1918-08-24 — Page 7

THE

CABINET

HOME COMMITTEE.

- DEVOLUTION AND DEMARCATION.

Then

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS. SATURDAY, AUGUST 94r¤, 1318.

the present Government was formed and a numer of changes. intro- | duced. The Cabinet was reduced in size

bo

and the Ministers were usually without In the House of Lords, recently, Vis-portfolio, so that they might not count Midleton called attention

to the troubled with departmental work. Ah- other new feature was regularity of meet ings.

The present system was that of à Cabinet in permanent session.

teen months. During that time there had

report of the War Chiner for 1017 and to the desirability of limiting the duties of the War Cabinet to matters immediately,

This

A LEAGUE OF NATIONS.

VISCOUNT GREY ON THE ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS.

Viscount Gres of Fallodon has issued pamphlet form (Oxford University, Press) a striking contribution to the dis cussion of the problem of future interna tional relationships, in which he specially Considers the practicability of setting up

right to make their interests prevail nguinst the weaker by force, and all the States must forgo the right in any dis pute to rescrt to.force before other methods of settlement by conference, conciliation, or, if need be, arbitration, have been tried.

The obligation is that if any nation will not observe this limitation upon its national action; if it breaks the agreement

relating to the conduct of the war and of Government had been in existence.cigh-what is known as the ". Lengue of Naf which is the basis of the Lengule.. rejectS

re-establishing ordinary Cabinet givern

tions:** However shadowy and ideal, ha

all peaceful methods of settlement and

went for all other purposes. He said that been 595 meetings of the War Cabinetpoints out, the prospect of such a League resorts to force, the other nations must since he put, the notice on the paper ap- and of the Imperial War Cabinet," thirts way have seeined in the past, it, by no means follows that it will remain inipes

parently well-authenticated accounts had conferences or meetings with Allies at

had been

against it. The economic pressure that one and all use their combined force

appeared in various journals of the in- which the greater part or the whole fible of realisation. If the war does not such a Leagum evuld use would in itself tention of the Government to appoint the War Cabinet, were present. Thus ench mankind new lessons that will sobe very powerful, and the action of some i

meetings in sonte species of Home Committee for the| there

Every day the first dominate the thought and feeling of those of the smaller States composing the purpose of dealing with some of the sub-474 working days.

who survive it, and those who succeed the League could perhaps not go beyond to receive reports on the jects now coming before the War Cabinet,hushes was He did not know how far those accounts navil. military, and air situation from survivors, as to make new things possible economic pressare, but those States that then the war will be the greatest enta-have power must be ready to use all the When Sir Douglas Haig! were well authentiented. hut assuredly the experts they would not reach the distance, desired was in London be was not infrequently strophe as well as the most grievous trial forer, economie, military, or naval, that |

and suffering of which mankind has any Discussions then took place on the situation, after which there followed a discussion on the foreign any remarks that he night make there and diplomatic situation. Then they pro-Empire, or the fate of a continent: the others From the obligation to enforce the would be nothing of hostility to the War ceeded to the agenda of the day.

unless they went a very long way in advaner of any proposal which had hitherto found favour in the Press.

Cabinet.

In

invited to be present.

He

record.

There is more at stake in this war than the existence of individual States or

they possess,

Es must be clearly unders stood and accepted that 'defection from a vislation of the agreement by one or more States does not absolve all or any of the

whole of modern cișilisation is at stake.agreement. Anything less than this is of

no value."

But he cantended that the denied that the Cabinet ever suggested it and whether it will perish and be sub l whole system on which they were appoint must not be held accountable for the ge-merged, as has happened to previous civil.! ed and on which it was hoped they would ral administration of the country. There isations of older types, or whether it will was, no congestion under present arrange proceed had been changed. Eighteen, or

tive and progress, depends upon whether Ministers of other departments the nations engaged in. this more Ministers had become practically ments.

war.. and and their experts were always present even those that are onlockers, learn the when affairs concerning them were dis-lessons that the experience of the war may cussed. The number of persons so ad-teach them. It must be with nations as

terats in their own departments; while the whole Government of the Empire, not

merely decisions of the war but those

and profit by experience and rise they cannot stand still. They must learn

greater heights, or else sink lower and drop eventually into the abyss,"

What are the conditions, Lord Gray usks, that are essential if the League is

NO PHACE BÝ DOMINATION. Hitherto, it is pointed out, the nations have made reserves in arbitration or con ciliation agreements-an exception is the

Great Britain and the United States before the war and have also carefully abstained from undertaking any obliga agreements of general application record-

Conciliation Trent negotiated between

ed at Hague conferences.

