1919-04-23 — Page 6

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WEDNESDAY, APRIL 15ED

WAGES PROBLEMS.. STATE AND INTERVENTION. Mr. William Lionel Hichens, chairman of Messrs. Cammell, Laird, and Ca, read un interesting paper at the Royal Society of Arts, recently, on The Wage Pro- blem in Industry. Sir George Askwith presided =

Mr. Fichens said the greatest problem that had to be faced today, was the relation between Labour, and Capital An antithesis which was in many respects false had been set up between these two factors in production, and the community. of interest which was the read foundation of both had been coverlaid by less essential differences. For withoa; labour capital was a drug in the market and without capital Inbour was as a water without its

A Modern industry was im- |

of capital, and the greater the developments in any country because tho more urgent were the demands for in- It was the community creased capital. of interest-between expital and labour which must always be the basis of

indas try, and the success of any schemes which were based on the suppression of the one or the oppression of the other would involve the whole industrial edifice in ruin, because the foundations would have been destroyed. This problem could not be considered in isolation from that of production, but they were inclined to ignore the relationship in practice. The made their demand for increased wages with little or no regard to its prob. able effect. in restricting production, The thought vaguely that all increases could come out of profits, and did not pause to consider what would happen if the profits were insufficient for the pur

without a plentiful trial

workers

pose,

Important factors" were ignored when wages increases were" considered. De mands for increases of wages were și almes, daily cecurrence, and, communly enough, they were coupled with a claim for redpred hours or reduced prices. Wages on the railways had been increased by about £50,000,000 during the pass four years, and of the top of that the con- vession of an eight-hours day would add A further £20,000,000 to the wages bill. Where was the money to come from? The nets day the public was clamouring for a, reduction in railway fares, and the day

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lions of pounds a yeare the cost of coal, How, then, did we stand in regard to cual In 1887 we produced 200 tons per worker at a wage cost of £59. per bead In 1911 the output per worker had fallen to 443 Lons, while the wage cost had risen to $50. In 1919, during the great national crisis, the output had shrunk still farther to 24 tons per worker, at a wage cost of £197, Surely it, was high time that we recovered our sinity, and recognised that what we were doing could only have the effect of injuring those whom we designed to help, of destroying, nof reconstructing industry.

ATATE'S TRUE IUSCHIOS"

The State tended to intervene more and more, and to determine in ever-increasing measure for the common goed the condi tions under which industry should be carried on. This was its legitimate func- tion, and one by no means to be con founded with, State trading, which was indeed inconsistent with the due exercise of impartial supervi ision. in indestrial matters. The development of State trad ing with which we were threatened would, it was to be leared, deal a shrewd blow of the Government as the at the authority final arbiter on industrial conditions, for being itself a trader it would lose its impartiality, and it would become a judge in its own cause, and would think as an employer of labour, not as the representa. tive of the community. So strong was the feeling of the view, we gaining round to-day, was

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right by a wave of the pets or an Act-of Parliament. Their province was rather to exercise and secure amelioration, and although they might make exp

experiments as a large employer of labour themselves in certain directions, he doubted whether they could by Act of Parliament destroy

w system of the country and that the present system could not be up another. Neither did he think they. mended, and must be ended.

The root.

could interfere cause of Labour antagonism lay in, ther

contiguously between fear of capitalist domination. It was then ployers and employed, or alter agree- ments between their associations in the dread lest ultimately Capital might interests of the consumer. prove too strong for Labour and enforce to the uttermost the doctrine by which industry was governed that might "was right..

of

For years, he continued, the Govern-- ment had exercised the powers amelioration; and he had noticed a con- siderable improvement in the relations Both Capital and Labour wore as nuecs- between employers and employed. Their sary to the corporate existence of a con1- organisations were far more effective than munity as were the heud and hands to they used to be, and both sides were far the fuman body. The community, mure inclined to pursue constitutional should course in their attitude with regard to through its chosen representatives, exercise its right to regulate the demands any disputes they might have. That was of both, and unless anarchy was ensue, a considerable advance. (Hear hear.)

must be prepared to accept loyally

But although this amelioration had taken

both

a considerable amount of industrial rest. Why was

there st

Rouch impati ence? There was no doubt whatever that the country was impatient, Mr. Hichens put the chief cause down to fear. Up to

the verdict of the constituted authority. place and there was a great desire for All wages were question of relation. further, amelioration, it had act While the organisations of employers

and ed a employed in each diutry should be responsible in the first istance for nego tiating all wage problems, the Govern- ment should exercise the fight of review ing all decisions from the wider stand certain point he (Sir George) agreed

of the general interest, and should that there was fear, coupled with suspi regulate both the profits of capital and sion, which was engendered by disputes, wages of labour in order that a due and by the fear of disputes which wers proportion might be observed. Govern on the eve of breaking out, but had been ments existed primarily in order to do kept in the background during the war. justice as between one individual and That fear might take certain forms. another, between one section of the com-

There was always the spectre of unem- unity and another. They had surrenployment before the working man him dered this duty in the past, so far sa self and his colleagues. There was als industry was concerned, owing to the the suspicion that if there was to be false teachings of political economista, increased production the results of that who succeeded in substituting the laws of production were not going entirely to the supply and demand, and of unrestricted capitalist class, but that the capitalist competition, for the moral code. But must give up more than he had done in ultimately all industrial questions, as the past to the wage earner, so that the well as all the other; questions affecting wage-earner could have a better chance the

2

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THE

(681

bution relations, resolved themselves into in life. They could not go back DIRECTORY

to

moral problems, and how far we succeeded times that existed before the war. There in solving these questions depended on the was also the fear that high prices might degree of moral consciousness to which continue, and that the result of the wages

AND

the community had attained. (Hear, paid night not be sufficient to meet the CHRONICLE

hear.)

MILLENNIUM NOT YET.

for and hope.

"

FOR

OHINA, JAPAN, PHILIPPINES. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS,

- ETC.

cost of living. In addition to this fear, be would suggest that there was reason Bir G. Askwith...anid the lecturer

equality, and fraternity appeared to look to the Government to was an old catch-cal of the French re great deal in this matter, but there volution, and there was now in the coud- were certain limits to what the Govern- trareas focling that there should be ment could do. He was not quite sure more liberty in the sense of better social that in many parts of the country the economics and the political position of THE NEW FRENCH REMEDY interferones of the Government, with the the masses of the people; and also a feel-

plutocracy had been particularly appresing that there should be more equality (57th PION Nociated during the lust few years. Under between class and clase and further, that

the stress, of the war certain things had what was given to one should be given to. PION NO. 2

ben agreed to, but to lay down that the the other. The millennium had been pro THERARION NO.

Government should exercise the right of mised, but the golden age of idleness and reviewing all decisions, ps - Hichens much pay had certainly not come suggested, was a rather strig order. The question before the country was the The Government could not set everything diftribution of wealth what it was, and

(Continued at fort of xezt column.) what was to be its future (Hear, hear.) | HONGKONG-DATLY PRESS; LD

THE

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