1918-09-16 — Page 2

Page

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DAILY

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

ments.

MOŽDAN, SEPÍEMBER, 1öre, 1918.

SWISS ECONOMIC HARDSHIP.

PRICE OF NEUTRALITY. SHAKING OFF THE HUN. Switzerland's consistent and sleatly

The Swiss "bavo

SIMPLE HOUSES AFTER

A

THE WAR.

LESS GAUDINESS AND LESS· LUXURY ADVOCATED.

Lieut J. Gordon Allen. R.E...

F.RIBA, writing to the Daily Fees, says very large number of small houses must be built immediately after the war; for in this country, especially in rural districts, there haà long been some thing of a cottage famine.

What is the coming dwelling to be like? It will undoubtedly be simple; for from simplicity comes efficiency, nad simple articles are economical to make and also

ment," as has been done in the past, adds only to their cost, not to their fitness or beauty.

BONGKONG MAGISTRACY ABSENT COMPLAINANTS.

A Chinese was charged, on remand, with obtaining $40 from twa Chinese farmers on the pretext of obtaining em- ployment for them in Hongkong.

Mr. FX. d'Almada, who appeared for defendant, applied for his client's dis- charge, as the complainants were, not premt in Court.

Mr. Wolfe accordingly discharged the defendant,

AN HEIRLOOM FORFEITED.

Two Japanese were charged before Mr.

[BY J. A. SPENDER]

"Mr. Asquith showed his usual sure in- stinct when at the beginning of the war he declared the extinction of Prussian deined policy of neutrality, together with militarism" to be the capital aim of the her central position as a source of sup Allies. From that time to this events plies, within the limits of her capacity, have been pouring meaning into that.

for all belligerenta alike, has undoubtedly phrase, and we realise to-day that there conferred upon the country certain econo- can be no lasting peace and no guaranteemic advantages, says the Times Geneva for freedom in the world while the correspondent But the lot of the peace

su na world at war has its own di dominant military caste bolds Germany

Guglicies and dangers. in its grip and compels the rest of the en competed to bear their full share of se now and unforeseen dimculties im world to acek safety in war and arma-..

posed upon ali neutrals as the result of But we are beginning to underernye indiscriminate warfare, upon stand also that militariam never can be merchant shipping. The Republic has to keep in repair. To cover such every E, D. C. Wolfe with disorderly conduct." extinguished until we have something else surden of puulte debt for purposes of

also been obliged to add heavily to its!

day commodities as fish-knives, furniture, | One of the defendants pleaded guilty to to put in its place. The differences and national defence. When the war broke and fireplaces with meaningles orpa- being in unlawful possession of a dagger. rivalries of nations are not likely to

out the Federal Assembly, faithful to its Lue-Lested traditions of self-reliance,

"The first defendant. stated that in com- cense after this war, and if they are not authorized the Council of Suven to take

pany with three friends he went tu to be settled by war or threats of war,

suck measures as might be necessary, to

Wänchai. He paid the riesha hife, for ensure the Republics safety, integrity, there must be some other way of com

and neutrality. On August 2nd, 1914,

In the future we must be content with all his friends to one cooli, who ran the posing the. The most crushing vittory was mobilized, and six divisions less gaudiness and less luxury. Labour-

away with the money. The other three were called out to guard the national over Germany will not give us this, or troutiers. At the end of 1917 the war saving houses are naturally more apprecoolies then demanded payment and when save us from a future war of revenge and

Deut had reached rather more than 23 ciated as servanta becomes less cray to he gave them 30 cents to divide between tus necessity, in the meantinë, of 'arming

milions sterling, and, although the force outain; and the best types of modern under arms is now only about three divi-

them his friend,scolded him. During the ourselves to me teeth in order to insure against it all roads lead to the conclusions, the expenditure for national do

afterention two of them were arrested. rence is still no small matter for a country whose total annual, Budget before the war

Sergeant McWalter said that the second anted to about 1,000,000.

defendant was very noisy at the Station.. 1 is evident that

burden of this national debt, must impose upon the

This the second defendant admitted. Government fiscal and financial problema

The Magistrate fined the defendants very similar to those that confront the belligerent Powers, and that their solu

each for being disorderly. The first de- tion is not likely to be attained without

fendant was mulcted in an additional 35 serious disturbance of social and economic conditions. The question of future fara-

for possession of the dagger, which was tion, and especially the proposal recently All kinds of fitments-hat and umbrell, confiscated by the Police. put forward by the Socialist Party (and stands, hinged wall faps that can be set. The first defendant said the dagger waa rejected by a popular vote) for a direct up as tables, seats, shelves, cupboards- Federal levy on all annual incomes ex-

are to be welcomed as economics in space creding 5,000f. (£200), has already led to and domestic labour. Upstairs, cupboards the expression of wide differences of opin are superior to cumbersome wardrobes. ion, and to a widespread reaction against Lavatory basins fitted in bedrooms are bureaucratic centralization. The Federal

sion that it militarism is to be excio- guished it can only be by establishing in the world a new system of international relations which treat war as crime gainst humanity, and provides a way of panishing and restraining the warlords

and war-makers.