Are the nations of the world prepared now, or will they be ready after this was, to look steadily and clearly at this aspect of the League of Nations, at the limita tions and obligations that it will impose, and to say whole-hearted and convinced

accept and undertake them as they have never been before. We will

connected with civil departiments, Tell on mitted to Cabinet meetings was 381. Dis-with individuals; in the great trials oftion to use foren to uphold rules and the shoulders of the half-dozen cligarchs.ussions were reported and the decisions life they must become better or worse Probably there were many days on which promulgated by a very able staff of sec When history was written Sir The War Cabinet had been forced to disretaries. cuss critical decisions in" Fruner, "claims Maurice Hankey would deserve his own of the most urgent charneter from the niche in the temple of our national in- Devolution and delegation bad Allies to receive deputations on labour terests, dificulties, deal with Ireland, forms of then developed to an ensinous degree. food råtrictions, and to assuage various In addition to a number of permanent

Rod The heads of committees in constant.

regular Parliamentary crumbles.

session, there was an Economic Defence departments did not meet the Cabinet as

and They did in the old days. Overlapping and Development Committe

Standing Committee on Eastern Affairs, way incestipts There were just over

THE NEW COMMITTEE, twenty., Government departments before the war, but now there are thirty-nine. The remedy way that we should have a War Cabinet which was solely occupied

sidered to be home affairs.

Nothing but experience convinced in-

anarchy to settle the relations between

to become effective/· There are two main

before, but either present now or likely themselves And the sanction that main- ones, each involving issues pat

present dividanis that law was better than

to be present hereafter-

tains law is the application of force with (1) The idea must be adopted with the support of the great majority of earnestness and conviction by the Exe-viduals behind it. Is it possible that It must become the experience of this war will produce a an essential part of their practical policy gulate the relations of States with each settled opinion of the same sort to re one of their chief reasons for being or continuing to be responsible for the policyther and safeguard the world from war,

which is in fact anarchy of their States. They must not adopt it unly to render lip service to other persons whom it is inconvenient or ungracious Lo displease! They must lead, and not fol low; they must compel if necessary, and

There had recently been added a Com-cutive Hends of States. It would con. tee.on Home Affairs,

He

118

Science has made the war more and more terrible and destructive ench year.

The Germans have forced a ruth- isss and unlimited application of scientific discovery to the destruction of human life, combatant and non-combatant. They have shown the world that now and bence. forth was means this, and nothing less than this. If there is to be another war in twenty or thirty years' time, what will it be like? If there is to be concentrated preparation for more war, the researches of science will be devoted henceforth. to discovering methods by which the human race can he destroyed. These discoveries cannot be contined to one nation, and their object of wholesale destruction will be much more completely achieved here- The Germans, Lord Grey says, are not blind to this, but, as far as he can see, their rulers purpose to avoid future wars by establishing the domination of Ger many for ever. He concludes:—

the greater part of the arguments ad- the latest, and, perhaps, it might not be sons. One of the.co and pence are to after even than in this war."

their views i

the last development of the he had argued had been well tried and now soundly established in experience. He hoped their lordships would not im agine that he thought the final step. had been reached in reorganisation,

I

**Pence can never be secured by the domination of one country securing its power and prosperity by the submission and disadvantage of others, and the Gier- nan idea of a world peace secured by the power of German militarism is impractic

as unfair and abhorrent to other nations.

is as intolerable and impossible in the world es despotism

sist of the President of the Local Govern nient. Board, the President of the Board with the conduct of the war. Hear..

of Trade, and many other Ministers. It bear The Prime Minister should b

would weer ander the presidency of the member of it, and there should be the Home Secretary at least offer a week two heads of departments--the Army and and all domestic questions would be re.not be compelled.

