1918-12-17 — Page 3

** WOMEN IN WAR WORKSHOPS"

INTERESTING LECTURE BY PROF MIDDLETON SMITH.

1s a pity that there was such a small attendaner at the lecture of Women

Our War Workshops," delivered yon terday evening by Professor Middleton Smuth, at the Helena May Institute. Those present probably dul not number more than za and the lecture, both by venendo ad its mubject and the manner in

was treated, deserved a

说

breb large audience

far

by Jordan presided and, introducing the lecturer, restarked that there was no one better qualified that Professor Smith

of Are remind us of wo Tough in battle.

The who

overthrew

Ti

suna.

to

Woman Can

Fully

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 17TH, 1918.

is Hill

the

th the

Franke

Britainvided the

the old Britain; and

that

have

that

preche

trail

LANE,

3

CRAWFORD

AND COMPANY.

HARDWARE DEPARTMENT. EVERYTHING FOR THE HOUSE OF

BRITISH AND AMERICAN MANUFACTURE. JUST TO HAND

THE ORIGINAL

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WHICH IS ABSOLUTELY SANITARY AND HYGIENIC.

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TIRESOME.

METHODS

There were three types of women labour managed to get wrong. Traversen wore They worked out here during the war in in general, that had been used to take left in and lathes broken wholesale, until the offices and in providing bandages and the place of man: (1) Tire educated type: in his aggravation ho had said one day comforte for the men at the front. They (2) the domestic type; (3) the ordinary that, although it was difficult to make can work in the future with the object of factory type. The brains of the first type thing fool proof" it was impossible to maintaining the national prestige and of of labour were coltivated. Many poruake it "girl proof." Mr. Wicksteed preserving the great ideals of the Anglo- sessed mathematical knowledge and wore himself emphasised the very great im Saxon race which have emerged purified educated in The modern Universities in provements which had taken place, and from the furnace of the wor.

For just Scientile work They did most valuable when once certain routine and machinery as I am think in that all that is best and research or professional work. But they adjustments had been made, and the more noblest in those ideals originated in the were comparitively few in number.

frivolous girls weeded out, the results fominine mind, so I am sure that only The domestic type was probably, in the obtained from the women were wonderful the preservation and the enlargement of aggregate, the most valuable, and theno women neted as machinists, tool-makers,

In addition to the early objections by the ideals can elevate suffering humanity and aircraft propeller the employers who were projudiced or did and win real freedom. gange-makers

The old writers makers, and they did accurate and deli- cate work which was sometime ago con

not want troubles in their workshops there tell us that your ancestresses were the sidered to be exclusively thus of the were the trade unions. In the pre-war women who, barefooted and white-robed, highly skilled worker. flere and thore,

to Italy, and who were made joyful by labour and the competition of woman guin, a foundry was to be seen to be days many men did not like the idea of led the Northern hosts on that long mat employing woven on moulding by hand

the thought of the bright sunshine of the and machine. Work was done during the they tried to exclude then from the shups, south, the richer fruitage of the plains. to deliver the lecture he had chosen

by women which tradition had made her the difficulties were overcome the You have in your veins the blood of the war the in Prob ser MIOLET IN SMITH.

Munition irritated em. Ministry of HRCTCI!

man who had served long course of his remarks, said: Although apprenticeships.

marched But the extraordinary ployers by insisting on good oloak-room womanhood of 20 centuries ago that the phenomenon of the rush of weten

towards the light, side wy side with workshop revolutions caused by automatic ecomodation and generally insisting foreshed through the dark European to the workshops-fas amazed this genera machinery and new inventions had made upon what is now known as welfare stat

rent mate tiva, a is a new thing in

history it possible to bring about these changes, work."

That has been one of the great and data ona, that trudged over

Woman

with the Cimbri to Italy: elevated has A woman is still true that neither a Dian or agains of the war. for women to help in warfare

across the Rhine; thai. has often become the warrior chief of a

become a

atmosphere of the factory as skilled work-

heroines for the ia raised the tone of social life. and non tri The nalags of Boudia, Joan shop a.echanic under a period of (way) 4 end of last century drunkenness had legends of Be that ped

who have wollen WHO

have years, and that long

Leading is pessary for certain types of labour. disappeared since wonten dined with me the new ideals of this generation the Roman Empire were Recompanied By But great care was taken that highly and the men followed them to the drawips] have in you the blood of the womanhori

You "Their

room. eir march from the skilled labour was not employed on work urre

We are all of us influenced our

hy than women on

surroundings. North

The garish gin palace was never bought and never sold. of the romantie Angle which Pictures

that can be dupe couplly well with the which is such a magnet 10 the slum dweller wore no veil, that tolerated no bind Susun settlers in America, drawn to enter lowest grade of labour.

attracts by the contrast of light and on the feet nor soul; but who realised only 221 1124 Lain our youthful hours, show