So when President Wilson came into the war he not only adopted the extinc- tion of Prussian militarism as the ebiet of American wär aims, but added to it the formation of a League of Nations to prevent war. The antions, according to this idea, are to enter into a solemn caven. mat with each other to submit all their disputes henceforth to arbitration and conciliation," to reduce their armaments

it would also provide for them security and good government.

of the new war debt within the next few years by the taxation of war profits (up to 60 per cent.) and by the levy of increns. d. income-tax from the wealthier classes on a progressive sliding scale. There will, moreover, be new levies of indirect taxa- tion on spirits, tobacco, and other

luxurics,

p

NATIONAL WEALTH.

uomestic

♫

sbow architecture stearly tendency to approach hospital construc tion. For example, if we avoid the "se of dust-colecting moulding, round off all internal and external corners of rooms, and introduce glazed and wash. able surtaces wherever possible, we shall save both in household work and in the cost of repairs. Metal fittings, needing continual and laborious rubbing to keep bright, are a nuisance not worth while in the home.

colours

There exists a very general conviction, even in the German-Swiss cantons, very similar to that which has begun to find utterance in Great Britain with regard to Germany's methods of peaceful penetra tian- a conviction that may be summed

Ger

an heirloom and had been in his family for several generations.

The Magistrate replied that if the dagger was an heirloom defendant could apply to the Captain-Superintendent of Police for a permit for it, and if this was granted he (the Magistrate) would reconsider the forfeiture of the weapon

SNATCHING CASES.

A Chinese was charged with snatching from another Chinese in Queen's Read.

Defendant stated that be picked up the purmy and was examining it when his was arrested.

Mr. Wood sentenced defendant tổ three months hard labour.

to an agreed limit, and to use all the Council proposes to recover at least half convenient and save much work. remaining forces, and all other means

Woodwork, since it splits and shrinks, political, cecnemic, and moral, against

and has to be painted regularly, is one any nation which refuses peaceful means

of the most troublesome items in building. of settling its apputes, which prepares

construction. There is also a very?, grave aggressive war, or exceeds the limit of

shortage in the world's supply of timber, wimaments laid down by the League,

So, because of these and other reasons, That is the proposal in its simplest form,

substitutes' for wood should be welcomed. but many other things would grow out

Glazed tiles are cheerful-looking, and of it. The League, acting through its

make excellent skirtings, window-ledgca Council, would be the defender of smal The Government is justified in assum and picture rails. Instead of wooden nationalities, the trustee of the undeveing that the country will be able to hear floors, jointless composition flooring Lea loped and unassigned regions, of the the increased tantion without serious proved a great success; it can be polished, world, and, the centre for the joint discus- inconvenience. On a conservative basis,

Sergeant Pith stated that complainant sion of subjects like tariffs, travel, wire-the wealth of the nation is estimated to and is now on the market in several less telegraphy, transport by air, which have increased since 1914 "by at least

twice as much as the war debt. In Concrete is without doubt the building was walking along Gilman's Bazaar on are more and more ceasing to be limited Switzerland, as elsewhere, the scale of material of the future. The aggregate Friday when the defendant and another by boundaries. Starting with this pega tive idea of preventing war and aring.

wages and the cost of commodities have gravel, clinker, and the like can be ob-

man humped into bim. Complainant felt.. rapidly risen-in other words, the pur- tained nearly everywhere, so that much mente, it would gradually take it the chasing power of money has been greatly of the cost of transport is saved, cement his pocket and found that his purse was positive settlement of questions what are

reduced. But Switserland's real wealth, not being a bulky material. Cement thus gone Defendant, who was standing near now settled by war. It would not only the productivity of the soil and indus becomes a most important commodity to forbid the Turks to raassacre Armenians tries, have not been impaired to the saute the building trade, and prices should beby, was arrested and the purse was found

extent as those of her neighbours, and her watched by future Governments.

