning Authority, to whom application give as a reason for embarking on

represented, and an independent Sage- Loss of Cal amb Taterference with practical men who have given evidence could be made for compulsory powers Prodiction. Mr. Sentt shews from the { the evils că a State

the unsuit- evalence that the difficulties incidental to ability of Casil Service methods and mes nation's mineral resources was impeded whenever the best development of the the private ownership of minerals, which to industrial

management: the hampering

by the rights of private property. miny result in lots o, coal or the hamper catch "I departmental jealousies and ing of production, arisë very rarely in Treasury restrictions: the appalting peril to our complex and delicate export trade political menaces which have been vividly. men from the thorough

ed in any industry of compatable import. Lite and others, w

anch.

set

of

THE NATION. TO DECIDE.

How many men could have ventured to. torins, which will for the first time in ru Empire, with effects no one can foresee, duce_Western democracy into an Eastern

but all recognise as far-reaching beyond the limit of out vision," the faith that is

pract.ce. They are very rauch the excep-Government mismanagement; and the the bewilderment of the public, and the men and mountains, parliaments and

states

no

|

tion rather than the rule; and where they The Real Burley Cigarette do arise, as. Mr. Scott shows at a later stage, the Land Acquisition Committee has already proposed a completely effec

investigation either of

the actual tise rumed, which will at the same time effects of Nationalisation in other coun preserve the advantages of the present tries has been attempted by the Commis system.

And those advantages-the effcision-the experience of railways, for ency and energy and elasticity of private example, in Australia, or Germany, or enterprise are worth preserving.

or of its probable effect on other The charge that royalty owners "Tunetionless and contribute nothing iron and steel, on our exports and balance of trade, on our mercantile marine, and the whole fabric of British commerce of which British coal is the very foundation.

An entirely New principle

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to the development of the industry is vigorously rejected. with numerous in stances of the large expenditure and public-spirited enterprise undertaken by functionless" royalty owners in the in-

in his conclusion, Mr. Scott speaks of in me Verily it is the faith that moves duty of the unmission to give them a peoples. clear lead, a judicial decision on the evi-

dence, so that Parliament may decide on a policy.

The opponents of Nationalisation “are not reúctionary.

method. The vocal minority of Laboar It is question of

·U.S. 500,000 ARMY CONSCRIPTION "LIKELY,

*

ܪ

New York, June 17th. Secretary Baker's plea before the Senato Reform and Industrial Pender So does an army of half a million men for the Sant Revolution. The remainder want Military Affairs Committee in favour of are indus, on the linked industries of the bulk of the nation:

That is the fundamental issue, whether his fellow-countrymen, who are careful. present year is generally approved by this country is to be reconstructed by to emphasise that this revolution

crease for special purposes

temporary or by the steady, constitu- tional method which the British Nation con

must not be construed as evidencing a desire of the THE FATAL OBJECTION.

has always preferred. This Commission United States to become a But one point the Commission has estat in only a preliminary hearing. The final tion.

tary na- On the contrary, the terests of the industry-notably the established. Mr. Webb's bureaucratic nation verdice will be with the untion; and until here wants the smallest army possible average man ishment of the Bate Docks at Cardiff and alisation would be useless as a cure for that verdict has been delivered we can consistent with the requirements of na- the Alexandra Docks at Newport by the industrial unrest for this conclusive reason only, in all good faith, put forward our tional Marquis of Bute and Lord Tredegar point Mr. Scott reproduces some over which we are confident will commend and also it is realised that

that the miners won't hare it., On this constructive contributions on the lines.

safety and the undertaken under the

ue of to ho prosperous export trade of South Wales. the mainers leaders and others.

'people'

brich have tiene so much to found the wbylazing passages tro the evidence of themselves to the silent majority of our force during the immediato

AUCHER OF DISTRIBUTION.

Mr. Scott deals but" briefly with the Distributive side, as he does not appear for the Coal Merchants or Exporters.

Industrial concamer", On the other band, dealing directly with competing collieries, get what they want, so far sa is known, at a price with which they are satisfied, and would regard Nationalisa tion na a disaster.

As to the Esport trade, there is but one opinion to be gathered from the evid ence upon the resourcefulness, courage,

Mr. Straker, for example, told the

singly oppoad to such bureaucracy I want to say that the rainera ure just

an the mine owners ure.'