Women have generally been found to warmth with the dreariness of the slut the ideal of marriage that is companion- when the log hut. loading and even

he aurate and conscientious workers. ha munkete

house. This welfare work initiated chiefly ship with your men and equality in the of husband or firing the

a women has and But 31/1 thousands of

Yours before that quicker than men through possessing that it actually pays to have healthy sorrows of life. You are blazing

the itpeval and remain uired

11257142

of freedom and equity for your weaker but and share the perits and the plener Bense of Lauch. fi has also been workers. There is a great contrast be-sisters of other nations.

demonstrated that women are responsible tween the design und arrangements of the war those women of the North stond side In peace and in sures of the nutmadic life together,

workers; that is, that they can be trusted If as

either is inevitable that woman mast with confidence to carry out finishing decades.

by side with the men now war-shops with those of the

The

meb hove

Joved, bee worker with man or tend to become.

processes on large and costly W..

have before as

beauty, the inventors to imagination, the WITH a parsite either the warly a decat they can manipulate high and work and immensely by the new views the warriors to chivalry, Ves, inpiring It would be tedious to enumerate the 100ts to the music of the words. You have and bental enfure, or that of the Bhahachinery such as driving large crancs effects of surroundings upon work.

not sut up as our British social ideal actual processes carried out by women Helen of Troy, passed on from man to of Persia the women too unintelligent to risk.

but as every one is more or less interested man as gold or other inanimate The real difference between the For heavy engineering work

objects West and the East hins bent the position safely handled pieca weighing

woman in motor-cara and aeroplanes it may be

rather the figure of the up 10 mentioned that they were very good inpass, hat 001,

maid, and although they have done m

Brynhild, who, clad machining heavier work with the help of special lift class of work needs great euracy and and counselled Sigurd that he wrought

parta Ja the great ordeal of the

in helmo of the engines That Warrior wongh of Britain justified the position

Lackie and bandling devices, yet it which thes

LE R have always occupied.

into the habit of check-grent deads. rapidly wolneh only in the last few decades that there hast was found that they often would not take ing work to within one-ten thousandth deal of the women of Northern Europe the trouble to use the tackle and so they part of an inch. The intricacies of fine that is before the Anglo-Saxon world tu any question about their

overtaxed their

strength. However: ht

instruthents measuring

wore quickly day. The battlefield now in the work. Invention and knowledge changed agri.

was on repetition work of a uitars and industry: manual labour was character tant, the women workers brake andersinad by women

The body-work of shop, in the laboratory, in the study; in

well as repinced by machinery. The spinning all the records of output. Some of this upholstering

motor lorries, motor-cars,

no the haunts of commerce or the arena of and trimming, are not skilled labour. factories steam driven looms guided by for a az stwil the

thought suitable for women, nor have they politics; and still you stand ready to Even in war the brain of hands a fen undreds of thousand

and the total time for com that the carpentering on lorry bodies is of some woman chemist might be of more produce the slothings of half the world. perations, and

plete boring by skilled воп is 3.10 considered to be too heavy.

value than a thousand Goliaths. Tho The boes and the grind-stones are gone;

machine hours. Women were substituted steam pinghs the land and shapes our

It has been possible only to give a few sword is now sheathed, the pen lathe, and ufter bread. The rosy milk-maids have passed for men on the boring awas and are repinced by the mechanical one week of practice did the work in sketches of the remarkable changes that work, the head and the bar is at 3.6 machine hours In less than 3 months have come about in our national life and muscles and arm, are the vital factor in life. So long as you maintain those We cannot reverse the wheels of time.e average line was reduced to 1 I am not unconscious that these lorious visions of the ideal, so long de

littic blurred. But the pictures hours, thus increasing the

appeur nor do we wish for the stream of lite to The Ministry of Munitions, after experi-than that of entertaining this audience cky and bitch our wagon to the star"

output 2 Lines.

nes. nve been drawn with an object deeper you make us men lift up our eyes to the low backwards. Machinery and the gapence, ineluded in contracts for shells the for a few minutes. tive meter forers of nature bave taken following clause:

There is something the dace is safe. The war has not the pine of human hand and foot. There this contract that not later than

It is a condition of that must gradually impress itself on been fought in vain:

31st as no earthly reason why woman haar in March, 1817, at least 80 per cent, of the about it, and I want to use the pictures munta wn, recognise the superiority Lake her place side by side with men in

the feminine over the masculine the new age of the workshops; indeed; she operatives employed in the execution of nake a few suggestions. The first one in all the spiritual and lofty con-

contract shall be women. this

The expres- is that the Anglo-Saxon race has a very ception of life; yet we men are very has done sy already,

About nine months ago a woman read! 810nuperativon shall include all those record, and that it has also a very human and we want as companions no

great before the Institution of Mechuninployed in unloading and loading. a paper

The third type of women--the ordinary

opportunity. Although

methereal objects, but those who, in the cal Engineers. She expressed her appre-factory type was found to be suitable for ended each one of us can still do some words used by the old Roman writer in ciation of the compliment accorded to her, work of the nature of repetition. Their thing quite as fine as the daily toil of

perially as the

preceded the

object was to make as much money as they those million women in our war werk describing the Northern women tramping.