in his possession. position in international trade is there Four years ago it was the habit to dis- fore likely to remain one of considerable miss all proposals of this kind as Utopian and increasing advantage for some years. drews. We bad had Hague Conferences, The average income of the Swiss citizen, which were little better than debating so expressed in terms of currency, has cieties; we had tried reduction of arma stendily risen, and must continue to rise meats, to meet with a haughty refusal in proportion to the gradual depreciation from Germany and her allies. Universal of the circulating income; be should, peace, said the Germans, was not only a therefore, be able to pay his quota of war

Two Chinese were charged with snatch taxes. with War was a

in two words: Never again." The dream, but a bad dream

equanimity. comparative

Swiss have now become alive to the "risks ing a gold bracelet from a Chinese lady necessary medicine for humankind, and Apart from the large fortunes made by sals why feeble and unmanly peoples limited number of contractors and four which, while confident in the blessings in King Hon Road, at Saiyingpua refused to take it. Will these eas ruce, for the belligerents, the position of Kultur, they incurred by allowing

A witness stated that he saw complain- and prospects of the pastoral and indus-themselves to become dependent upch survive the terrible experience which the trial population have been improved by ranny's good will for their coal supply ant and a little child walking along the nations are now having of the results of the steady increase in the prices which and by failure to take such steps for the street and the defendants come up from taking or being forced to take, this their produce commands. The strength of developing of their own resources in terrible medicine i That is the great Switzerland's commercial and financial water-power as would have relieved them behind and snatch something. Police question before the world, and upon its position a whole is fairly reflected in of that dangerous dependence. Similarly whistles were blown and two Indian

them that a answer depends not only the League of the rates of exchange ruling between it has been brought home Nations but the future of civilisation. Berne and the belligerents capitais. The country which enjoys no direct access to watchmen arrested defendanti. For, as Viscount Trey bas just said in Swiss frane is worth to dry more than the sea, and which depends upon scaberna Corroborative evidence was given by

industrial his powerful pamphlet, the nations must twice as much as the Italian lira; that is supplies to feed its

population, either learn perish. When the war to say, an Italian bayer of Bwiss produce may well find itself in a parlous state other, witnesses.

theros either have done with must pay for it the equivalent of twice bereafter should the war of armies be Mr. Wood sentenced each defendant to

as much Italian labour, or reserve of followed militarism or be delivered to it as never

by a war of tariffs and restricted b.fore in the world s history. For this wealth, as he would have given three raw materials. For this reason the Swiss twelve months', hard labour, four "hours" war is only a mild war compared to what years ago. Similarly, the Swiss franc is Government looks to the future by interstocks, and twelve strokes with the birch.

national worth more than the British shilling, and

agreements to establish the Re- the next will be, when science bus had a few years to develop the awful machinery As matters stand, a Swiss investor can

30 per cent. more than the French franc. public's right to through-transit access to the sea for Bwiss vessels, and to develop now in use, and to devote itself aystema

purchase 100 marks' worth of depreciated Swiss navigation" on the Rhine and the tially to the destruction of human life ferman securities for 72.

Rhône. and property. If militarism continues, is not yet. It is true that the cost of liv

THE FOOD PROBLEM. our armaments bill will, as Counting has materially increased (a writer in

The crucial fact of the situation -iä Czernin said, bo ten times as great after the Tribune de Lausanne estimates that Switzerland today is, that if by any the war as before it, and between paying a household which could live comfortably whent should not come forward, the counably as a temporary measure only, extra

chance America's promised shipments of Danng the next Patrol Period, and prob for the last war and preparing for the on 3,000 (£123) a year before the war, now next our energies, and our wealth will requires 5,0001. (200) to keep up the same try (which needs 30,000 tons a month) duties in uniform and in plain clothes he so exhausted that we shall have no standard), but as the general average of would have to choose between the alter will be required in certain districia thing to spare for peaceful progress and comfort has not been sensibly reduced, natives of famine and an appeal to Ger-Warning Officers have been duly advised. the pleasure of life.

except in the case of middle-class rentiers, many for assistance on German terins This literally what faces all the it is fair to assume that the incomes of The present, reserves of grain amount to P.-c. 007 Graca is invalided out. nations, and faces them the more impera the industrial and agricultural classes about two months consumption, and the Pc. 25 Chan Shiu Hang is permitted to

harvest is estimated to provide for about resign on leaving the Colony. tively very month the war is prolonged, have risen in equal proportion.