ferred to it that required the co-operation To what extent is this condition pre Navy-a Minister without portfelis, and of more than one Department and called sent now 7 "The question can be answered one Sepresenting the Dominions, like Gen. for Cabinet decision. Or all the stand certainly and affirmatively as gards Pre sident Wilson, and this alone is sufficient ral Smuts. He would also add she busting Committees the Treasury was repre- to give new life and purpose to the idea military and naval representatives that wented if it desired. The Committee could be obtained to sit, not as assessors, would have power of deciding on behalf of a League of Nations, President Wil at to vote as members of the War of the Cabinet, but as in the case of other son and his country have had in this Casinet The Home Cabinet should be Committees larger questions of pelies matter the great advantage of having been charged with what the War Cabinet-con- would be referred, at the discretion April, 1917, able to observe the war

for more than two years and a hall, before the chairman, to the War Cabinet. The Marquis of Lansdowne said thought that the Committee might be a neutrals. They were able not only to o found himself in general concurrence with valuable addition to their system. It was serve, but to reflect and to draw conclu- has been vanced by Yimount Midleton. It was

that, if national liberty, System which clear that Cabinet government had now

be secure in future, there must be disappeared altogether, and with it the

League of Nations to secure them. good, sound doctrine of the collective

must not be supposed that the Govern responsibility of the Government of the

rents of the Allies are less ready to draw, or have not already drawn, the same con He was anxious to be sold what, day:

ciusion. In this nuder the new dispensation. was really

country, at any rate, He had been asked a question about the the project has met with wide and cordial the position those Ministers who were

of But 2 the War Cabinet. If the Governordination between the Committees acceptance. On the other hand, the mili- ment had to discuss terms of peace, would and the War Cabinet Co-ordination was tary party in Germany are, and must that concern only the War Cabinet, or secured by the fact that the chairman wasreninin, opposed to it: they resent any would other members of the Governtient either a member of the War Cabines or imitation, upon the use of force by Lier be given an opportunity of expressing person who had access to the whole many as fatal to German interests, forable as well

it They were told that the Im Cabinet. Finally, there were two other they ena conceive no development, and perial War Cabinet would be able to forms of consultation. One was n confer. | even- no security, except one based sole would be here or in the United States. deliberate and give decisions on questions ce presided over by the Prime Minister upon force. oncerning the conduct of the war. He with important bodies or interests con-

In opposition to this iden of Germany. would like to know what means would be cerned in matters which were likely to

Wilson has already set forth, the idea of the Allies should set forth, as President taken to coordinate the decisions of that i rome up for decision, and the other was a situation of this first essential condi-a peace secured by mutual regard between Labinet with those of the British Warting of all the Ministers to deal with tion:- Cabinet. At any rate, it looked as if marters on which they were entitled to. It is present certainly as regards the mimation to stamp out any attempt at States for the rights of each and a deter they would have three bodies--their own heard. The postponement of the ques Executive Head of the United States; it War Cabinet, their Domestic Cabinet, and tien of setting up a Ministry of Health either is or will at the end of the wared the destruction of all

war, as they would a plague that threaten- the Imperial War. Cabinet. There could wes du net to any congestion of work be found to be present as regards the Gov be no doubt that the relr ions of these in the Cabinet, but to the fact that it ernments of other countries fighting on this sort of peace can in word and deed When those who accept this idea and badies would have, to be very carefully raised neute and deep-seated differences the same side as the United States. Even speak for Germany, we shall be within between the Departments concerned. among their enemies Austria has publicly sight of a good peace. The establishment The Marquis of Crewe said the War

an shown a disposition to accept the pro-and maintenance of a League of Nations Cabinet had ceased to be a War Cabinet. nterly impossible solution. It was abso- posal, and probably welcomes it genuine such as President Wilson has advocated, because it had to deal with a large cum lately impossible to draw the line between ly, though secretly, as safeguard for her of subjects outside the war. He domestic auestions and war questions, her future, not only against old enemies, secure pence, than any of the

more important and essential to wished to join, most cordially in the ex- Nine-tenths of the." questions which but against Prussian domination.

All

Derms actual of pression of admiration of the unstinted would be domestic

peare that may conclude the war; it in peace-time small States, belligerent or neutral, na devotion which Ministers had shown, but were was questions now-for

will transcend them all. The best of them e agreed they had undertak-n-an impo- agriculture, food productionally desire in their own interest every-will be worth little, unless the future rela ibing that will safeguard all States a tions of States are to be on a basis that man-power, labour, racing. The present well as great from aggression dier, Will prevent à recurrence of militarism in system worked smoothly; but if there were There remains the

any State." Earl Curzon said Viscount Midleton two Cabinets it was pretty certain that many, where recent military success and jealousy, friction, and misunderstanding the ascendancy Prussian militarism drew a picture of the Government as he saw it. He descried them as a half-dozen would be developed. How could that have pave reduced the advocates of anything oligarchs drunk with autocracy and awamp. Cabinet on which the Prime Minister but force to silence. Germany has to he ed with work, "doing important things and the Leaders of the two Houses did convinced that force does not pay, that

charged not vit!