All of this business of lathes, were companions Hage through Parliament of the mea-ould, and they disliked to be put to any machine

shops.

side by side with the men they loved, tools,

to dare with them ju steaan engines are giving the franchise to women.

Fresh work because by so doing they lost

aeroplanes, At that time (March 19th, 1918) there

by not being capable of operating so everything that we include under the war and suffer with the

me shall tho speaking about 1,000,000)

gosaniner weavings general name of machinery-bas

came porary setting back of wages.

The steam great ideala which alone can enable production of munitions of war. Indeed.

There were labour, Mr. Willin not believe in

undoubtedly firms who did tion, those who see visions. mployer of

million women who

capacity of women for sine was traded in Glasgow Univer. humanity to move forward with a high 14

but purely repetition sity; the electric telegraph was born in heart through life and its mystorics. The aut bren wa

away from their homes

the dynamo is most beautiful picture over painted is before went into the workshops.

work, and Prac

turner,

of

allo sollen.

bern

W21

the

work

in which there is a certain measure

of

the

Bot

wils are broken: an a thousand huge repetition work uvolved three been employed on there for the reasons] help your men.

Great separat

werd

the

1.28

the

mind

of anyone

who cares

to think

to

great

the war has

armour, 90

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In our saner

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uf

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Mittest in Creat Britain on the rapidly and consequently causing a ten-from the dreamers, the people of imagina women's mind of to-day bina us to the

Women

Allen, said

*had

tically all of those

women worke

Who doing regarded a women fitter, tool-College,

211

London

the introduction of came out that women did do even betterge scross the quadrangle of a to woman the deepest affection as she has

For

BOB years women have an expert women demonstrator, who at

carde

thel

dividual

of

of mind, and no one in-

an entirely masculine

rules, the waves her children never, never

or tool setter as an impossibility the creation of the great Englishman that of the Madonas and child; perbags, Faraday; and Lodge sent the first wire the eternal law of compensation grants but in many individual cases the fact engineering shops

and this new type

af labour produced many work than men in the same kind of than

at Liverpool. I suppose that problems which, after

that she always sacrifices herself. It is solved in the national interest.

alinter were employment. There were cases in which than 80 per cent. of the most valuable the greatest suffering. It is for the race

mechanical inventions and discoveries Ministry of Munitions sont to the firm chicas produced by Anglo-Bass all, to the good of our country that British women have stood shoulder to wages in Now it is in the

axes on ning of the war it was an exceptional prac thing for women to be employed as gen-training some of their workers and chaos are two sexes Physical plane, so there on our nation's coins we place the figure

helped the firm by two practicability and oral machinists and fitters in engineering ing others that were suitable. Many firms Gual possesses an entirely feminine Brittania, and wo say while Brittannia! shops.

mind. Perhaps the But the demand for a greatly who were helped in that way came to dreamers, the artists, the poets, and those shall be slaves. All that we men sak-is increased supply

of labour of all kinda realise the advantages of employing for munitions production, and at the same women labour, and they became soms of capable of great scientific imagination that our women will furnish us with time the necessity

to great the man- conserving

most successfully worked

deeds. The Great War fought for of action, the Napoleon Bonapartes, the dee the country to the fullest extent, power of the

country not only from the shops in the Possess the feminine mind; and the people great ideals, and inspire us made it necessary for the Government to of

Point

of view builders of railways, the natural rulers of material gains but an abstract idea called turn to the largest source of supply of on stage of women workers engaged mon, have the masculino mind. It is Freedom and the abstract ideas are

but also of the record output as well. In worth noting that our unskilled inbour, namely women.

in national hero. feminine there

origin. The women of were many instances in which Nelson, seemed to blend both types, and Britain in the workshops gained not only It is now nearly twenty-five years ago wotion of a know ylity and the all of the heroes of our fiction, even freedom for Europe but they aimed a

showed great

certain though mascalar in body, have some of blow at the shackles which bind the engineering that time there have been remarkable apprentices trained in the same period gentleness and a love of the beautiful shall set thom free. Just as the call of the feminine traits of character such as women of other nations and their work changes. The old leisurely ways are under pre-war

Ferhaps Anglo-Saxons blend happily in duty sent the British women into the war

fut

the dis

fact,

that

my own acquaintance with the engi-

neering workshops commenced and during bracob

of DI

of B

10 eTCORA of

of

conditions. This superseded everything, even before the mainly due to the reasons that apprentice their minds the masculine and feminine workshops, so will it make them to serve

women

Baine

It

war, was designed to increase the output have to learn themselves, whereas women But there has been no change so remark workers were definitely taught in the shop and, that accounts for their success; the for all time only that which is best and portion of the mind supplies the highest in the great traditions of our able as the substitution for man-power by itself under actual production conditions. women labour.