A CURIOUS WILL

■

will

will

be one of the sure means of securing the Balety und progress of the world for many years to come, "and

One notes that

ing national armamen greatly reduc participation in the war has not develop ed the belligerent instinct here, and

cans

it is

So that we are left, for practical pur- £230,000 TO SUNS IF THEY ARE only as a national insurance that Ameri- poses, with the yndicalist form, of nationalistion, under which the State would own and the workers have at least

of

BARONETS"

respectfully. listen

to the plea of Secretary Baker and (ieneral March, taff, who says America, to comply with her

towards obligations

Chief of Staff,

the

an equal share in the executive contro in British Treasury and the Treasury of Associated Powers, must for the present, A will leaving over £250,000 to the the industry. What that would mean in

را

and efficiency with which the coal exportere they said:

in the mine Through their representa- Division recently,

ters of this country have developed a" great business in foreign markets.

INDUSTEIAL UNREST.

Under the head of Industrial Unrest. Mr. Scott deals first with, the miners' alleged dialike of the profit-making basis of industry. This dislike, if indeed it exists, goes to the root of all commercial industry in the Western civilised world, and is no more peculiar të mining than it is to shipbuilding or agriculture or bank. ing or shopkeeping. It not a matter for this Commission to report upon. The 4ame is true of the miner's claim that he is morally entitled to control his industry. With this claim Mr. Scott expresses

a mine has been quickly recognised by the British India in the event of his sons fail certificated mine managers, who are legaling to acquire & baronetey or superior

responsible

for the safety of every man title was discussed in the "Chancery

The position of a manager of a Wallace, of Messra, Bhaw, Wallace & Co., The testator was Mr. Charles Will'am mine is analogous to that of a captain Indian merchants. In bis will, made in of. ship, and a committee of workmen 1912, he thus explained his gift to the having a voice in the control of the mine Government: -- would resemble a committee of the crew controlling the navigation of the

-party

It is the universal feeling among colliery managers that they would be unable to undertake the great respon- sibilities placed upon them by the Coal Mines Acts if they are to be subject to or influence of any kind either pressure or by the owners or workinen while dis- charging their duties!! But behind this

10

17

year at least, provide half a million men.

They can be obtained without compul- sion from a class who have never seen ser vice oversca, and who to that extent feel turning warriors. One other sequel to the that they have been outclassed by the re- war will probably be a law providing toat shall have a military training, and that all lads upon Attaining the

age of working papers enabling them to seek I do this because hold the view that, civil appointments shall not be granted subject to the tentator's right to make until they have followed the prescribed adequate provision for his children, all course. America will have least 100,000 possessions, great or amail, if acquired men in Francs this year; more if neces from or through the people, as mine ary, but never less. Both in

in France and were. should return to the people that the army shall be a great educational with the boys training here, it is proposed am not acting fully up to this view in school where trades and professions shall the case of my children, because the law have their place side by side with mili does not enforce it upon all others, tary curriculum.-Daily Telegraph. line of the mine-which is essential to the Capt. Charles William Wallace, of Ashley The testator's only surviving son, this question of the discip

large claim Gardens, not having acquired a baronetcy, the importance of the mental element in

of Labour to eliminate: production, the fundamental truth that

from British industry. and govern

on the ground that it was opposed to brains of the few must always control.

industry themselves.

And as to the the four of the many; for so has all pro-workers, Mr. Scott is content to refer the argued that such wills as this embarrased

of industry by the manual public policy.

Mr. Laxmore. KC., for the cxecutors, gres been made. And this is not to be Commission to the Russian example. little or distrust the manual labourer; as it is no slur on the capacity of private of nationalisation the Bureaucratic intion of honours, and induced other per Bo that of these two alternative forms the officers of the Crown in the distrību- soldiers in the mass to say that all private unacceptable to the British miner, the sons concerned to adopt improper means soldiers, are not qualified to become Syndicalist is unthinkable to the British to obtain titles." gcncrala.

people."

human sympathy; but it totally ignores safety of the mine-stands private profit- the executors sought to set aside the clause

The hearing was adjourned,

COMPULSORY GREEK RETAINED AT OXFORD,

of which was to make Greek no longer The new responsions statute, the effect

rejected by majority of six ed in Convocation recently, and finally compulsory at Oxford, was keenly debat

Whips

statute, and there was a very large attend- had been issued both for and against the ance of melabers of the university from all parts of the country, as well as local residents.