1919-03-31 — Page 3

SOCIAL UNREST.

MR. FISHER'S ANTIDOTE Mr. H. A. L. Fishor, President of the Board of Education, visited Oxford r cently, and addressed a large mosting of the instructors of the Oxford School of Instruction for Officers recently organised under the Adventional Department of the War Offies in the University, Museutu. head of the department of the War Oliy organisation, presided. Mr. Fister nuid it juve him great plen sure in cone to Osford to address them in order that he might express to them the seus of importance which the Govern then attached to the educational work in the Army. He wished also to impress upon them his own sense of the great importance to the country of the work for which they were preparing themselves. The Army had in in a sense, for, at any rate, the majority of the ck and file, blind alley profession, On the evidence of most players of labour in this country they would find that the dis charged soldier in the past had not been able to tak, as good a place in the reon- nue system of the country as he probably have be able to take if he had Would not go into the Army at all, and that in itself was a very grave frel

They install fest i was desirable that, if they were to have an Army based on the short service system, entrance into the Army, so far from being a disqualifica. tion fur civilian life afterwards, should

THE HUNGKONG DAILY PRESS.

THE FUTURE OF TURKEY. QUESTION OF GOVERNMENT.-

[FROM H. COLLINSON OWEN.]

CROSS AND ORESCENT. ST. SOPHIA, CONSTANTINOPLE.

Members of the English Church Úsion erowded the large hall of the Gannon- street Hotel rescatly, and, with enthus sisatie approval, considered the proposal to restore to Christianity the Church of St. Suphia, Constantinople. Mr. Athof. stan Riley presided in the absence of Lord Halifax,

The Allies have now been in Constan- tinopic since November 13th. on which day their great fleet anchored off the Golden Horn, and on the surface it would seem that little has been done towards the solution of the greatcat problem of the Near East, viz., the proper govern

The Chairman said St. Bophia was the ment of Turkey and its capital. (As a

It ratter of fact, this is not one of the taskaust lovely building in the world. of the Allies under the armistice, how was a marvellous structure, first, as a ever persistent the idea of it may be in building, and next, because of its extra- everybody's mind.) And yet, in spite of ordinary history. It was originally built by the Emperoy Justinian in the year 7. appearances, one great step forward has been made. It is that everybody con A few years later earthquakes threw cerned is convinced, once and for all, down a part of the dome, which was re that the Turks are not

not competent to constructed on

an improved principle, and the church was re-dedicated in 643. govern themselves, much less subject peoples that they have recklessly thrown

WONDERFUL DOME away all the many generous chances

Justinian had called to his aid to build Western Europe had given them in the

the church all the resources of the civilis- past, and that there is not the slightested world. Columus, over 100 in number, promise that they would do any better

were brought frous all parts of the Rast with any further opportunities for reform

and that might unwisely be given then in the fron Europe, many of them probably from then imples. Eight great future.

columne CUCRU from Ephesus -- some thought they formed part of the great Temple of Diana and oight more came fren Rume. The floor and wails of the church were lined with the most precious marbles, which were to-day to be seen, except in a few places where they had replaced them with painted imitations. There was no church in the world which was se glorious in its decorations of gold and coloured mosaics.

aŭgress in civilinn hfication for should be possible to consider the pro- fallen away and where the Turks hat afford an additional abject could

oply be achieved by improving the educa- tip which was given to the private soldier while he was with the colours.

In the past many individuals, or prone of individuals, were convinced of these things. But now this conviction is com- mon to all the Allies, who hold the fate of Turkey and her peoples in their hands, and with the bands that now exist two them, bora of common saurifiers, it blem in a spirit free from the jealousies and the diplomatic manoeuvres, which in

er's chiti the past were Turkey's

strength, and arrive at some permanent and just decision which has been in no way in. Buenced by Turkish wiles. Turkey ought never to have been called the Sick Man of Europe, but

rather, the "Spoiled Child Child of Europe," for it is solely on the generous financial help and

and the moral support given, now by one Power, now by another

with some ulterior motive-f and all given able to live luxuriously while never on

thue Turkey's ruling classes have been an honest day's work to justify the heavy subsidies showered

upon them.

