1919-05-08 — Page 2

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JAPAN AND SIBERIA TROUBLE- AVERTED BEFORE THE

ARMISTICE.

MR. LANSING'S PROTEST STOPPED AGGRESSION.

have been in anthonty. Today this party is still in power, but the oppo- ition in Japan is gaining such headway as to make is necessary to publish the facts regarding the situation in the ex- treme Orient.

THURSDAY, MAY 8TH, 1919.

+

the Russia and their own countries, the respectable Russian citisans with impo- Allies had to take coguinace of the nity. Although Russians themselves, Japanese soldiers and of the policies of they were terrorizing their own country. the Imperial General Staff and its poli- Their activities, howevor, came to a head tiral agents."

when they interfered with the rights In the beginning, it should be explain-of foreigners. ad that, the "fundamental principles " In upon which the Allies agreed to co-ope rate, in Siberia were chiefly the follow

ing:-

the

For the time being it looked as if the victory in Japan over the war party was complete, but those who thought all diff culties were at an end under estimated the influence of General Takishima. He was the chief politician of the Japanese mili- Khabarovsk Kalmykoff arrested tary party. He was Japan's Ludendorff, three agents of the Swedish Red Cross When he arrived in Tokio another politi- the ground that they were German cal storm appeared, which resembled a agenta. When word reached Sweden the typhoon in its saddenness and effect. All Stockholm Government protested to the the anti-American antiment in Japan carne to his support The military and Allies. The Allied Consuls in Vladivos nasal parties united, and, for a time, it tock appointed a committee to investi looked as if the Cabinet might fall because gate the charges and the conditions of of the opposition of these two groups. In the United States, perhaps, their power the imprisonment of the three Swedes. is not realized, but it can be readily ex According to the Japanese custom and Before the committee was organized a plained. report reached Vladivostock from Kha-law no Cabinet can be formed without barovsk to the effect that the Swedes had a Secretary of War and a Secretary of from the highest escaped from jait and disappeared." the Navy chosen

in the War and These two depart The last word was significant. Whenever ranking officers any one disappears in Siberia he Navy Departmenta

ments combined lead

control the Secretaries of War never reappears. Within a few days came other reports to the effect that they as long as they are members of the Commacks had murdered the Swedes and Ministry, and they decide whether a new Cabinet in process of formation sha!! destroyed their bodies.

have their support. Thus, in practice,

Cabinet can be formed and no Cabine can live without the support of the War and Navy Departments or the

party.

was so great,

[BY CARL W. ACKERMAN.]. Returning E few days ago from Siberia, China, and Japan, where I had been travelling as a correspondent of

1.The Allied Governments-Japan, The New York Times, I brought with me Praner, England, Italy, China, and considerable data regarding Japan's activities in Siberia which I am now at the United States-werd" to land not

more than 7,000 troops each and liberty to publish. This detailed account

2.--Except by mutual agreement the of what Japan's military party has been doing in Siberia will serve to show the armies were to operate cast of Lake reasons for the apprehension of the Baikal, which divides Siberia roughly United States and shed light upon some in half.

Instead of sending 7,000 men of the difficulties confronting the Allies. and the American Government in form Japanese military party, which was in inga dolcite policy toward Russia. power in Tokio and which controlled the in writing this account of my experiJapanese Headquarters in Vindivostock, ences in Biberis my object is not to place sent 72,000. the responsibility for Japanese activities The Caited States and the Allies saw upon the island nation and people. One immediately that the agreement had been

It was obvious then that the Allies does not have to travel in the Far East violated, but they made do representa- very long until one learns that there are tions. Meanwhile, the Japanese seized had to make an investigations. The com two parties in Japan, a war party and all caravan routes and blockaded all mittee was ordered to proceed to Khaba a peace party. Even since the United ports. Japanes gunboats and monitors revak when it received word from the

This club was in the hands of General States has been a belligerent there has were sent up the navigable streams and Japanese General Staff that ar. Allied No caravan investigation was not necessary because been a herculega. contest between these rivers into the interior. two for control of the Japanese Govern could move in or out of Manchuria the Japanese staff in Khabarovsk, when Takishima, and he was on the point of ment. Shortly before the signing of the or Siberis without passing Japanese it received word ordered an investiga wielding it with great power when Ger The result was that the Allies many collapsed and the Armistice was

signed. The

fall of the German Armistice in France the war party was guards No railroad could be run with- tion. in power. Since then the peaceful ont being under the constant scrutiny of were never permitted to investigate and military party was something which the statesmen and business they are a report the

a Japanese officer, expected, and their power that they depart except under the ever-present Japanese investigators.