2 months more. The immediate situation September 14th, 1918. Therefore I hope we shall not be told any

But as the world goes to-day, an ́im.

creates no serious anxiety, but there have mare that the League of Nations in-a

been moraents when it threatened to be- visionary and impracticable idea. It is proved income does not necessarily mean

prosperity; it may not

come critical. After the entry of the

A GERMAN CIRCULAR етед in the contrary, the most urgent and Larred supply of the necessaries of life. United States into the war, wir the practical question before the world, We Thers are features in the economic situs German-Swiss Press was decoracing

"Cathedrals destroyed, four; rendered Lave lived through hundreds of years of dien of Switzerland which, for the in- President Wilson and everything Ameri unserviceable, eight; churches, destroyed, experience since 1014, and it must be dividual nu well as for the State, give can, and again during the negotiations twenty-seven rendered unserviceable, manifest now to the most exnical and the considerable cause for anxiety. At an with Germany (before France came for is not, as might have been supposed, sa the coal agreement recently concluded thirty-four; total, seventy-three." This most sceptical that persistence in the old early stage of the war it was brought ward with the offer which compelled Allied statement of German frightful- ways will bankrupt civilisation and de- home to the Bliss Government, to the Berlin to take something less than her fullness," it is a calculation made by Ger- prive human life of its meaning and trading community, and even to the house- value. When the world has got to this wife, that the economic position of pound of flesh), there was no little pertany herself in a circular that is being stage there is a call to all humans people, neutral State and especially of one that burbation at Berne." Everything possible distributed in Spain. The mixture of to all men of sense and foresight, to has no direct access to the sea-may easily has been done by the Federal Government childish glee with brutality is peculiarly revise their old opinion, and to be pres become even more unpleasant than that of to increase the cultivation of wheat and Teutonic, and the circulat is issued as pared for now and bold ideas which offer the belligerents Bwis

other cercale, but the results are compara statesmanship. relist from an otherwise desperate, situs bared on the traditions and experienes nt food sroduction of the public is no-such as Spain-which may be still

tively

a. useful warning to neutral countries" It is probable that the tion, Germany stands in the way, and 1870, had apparently never contemplated! until her military caste in in ons why or the possibility of being hemmed in to the greater, on the whole, to-day than it was thinking of siding with the Allies." But another defected and discredited, her

of war on all four frontiers; in 1914, because the cutting off of import the German statistician is too modest. MACARONI, PASTE STARS, EGG NOODLES, VERMICELLI, only to ed cattle foods and of fertilizers hne Those who have been at the Front know

in, but obstruct alf nroposals for Remix Bequences which Germany's ruthless war in the stocks of dairy cattle.

necessitated a very considerable reduction better than to believe that the Boche has injured or destroyed only seventy-threo ing law and peace in the world. The entailed upon neutrals. The leaders of

In Switzerianlity of separating tbc bottles of champagne we can well believe; as elsewhere, there is churches. That he has stolen 523,000 adhesion of Germany is necessary to the puble opinion who perceive the dangerous eronomic from the politics problem,

evidently по completion of a League of Nations, but position in which the Confederation. Dow either now or in the future. It is inevit but nothing will make us credit his state. until her people are emancipated from stands, dependent for the continued

ment that he has purloined only 5,000 their war-lords and give a free and existence of her industries upon German able that, after the war, Germany will watches and 3,765 umbrellas. There is honest absent to its principles we can coal, and for her daily bredd upon A of foreign trade, and that, in her keen show of 1,376 silver spoons brace of endeavour to recover as much as she can something wrong, too, with the beggarty neither expect nor desire them to come? can wheat; those who know what encrifices struggle for markets, she is not likely to in. The League of Nations is therefore both Government and people have had to do anything to facilitate the competition do better than that. Yet, when all allow express robbers" in the Far West could for the present ne pacifist formula, but a incur in order to maintain their neutralis of Bwiss industries. On the contrary, she fighting creed, and let me add-the most ty and to exert & national catastrophe in certain to do everything in her power ance is made for German modesty anf ineniring of all fighting creeds, since it and prosperity in tot, deya future to force Switzerland into the Mitts) disinclination to boast, the circular looks to the good of mankind as a whole, ty and prosperity must depend upon Europa combination, which for the Remains the most curious indication

achieving economic independence and makes its battle-cry the deliverance

public would mean political and economic Teutonic mentality which we have of the world from the curse of war. (Continued at foot of next Column.): Vassaldom

come across-Ex

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