But quite apart from that general con- sideration, they must all realise that they were now living in very eritical times, and the war hid excited many aspira tions, many hopes which could not be gratified in the nature of things. It had alan created in trans quarters the despair of the Sinte In Russia. in Austria, and in maas, parts of Germany there was large body of working class opinion which desjuired of the State, and even in Eng- land voices were raised in favour of what might be called direct tuethads opposed the ordinary Parliamentary procedure. Again, it was only mural when they got urg buds of men like the men of the British

great berid who had been subjected wor

of strain and toil, who had been strung up by the opposition of formidable enemies, when suddenly the strain of opeįtion was relaxed, thut they should get a feeling of unrest running through the Army

Lo

المطرية

wend

One thing that stands out prominently in the precut situation is that the Turks in the pass to which they are reduced. themselves do little or nothing to help Tefik Pasha's Government is Government (and Tevfik Pasha himself cannot be called a strong man), but it formed to treat with the Allies after the is at any rate the Government which was armistice. But the Chamber, which aught to realise this and give some sort of support, does nothing but criticise and hider. It is mostly composed of the creatures of Enver Talaat, and though the chiefs have Bown, their satellites are as active

tive as ever. They become angry at the more suggestion that Turkey has been vanquished in the war, and some little time ago, by the way, Turkish general gave an interview in which he showed triumphantly that Allenby's victory was Hot a victory all, but that honours rested even on the field of battle, and the Turkish Palestine

Army

was preparing to fight again. This absurd attitude has died down a little of late, but it remains to be used again at any moment.

SECRET COMMITTER.

The fact is there is every reason to believe that the Committee of Union and Progress is a strong as ever. Its name is not mentioned, but the organisation exista almost intent, and it is the only efficient thing Duary Baa produced. It is more

SECRET OF GHO) TEACHING. What as the antidote? The nutidote was not a set of doctrines that never did anybody any good. The antidote really was an attitude of mind and an increased capacity for coming to a judicial and judicious devision upon the facts of life; and He thought it was only through education, only through enriching, en larging, and multiplying the intellectuni interests of this vast body of men who were going to be released into civilian life, that they were likely to find an adoquate solution for the difficulties that would undoubtedly confront the country. If he might speak as an old teacher himself, he thought the probable danger which the teacher had to confront was the temptation of trying to give his class too at a time. The secret of good teach. ing was make oneself that the class, even the solutely certain stupidest member of the plass, should carry away with him something definite twe three definito idens as the result of the lecture, not Taet but ideas. They did not want to cram the class with facts, but what they wanted was to give them thoughts to cable them to organise facts; and if this short course enabled them to do that, then he felt it would be a very great invest- ment for them individually and extremely good investment for the coun try.

breaks them. If the situation is quiet it He had had a great deal of opportunity is because the Committee has ordered during the last few years of mecting

political passion if it so, and working-class lecturers and intelligent racial' fanaticism suddenly flares up it is working me, and he had great respect because the Committee has given the word. It has organised massacres in the for them, but he had been struck by one fact, and it was very significant, and that past, and even now, with the Allied war- was that their free wind was always ships in the Straits, could give the word entirely full of economics, economic grie for another one at any moment. That it vances, class questions, and that, how. would be very short-lived would not evor intelligent a man might be, it was matter if it suited their purpose. difficult to get him for any long period of time to discuss any other kind interest.