At this time

their astonishment so complete, gaze of a Japanese naval officer. By

Wa working in would not believe the telegraphic news October Japan had Siberia and Man General Takishima, churia entirely under her power. Siberia Siberia in a secret capacity under orders of Germany's humiliation. For twenty was a sloping giant guarded by 79,000 from the Japanese War Office in Tokio.

four hours they prohibited the Japanese Japanese soldiers Japan was in a posi- He had a large secret fund at his dis- newspapers from printing the terms tion at any time to challenge Russians posal and he was known to have very the naval Armistice, and withheld the Finally and Allies combined, because the military close connections with both Kalmykoff details of the land Armistice. and naval strength of Japan was greater and Semanoff, although he was technical when the news dispatches were confirmed. than that of all other Powers combined. ly not under the jurisdiction of General by official telegrams, they realized that, Otani, the Allied Supreme Commander for the time being, their fight was at an in Tokio The Allies soon ob end and the peace party By the middle of October this situation in Vladivostock.. Was causing a great deal of concern. tained proof that General Takishima was could not be overthrown.

By the first part of The Allies using money in Siberia in a way which

had again ap bring about more dis-ever, the war party month, ·howy, The war was at its height. could not understand this policy of was calculated

& sufficient amount of influence with the Japan, capecially in view of the constant order and confusion. I believe that one peared on the political horizon, and had reports that the German military party payment of over two hundred thousand Tokie Cabinet to block still the efforts of the United States, acting on behalf of all and the Japanese military party had yen to Kalmykoff has been established.

the other Allies, to bring about an agree come to a secret understanding. There were reports, also, that Japan and

ment na to

the By November 2nd there were so many tion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. The

reorganization and

opera the terms of which Japan was to be given which were causing dissension and dis the Pacific. This control of Siberia from Lake Baikal to

union that Secretary of State Lansing of early November.

ing secretly in Siberia, despite the events, Through Enancial denied by the Tokio Government, and I sent for Viscount Ishii, the Japanese eral Semenoff, the 23-year-old Cossack, in

immediately

having all the data in his possession, and moral support of the Jap

Japanese, Gen. do not know of any responsible people in Ambassador in Washington. The Envoy the Far East, either Japanese or for

was interfering with the trans-- came to the State Department about C eigners, who believe that the Japanese o'clock one afternoon and Mr. Lansing armies Semenoff was refusing, also, 10

Portation of

f supplies to the Czecho-Slovak Government ever listened seriously to the called bis attention to various facts recognize the Kolchak separate peace proposals which were

were, an the being sent from Berlin at regular in which he had about the obstructive tacone time the Czechos dictatorship.

tics of the Japancas military party in point of attacking Semenoff when the tervala...

Siberia, pointing out the violation el the original agreement regarding the ment in Washington was compelled

Japanese stopped the military traina.

Thus,

the State

again to bring the issue of the

the opera tion of the Trans-Siberian Bailroad to

decision.

the attention of the Again Japanese Government was called to the fact that The Secretary of State pointed out the agreed upon five months previous was still policy which the Allies had obvious outcome of the developments in undeveloped because of the opposition of Siberia if the Japanese military party Japan's war party, was permitted by the Japanese Govern ment to continue its policies and activi-merce in Japan, every large importing

At this time, every Chamber of Com

Secretary used to impress Viscount Tabii institution, and ties in Siberis Just what words the and exporting house, every large financial with the seriousness of the situation Ibeen

and every statesman who bad ing for Japanese-American

WAR PARTY AND PEACE PARTY... Bywar party" and "peace party 1 mean. (1) a party, which believes it should go ahead with aggresive policies in siberia and China contrary to the policies and opinions of the United states and the Alliez, and (2) another party which has as its basic principle tac peaceful solution of Far Eastern problems through diplomatic dicussions At present statesmen representing the latter are in authority, and, as lung they remain, a confier in the Far East Is not likely.

*

ANXIETY AMONG ALLIES,

Was

The however, not

SECRETARY LANSING TAKES A HAND

travelled from Tsuruga to Vladivostock

As the Japanese steamer on which i Germany had a secret agreement under l'activities of the Japanese în Sibert Inpanese military party had been work last October entered Golden Hort. By I saw anchored in the centre of that beautiful Russian harbour an old battle ship, painted a dull gray and flying the Japanese flag. This battleship com- manded the whole situation. From every hill of the city, it could be soon. Other Allied warships, including the Brookign and Susse, of America and England, and of France and Chilan, were ancheted near the docks In the distance were abandoned gan- boats and merchant ships belonging to the old Russian Government After landed almost the first thing the Kuksians.told. me. was that this Japanese warship was one of those which Japan captured from Russia at Part Arthur in 1904, and that they did not like this faunting of Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese war at this critical hour in Russia's history. The question these Busaian

asked was

Is Japon coming to Sibert as a

but observe the even if there were no

grounds for these reports, nevertheless the Japanese Army and Navy in Siberia tlement of the railroad problem was and its porte were in a position where hoing postponed by Japan's opposition, they could defy the Allies at any time to the work of General Takishima.