Did they think that when the the aims and policy of her military rulers and unimportant this, andere question of Ireland was considered it was snflies intolerable and also

An Overseas Press Centre has been he would endeavour to place before their purely domestic? Is had to be considered sury suffering upon her; and that when established, under the auspices of the

as a war question: the number of their minds an impression of the Govern-1: Ireland, the number of reconitaps the world is free from the menace of these Ministry of Information, at 2, Norfolk lordships would, he hoped, leave upon

nalitary rulers, with their sharp swords, ment not only conducting ite work in

shining armour, and, mailed buts, Gerstreet, for the purpose of providing &

will find peaceful development as

central rendezvous and rallying point for maner very different from that suggested,

all accredited London correspondents of but free from many of the blemishes with of his competence to deal with the mili-sured and preferable to expansion by war,

adjusted.

ible task!

with an

DEFENCE OF THE SYSTEM,

in

The two-Cabinet suggestion

was

wanted

as the front, and so forth. The Govern ent sent Lord French to Ireland becan

GERMAN OPPOSITION,

Viscount Grey sums up as follows the

and war.

unneces

OVERSEAS PRESS CENTRE.

rue overscas "newspapers. In this instance

which the noble Viscount" had charged fary situation. The true reform did not and will realise that the condition of true the term oversens does not apply only to

in in the direction of two Cabinets, but security for one nation is a sepse of

them. The old Cabinet was faulty for the purpose of peace, and quite impossible in cord of the Government for the past year Germany feels this to be true, there can

in devolution and demarention. The re security on the part, of all nations. Till the representatives of journals in the British Dominions overseas, but in: tune of war. Meetings of the Cabinet were most irregular. Any Minister desir was the answer to the criticisms.

be no League of Nations in the sense eludes all Imperial. Allied, and neutral ing to bring up a matter of departmental With reference to futura Cabinets, he intended by President Wilson: A League journalists serving in the capacity indi or public importance had to seek the per- thought they would be subject to a great such as he desires toust include Germany,cated. The principal object is to enable mision of the Prime Minister to do so, reduction in numbers. Secondly, he and should include no nation, that is not overzeau journalists to be in closer touch It was difficult for any Minister to secure thought that the presence of other Minis thoroughly convinced of the advantage with the Ministry of Information, the justice in general discussion in which ters in the Cabinet would become 1 fer and necessity of such a League, and is offices of which are but a few doors away, he could place his own case. No record ture: thirdly, that there would be an therefore not prepared to make the efforts. In opening the new centre Lord Beaver whatever was kept of their proceedings agenda husiness to be diseased; fourth, and, if need be, the

brook, said that the Ministry wished: to except the private and personal letter he doubted if it would he possible to maintain it." written by the Prime Minister to the dispense with the assistance of a secre

give overseas jourqalists every facility The second condition essential to

to understand the British public and to Sovereign, the contents of which were never inry: that a record or minutes of foundation and maintenance e seen by anyone else, had the baziest notion of what its deci, and lastly he hoped there would

2-Governments and peoples of the war effort. The Ministry realised that sions were. A Minister went away and very considerable devolution-a decan States willing to found it must under the psychology of the people was quite an mcted upon what he thought was a decision tralisation of Government work. stand clearly that it will impose some important as the fighting armies in the which subsequently turned out not to be a thought when the war was over, and the limitation upon the national action of field. Much and indeed everything de decision at all, and was repudiated by history of the present time was written. each, and may entail some inconvenient pended in this war of nations upon the his colleagues. When that system.came it would be found that they had left not,

obligation. The smaller and weaker will and determination of the peoples in contact with the hard realition of war an inconsiderable mark on the develop-

nations will have rights that must be engaged in the conflict, and the British it was destined to crumble to pieces atment of the Constitution of the country.

-respected and upheld by the League. I people were determined to win and per (Hear, hear.)

The stronger nations must forgo the severe with this object to the end.

once....

of

the

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