JLI)

of

a seret society than a political organisa tion, and the orders emitted by its scoret chiefs are passed on down the hierarchy and obeyed without question by its in- numerable subordinates. It has very ample funds (exported largely by charg ing a frutastic rent an act the wountry that brought produce into the country during the war), and it has

|

The great feature of St. Sophia, which had struck all beholders with wonder and astonishment, was the dome. It was the Byzantines who made the great leap in architecture, the greatest over made in its histor), of putting a round done on 1 squard struclare. That had been done

Ronie, but the first great dome in the sin; all knew the dome of St. Paul's, and many the dome uf St. Peter's, in

world had never been surpassed. Tlac dome of St. Sophia was a true domu, as the shell was seen both from the inside and the outside, and it was 15ft, wider than the dome of St. Paul's,

What St. Sophia must have been like at the time when it was used as a Chris tinn charel we could but faintly imagine. The great crown was of silver, the seats of the patriarch and bishops were of silver, the wally for some feet above the sents were of silver plates, and the altar was almost entirely of precious stones In 537, when the great Emperor Justinian entered the church to dedicate it to the

round at the mosaice fresh from the worship of Almighty God, he looked hands of the workmen, and he exclaimed, "Bolomon I have surpassed."

A TURKISH MOSQUE.

MONDAY, MARUH BIST, 1919.

SYNOPSIS

of

British Gazettes Nos. 511 to 515.

Showing To-night at

THE CORONET.

Buckingham Palace; Sandhurst Cadets receive the King's Banner. Scenes at the LORD MAYOR'S SHOW. THE LAST CHARGE"-

a genuine picture taken on the last day of hostilities. Scenes in

and from an Airship: Bird's eye view of London including St. Paul's. WORLD WAR OVER: How London celebrated the great day of Victory. The King and Queen give thanks at St. Paul's, Victory Pageant at Basingstoke. Edinburgh: Their Majesties visit "Auld Reekie." Canada: Lord Roberts in 1908 but the War will finally be won by the genius of a French general named Ferdinand Foch, Professor in the Military School in Paris." London Our democratic King and Queen with the Silver Badge men in Hyde Park. The Victory Ball in aid of the National Fund for Nurses. HARWICH SURREN DER OF U-BOATS. SCAPA FLOW: The Triumph of the British Navy-GERMANY SURRENDERS HER FLEET TO BEATTY. H.M.S. QUEEN ELIZABETH: Admiral Sir David Beatty's signal to the German fleet-"The German flag is to be hauled down at sunset and will not be hoisted again without permission. GOD SAVE OUR KING AND QUEEN.

Note. This is a very fine picture and should be seen by every Briton in the Colony, but bear in mind that there is no fake about the British Gazette and do not expect too much.

In 1954, at the time of the great schism between Eastern and Western Christiani ty, the legates of the Pope came into the church and laid the dogument of excom munication upon

the altar. Pading 150 years, they came to the fifth orusude of Western Christianity; he thought they must regard that crusade with the deep

shame. When the hosts of

Christen dom turned aside from the conquest of the Holy Land and engaged upon the siege of Constantinople, and when they took Constantinople, they went to the NO. & MOUNTAIN VIEW, Six Rooms THORPE QUAMICHAN LAKE:

KTUAL

church and placed an abandoned woman on the patriarchial throne, pro faned the Church in the most horrible way, and “laid their hands on gold and silver and precious vessels in such quan tity that they could not be numbered." Could it be wondered at that since that

terrible day--and it was Easter Day.ths Easterir had never really trusted Western

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Western Christendom to redeam that foul blot. (Cheers.)

As to the last chapter in the history of e great church, on May 20, 1453, the Turks broke into it, took captive some 5,000 people of all ages and both sexes who had fed to it, plundered it of all it contained, and from that day the greatest Christian Church in the world had been a Turkish mosqus. At present the church was in

a very serious condition following resolution:

The Chairman concluded by moving the

What, then, is to be done with a people which loves domination over other races, but possesses no power for good govern- meat, and is itself ruled by a sinister secret organisation which has great wealth anos, on the grounds of justice to the

That this meeting urges the import-

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They had a very intelligent population now There was a great deal of educa tion in the country, and there was going and power, but no conscience? An inter-long-suffering and oppressed Christian: NO. 7, MOUNTAIN VIEW, The Pesk. to be a good deal more. He folt it was national control drawn from the various of the Turkish Empire, of the restoration very important for the sake of social Allied Powers is often suggested, but this of the great Christian church of St.. harmony and the happiness and sweetness would have its own inherent weaknesses, Sophia to Christian worship." of life that the mind of the intelligent

and no doubt in the years to come, when working man should be Alied with all the effects of the Great War had worn kinds of worthy interests, and not merely off a little, the Tork would take advan with one intereat It was because this lage of this situation, just as he juggled scheme of education in the Army was with the various European Powers in the widely varied, because it catered for all Here and there the suggestion is kinds of tastes, and because it appealed made that the United States should take that he felt it charge of Turkey's affairs, and a small

past.

to all kinds of inteble social element movement to this end has been started.

would be such a in the futuro.