and calling the Ambassador's attention Their hold was so firm that if the wat were compromise of the mala were to win nothing in the world would force pan from Siberia, and that coun try would become what South Manchuris

to-day

Still the Allice were silent. The fight ing in Francs was attracting all of their attention and demanding all reserves, “ WAR PARTY WINE AGAIN,,

.

China, together with the new Bassian England, France Italy, and later Government which had been formed in Omsk, gave the United States power of

do not know. One version is that he friendship united in supporting that

conqueror of Russia or he an 'ally?'"' There were in the Far East, however, to the Japanese Ambassador he hoped party in Japan which sought a solution

· In' that” question there was the kernel some men who went there for the pax the work of the military party would not for the difficult Russian railroa of the whole Russian situation, as viewed pose of helping Bassia. These man, altor cause a break in the good relations be Jem and an agreement was resched-t

was but by the Russiana themselve

tween the United States and Japan, and understanding which

recent making thorough investigations, report another version says that the Secretary Folk Under this agreement the Traps

announced by Acting

ting Secretary of Stato. If Japan has landed troops as a coned to the Government that the Russian pointed out how the activities of the Siberian Railway is to be operated under quering nation, the Russians argued, railroads were in a terrible state of di Japanese military party were very simi the direction of an Allied Board and then the United States, England, order, and that Russia, could never belar to those of the German war party under the protection of an Allied Mili France, and Italy are bore with Japan helped militarily or economically unless to exploit Russia under the guise of the Trans-Siberian Railroad was and that the latter had already led to, a

re-

tary Staff. The Japanese war pary, for peaceful military intervention. If Japan organized and placed upon an efficient war between Germany and the United the present at least is impotent, but re- is our ally, why does the act like our business basis. At this time there were

States.

Viscount Ishii returned to the Embassy that this party is still active and that it cent reports from the Far East indicate owner 1!

present in Harbin and Vladivostock in Washington and dispatched a long is at work on a new plan of invasion to The Russians did not state their case about 200 experienced American railroad code message to Tokio which arrived begin next Spring, according to which the alone to arriving correspondent men ander John B. Stevens and George there on a Sunday night. As is casto- 52,000 troops which were withdrawn from They had already stated it in much Emerson. These men had been brought mary, Secretary Lansing sent a copy of Niberia last November and December piziner words to the Siberian news to Siberis under an original agreement his remarks to United States Ambos are to be sent back supported by 50,000 papers, and their official representatives with the Kerensky Government, but they sador, Roland S. Morris, in Tokio for more. bad called upon the official representa had been waiting patiently nearly the information of the Ambassador. Mr. Now that the League of Nations is in tives of the Allied Powers.

year for something to do. I stepped off the Hozan Maru at

Morris was at this time and had been process of formation, another important Vladivostock into this politics situa

and official for the United States in policies of the League in Russia, and one acting as the chief diplomatic observer question develops with regard to the tion. Everywhere I went I found the

Siberis,

of the first questions which may face the activities of the Japanese to be the chief

League may be whether the Japanese mili. On Monday morning Ambassador Mor-

tary party is to be the political battle was evident, so Railroad and run it for the benefit of only to be informed that the Minister of crete issue which will test, almost imme It will be a con- it in Vladivostock, Khabarovsk, Tehits, nothing of importance could be accom or three days,

after its formation, the

power and Harbin, Nikolak, and other Siberian plished in Siberia until the railroad was During these critical days of early been sharply divided

Japan has and Manchurian cities.

the by

of in eficient hands. When Japan was November there developed a political

question asked whether she would give her con- storm in Japan. Information as to the

A League of Nations. The present Japan- My first observation was that there sent, she naked time to consider the pro- attitude of the United States quickly party continues its opposition and the

esa Government supporte it but

the war were several times as many Japanese posal

reached the Japanese statesmen and busi- influence of the war party with the troops in Siberia as all other, Allies cont- For two months, September and ness men through the Foreign Office. American press of Japan is very great.

anti- bined Japanese soldiers were station October, the question is debated in Word was sent, too, to the Japanese War ed in every village "and city. Above Tokio. The war party objected to Lay and Navy Departments, And a series of The every railroad station from Vladivostock control which was not Japanese from conferences was begun to determine the ever are spected to rifar how

leaders of Japan, to Tchita, along both the Amur and top to bottom. This party maintained future relations between the United which develops in Japan with the mili the Chinese Eastern, railroad lines in that Siberia was one of Japan'a spheres