Women were employed Further, the necessity of the time factortion to conceive the plan; the race. before the war on some of the lighter appealed to their patriotism for greater latter tho will and emergy necessary to work, but a story current in 1912 reveals efforts.

carry it out,

key-note

national of

The Chairman, in proposing a vote of the general outlook of the average There were considerable difficulties in pride in our race.

efficiency 18

is co-operation and a reasonable thanks to the lecturer, referred to Mr. suployer of that period. It was said that the organisation of workshops for women must be a co-operation of the sexes. not been for the women the war would To obtain that there Lloyd George's statement that “if it had Messrs. Blank, at Coventry, decided toe, especially is the supervision and employ women in the work's drawing direction of the work in the factory. Fai. Many people now realise the striking not have been wod." There could be no offica The head of the department was fures of several firms were due to this the Anglo-Saxon conduct in Egypt, Bouth realised that the isolation of woman from contrast between the German Kultur and doubt, he said, that Great Britain had of the new girl-tracers showed him her reason when they were forced to employ Africs and India. If much of the actual labour was impossible; that women must irritable and probably overworked; one

A foreman, for instance, might work has been done by the men, the go band in hand with man in their wook, work:

it was all wrong, so he raved at bo an able man from the point ber just as he had been in the habit of of his technical qualification nt of view inspiration has come from the women and that wisdom was aut inborited by raving at non-tracers. She

the The tropica promptly

have borne the font and burden time an unsuitable foreman for of went into hysterics

As a rule, the men were either who sent the We can at leset remember The vote was carried with acclamus- was Queen Elizabeth us or one sex. It was the inborit screams were women,

ancë of humanity. heard in the adjoining workshops, whore too lanient or too strict in their treatment

first

Englishman out: to foremns thought that the orice came of women, and in order to overcome this thing by results which the spread of tion. from a man caught in some machinery. difficulty in many works forewomen were Anglo-Saxon ideals all over the world

good The alarm-bell was sounded, the machin-used instead. That system proved to be have brought ery was promptly stopped, and a Boarch the best for unskilled and semi-skilled

about. wanaager of the works at lust dise vond d who wore inexperienced

Wo have seen how the women in Grott The labour. made for mangled remains

As large number of women were employ supply munitions for the mon at the Britain rushed into the workshops to the dnum of the trouble and he have no more giri-treoers. However, if work it was only to be expected that there

engineering front. The workshops are still in exist necosity in the mother of invention, adaptability to new conditions in the sister the maintaining of factory decipline, to enormous debt incurred by this gonoration edges with thanks the following addi- wore frequent troubles and dificulties in once they must be kept working to proThe Hon. Treasurer, S.E.F., ołknow-

in vide employment and so to pay off the to auce Prejudice disappeared before which many of the wothon were not aceas

and weion word tumed. In this connection Mr. Charles who are out hero cannot mind the Intlig Food:-

on the part

of humanity. Those of us tional contributions to the X'mas Choor Wicksteed once remarked that he had had or work the electric motore, but

apart from the

and bor

the national menner, an waloomed into the workshops.

вед

CHRISTMAS CHEER FOR THE SERVICES.

Jt was only natural that employers all sorts of wornment inspoution do our utmost to create a demand for Mr. W. Logan ospred

should at first suppose that

ore troubles of the women were suitablo only for this very light work, but the inexperience of his staff and the trail not want to use had methods for doing Hon. Mr. R. H. Bharp, K.O.

the goods being made in Britain. We do Mr. E. M. Joseph as the sermicy grew greater women ties and completo inexperience of the proved themselves capable of doing many girls. He hoped his foremen never swore Colony and the Far East can influence

good. But the British women of this R, O, N, F. things in nost unexpected manilor. but uno of them came to him ono day, their men foil as no other foros on They showed more enterprise than men, and said: "If I had known as much influence thom. After all, very few of us or else they were less Ratisfied with drudg. about women before I was married as I men would exert ourselves, vory much but Previously acknowledged ery, for they often volunteered to take do now, I do not believe that I should for the encouragement up more strenuous duties. Indeed, the ever have got married." For, in the the women. There in now no war againat and inspiration of ountry's shipping to-day in very much onriy days especially, sometimes the things Garmany; but there is the old fight below what it might have been if the the girls were capable of doing word against chaos and disorder, against, resources of women-power had beans used incredible. more fully.

This employer said that he formed of ignorance and superstition. The often could not possibly conceive how they British women can help in that fight.

Total

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