But Turkey is a long way from the United States, and it would soum difficult for a country, which has lived by the Monroe Doctrine to form a sort of pro- tectorate on the far edge of Europe. The idea of an Anglo-French control is also often put forward, but it is possible that this might not be entirely free from the dificulties which would later be encoun- tered in a more general international arrangement.

The Bishop of Oxford, seconding the motion, said they demanded that the ending of the dismal Turkish tyranny should be marked by the surrender to its proper object of the greatest Church of Christendom.

The resolution was carried unanimous.

it, Musulman or Christian. They might thoroughly believe in our competence, but very much hesitate to believe that we would attempt this purely for the sake of civilention. The British are still only vaguely understood people. And anally we might shrink from it ourselves, fore- seeing there the difficulties and no doubt, the thankless nature of the task, and realising that we have already a little too. much on our hands.

But, whatever is thought, nothing will ho settled here, and the question is one of the many which must be decided at the Fonce Conference. It will probably prove to be one of the most difficult of

For the moment the Nehr, East, is overshadowed by the events of greater majesty that are happening nearer home But although it may be a little in the background just now Constantinople has

A PENITENT GERMANY. The Bishop of Oxford, speaking at a meeting of the Church of England Peace League in Church House, Westminster, said that when he was in America a diff. culty which was brought up against hian was that, of Germany. No one, it was said, could trust Germany, and the ques

EXAMELS OF -EGYFT. tion was asked him how was it conceiv The suggestion one oftener hours from able that Germany could be brought into Turkish sources, amongst others, is that

League of Nations?

Great Britain should take Constantinople Well now, I fancy,

," said Dr. Gore, and Turkey in hand, and do with that that difficulty has retired into the them as she has done with Egypt. It is background. For my own part, I never

impossible, then considering the que all. felt that there was a way out of the diff- tion of Turkey, not to think continually cuity without the complete defeat of Gor of the example of Egypt. No doubt we many, but that complete defeat has been could do the same hero as we have done accomplished. I never in the least a elsewhere. regarding Turkey simply pected nor desired that there should be an extension of the White Man's Bura way of foreing itself into the forefront publie professions of penitence on the den, and shouldering this responsibility of the world's politics: Now in the time part of Germany, That would have as we have done so many, others. It is to make a

a cloan of

what hos so long to so much too dramatle to be certain that nobody wants it for its own been a source of trouble and mistrust *reak

sake, and that if we undertook the task and Russia's callpsa: should considerably **** But what I do believe profoundly it would be from disinterested motive kolp the doliberations One satisfactory that when Germany realises the dopils as the best solution of an age-long pro- point in that the most complete harmony of the humiliation and loss to which she do it better than any other people, having tiven in their difficili taak under the blem. It is equally certain that we could reigns here botwom the Allied representac is subjected, as she will realise it, alle both the genius and the experience for armistice We must believe that at the will inevitably realise how profoundly this sort of thing. But the chief diff Pace Conference & similar spirit" will and for how long a time she has been zmisled by the railing paste which she has culty would be to persuade other peoples mign when the moment comes to consider rid "of With that consciousness. 1 to believe in qur complete lack of one of the most defiesto and pressing do not see the fost reason to doubt that material interest in undertaking the re- problems of all: Pombe and Lecurity in *Gormany will become reasonable nanin=. | generation of Turkey and the proper the North Bes will be of little use if ther * nation that can be lived with under protection of all the peoples who live in is no permanent and sincere met LLÁSKAME the new conditions."

¿Continued as foot of neat volsime.) on the Bosphorus,

05

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