States and Japan. Siberia and Manchuria, waved the of influence and that 30 others terests and peace statesmen,

The war party was tarists. The policy of the former is based Americh. for defying

The business is not only upon the quest strength. Japan expediency Japanese flag. Every railroad bridge and no group of nations had a right to for the first

who learned but upon the of the activities of the is not in a position to and nearly every public building was interfere with what the Japanese mili- Japanese Army in Siberia, sided with States now

question the gosition to fight the United guarded by Japanese. Whenever Engary party was doing: Another group

how that this

has de- land, France, or the United States would of Japanese, statesmen, backed by all of

the United States. For three days the veloped such a fighting organization, order Lieutenant or Captain to another the Chambers of Commerce and big no one knew whether there was war or tial army.

debate continued, and during this period which; even when demobilized, is a poten town or village away from the bass at Anancial institutions of Japan, wanted peace ahead.

Japan's strength, for in- Vladivostock on some special work, the to compromiss with the Allies. But the

stance,

was recently strikingly shown by Japanese would dispatch a Major to the military party won its point, and Japan

of December same place. If the Allies sent a Major made

Ath

1916, of

and American Government bonds

topic of discussion. The "smoke" of attorney to take over the Trans-Siberian ris called at the Tokio Foreign Office. forces into Siberi*itted to scad these

searched for the "fire" and I found Russia. These aix Powers 'realized that Foreign Affairs could not see him for two diority of the League.

JAPANESE SOLDIERS EVERY WIRE.

•

counterproposals

HET BACK YOE WAR PARTY.

...

- PEACE PARTY LOCKS, BYRONG.

country

Bccordingly, of Japan triumphed. The war partyive statement of the British," But within four days the elements it publication in the Peking and Tient- or Colonel the Japanese would send a which destroyed all ponsibilities of an met its first great defent at the hands of General Every time the American allied agreement regarding the Trans its own people. The Japanese Govern purchased by the du Pont de Nemours" Headquarters or the French or Brítiali Siberian Railroad. Army Commanders in Siberia moved TERORISM OF COSBACK GENERALS.

ment telegraphed new orders to General Powder Company, of the Red Cross.con Otani immediately. He Was instructed tribations, taxes of 1918 and 1917, and soldier or a regiment, whenever an Allled For the first time the Allies were cen- to send back to Japan 35,000 soldiers, 4 the Japa

the Japanese bude du Ponts in two for two-years, -1915- soldier or obest landed or arrived in vinced by the attitude of the Takio few days later another order was sent to 18 and 1910-201 Bibéria, the Japanese General Staff in overnment that Japan's policy in him in Vladivostock-ordering the return years held in bonds and paid in taxes and Vladivostock had to be informed, but the Siberia, could not be reconciled with of

Adother order still was contribution #285,602,000, while the bud Japanese in farz hever informed ony Allies dalier Moonwhile, also, there diarntched ordering General Tavishna gets-of the Japanese Goverment for of the Allies how many soldiers they had were other developments to cause inter- to Tokio,

1015-16 and

.::1919-20 " amounted to how many were being brought into national apprehension Two Cossack had last most of these te

General Inagaki.

yen, -or・・zóproximately Biberia, nor where they were being sent leaders, Generála Semenon and Kalmy Vladivostock, a

af Staff of the Japanese General Staff in

other words, one Amer At first the Allies did not protest, or koll. in Tchita and Khabarovsk, respec mat, who with eman and a diplo

in two question the Japanese policy. The tively, were carrying on obstructive

Otani was not in years paid out more than one-half; sa Allies. had agreed to work in Bibetis work They were terrorising every General Tarishimin, called upon Major-taxes as it cost Ispan

thorough sympathy

with the tactics of of much money for boads, contribu under the depreme command of the Russian community through which the Whole Government nanoshe Japanese and they continued to give armies passed. Under the guise of fight commander in Biberie, to express the reThis is one of the facts which the Japanese Headquarters their respectful ing the Bolsheviki they were doing the xrets of the Japanese star for past ore peace party is to convince the war parer support until the oppomtion witin name things that the Bolsheviki were tices and to state that thereafter Japan that its dream of a way with the Brited Siberia to the activities of the Japanese doing in European Ensia. They were and the United States would work toge Stater, was sheurdew York Timer Army became so great that in justice to rubbing banks and murdering peaceful, ther in complete harmony in Biberia

March 16th.

1,034 institution