1918-07-06 — Page 7

UNITED.......COMMAND.

HOW IT WAS ACHIEVED.

[rnost a renR19,] Just Bix weeks have passed since the great German offensive, which was "to end the war and give the world a German peace," was launched. It may be divid. ed, so far, into three phases:

1. The general offensive of the 17th, the 2nd, and the 18th German armic between the Sense and the Oise, last

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JULY 6TH, 1918,

AMERICAN LABOUR AND THE WAR.

DETERMINED TO SMASH THE MACHINE THAT THREATENED

THE WORLD'S LIBERTY.

NEW SITUATION IN THE NORTH SEA.

WILL THERE BE A BATTLE!

[BY ARCHIBALD BURD-].

scaplanes and airships In destroying sub marines would be unbelievable were they not supported by refutable evidence The submarine has not yet been mastered, but its eventual doom is certain.

The situation in the North Sea is rapid-From the opening of the war a great The representatives of the America ly changing, to the increasing embarrass many people have been expecting a naval Federation of Labour included in a partyment of the Germans. Tomorrow the battle. In early days unsound opinions of American citizens who have been Admiralty hanouncement with reference were expressed as to its probability. studying life in Great Britain under war to the great minefield between the Nor-ssibly the new conditions in the North conditions were entertained at dinner at regian const and the Orkney Islands will Sea will again cause the same inquiry long to be made-When will there be a naval the House of Commons by the General take effect. But that is only one aspect

||Flatzle? The Germans can have a battle Appleton presided.

ing from the 21st to the end of March; Federation of Trade Unions. Mr. W. of the matter, as the Germans, judging whenever they want it. The strength of ]

2. A first pause in the general offen sive, marked by local actions at the. centre and on the two wings, lasting from April 1st to 8th; and

3. From April 9th, development of

Mr. G. N. Barnes, M.P, proposed the toast of "The American Federation of Labour." This was a war, he said, not unly of armies in the field, but of nations and pooples Therefore it must néces

hear)

by Admiral von Capelle's speech Inst week, are beginning to realise. It was all very well at one time to indulge in sneers about the British Fleet being in bading," but recently British sounen have appeared in the Cattegat, sinking

the Grand Fleet has been well maintained, and some of the finest battleships of the United States Navy are now. associated with it. They are not only splendid fighting ships, but they are well officered the offensive in Flanders from a sarily be waged by the Labour ranks in ten mining trawlers and rescuing their and manned. If Admiral Beatty were asked his opinion, there is no doubt what diversion between Armentières and the all belligerent countries, and the Ameri- crews-n point which German newspapers he would say of the value of the aid which Lys to a drive against the bulwarke of can Federation of Labour,filled an im, may well notice; British seamen have the United States has given in this Ypres, with hard local netions at the portant role in the conduct of the war invaded the Bight of Heligoland; British respect The conditions under which tho Germans would engage are therefera less Fasico-British junction south of the on the American side (Hear hear.) er bare also raided the enemy home Battle old that the Jeurs of the lairs at Ustend and Zeebrugge, placing 1015. The enemy never intended to fight of Jutland occurred-May 31st, The war could not have been waged with. ix blockships, weighing in the aggregaten general fleet action; he thought he could While the armies have been fighting out the dumocratic people of the West, about 25,000 tons, in the entrances to the overwhelm the British battle-cruisers and their information bureaux have not been

because it was a war for democratic ports, and thus restricting the movements win a cheap victory before Lord Jellicoe, idle. We know very much more about ideals. Mr. Samuel Gompers, the presid of destroyers and subniarines. That does with the battle fleet, appeared on the the first stage of the offensive and the ent of the American Federation of

not look like hiding."

scene. They narrowly escaped annihila And to-morrow the great minefield to tion, the gathering darkness, and tho gim, plau, and means of the operation Labour, was worth a general in the field the north becomes effective, and the Car superior strength in destroyers which they than we did a month ago. I have, there in France or in Flanders. (Hear, hear.) in the way of further surprises. They

many will be wondering what it portends possessed proving their salvation. fore, brought my notebooks down from

WHAT WILL THE GERMANS DO ? Mr. James Wilson, who responded, said have received a series of unwelcome shocks. the front to a quiet place in order, dur-he had been amused to ste in a paper disturbed the mental equilibrium of the year they have remained inactive while during the past few weeks, which have For two years-for it is nearly two ing this further pause, to look at the published in London a statement to the naval staff whica for three years has been the odds against them have been increas affair as a whole, and attempt to outline effect that certain American Labour British Fleet could not touch them, while sustained in the course of their Baltic inspiring the newspapers to boast that the ed, quite apart front, the losses they have some of its features that were hardly leaders were here, and had been in confer Germany, on her part, was delivering a adventures during the past few months, apparent at the time of my earlier telt once with some people in England, but submarines The new minefield, in asso-able. Those are the facts of the naval series of moral blows by means of her which have certainly not been inconsider- grams. In this position the first of these that they were not capable of represent-cintion with the other three minchelds situation, and everyone who reads way features to demand appreciation is, of ing the Labour movement in a antional notice, and the closing of Pentland Firth, men of their own volition are likely to of which the Admiralty have given official decide for himself whether German Bea coursc, the remarkable accomplishment of

mander. (Cries of Snowdon and constitute a new problem for the enents.

risk a battle, even when confronted with the French armies directed by General

conditions promising the defeat of the Pétain, under the co-ordinating in

Bansos Macdonald.") Had we come

THE BASIS OF ACTION. DAS G46

submarine their present solitary diver- fence, and latterly the Allied command, of General Foch. It may be admitted thrown our armas about the necks of men of factors which may be overlooked hy tainly does not suggest that, unless the now that there were, in the first phase who would meet in conference those eup the landsman who is unfamiliar with iron hand of Hindenburg Intervenes, the conditions governing naval warfare there is any intention to imperil the High porting a Government that has murder-It is necessary to have carefully-prepared Seas Flect. of the baith, hours of the most desperate their brothers on sea and

The submarine 9 plane, suitable material in amplo quan--

has failed die anxiety, for the French as well as the land and has committed every crine tity, which often takes many months to wally to realise the most modest anticipa British commanders. No blow has been in the calendar, then we should have been produce, and favourable weather conditions of the ruthless enemy.

It was to struck in this-or, needless to say, in considered capable enough to have repretions. Owing to circumstances beyond bring us to our knees in three months, any previous-war comparable for mass, sented the great Labour movement in control of the most inspired seaman, then in six months, then in a year, and speed, and skill with that of the last ten America." But American Labour had schemes, admirable in themselves, have now the Naval Secretary, learning by days of Marchand

decided by a unanimous vote that it would often to be nursed for a long period, as experience, is content to say no more never tweet in conference while the war was illustrated by the raids on Zeebrugga than this, that lasted any representative of the German and Ostend. When it was first innugarat exceeds the losses. Even that statement workers. They would return to Americaed, the submarine campaign was a very is not true, as the First Lord of the Ad- more convinced than ever that the course serious menney, because it had not been wirulty has revealed, pointing out that the Admiralty eliminate from their cal British

culations all except absolute certainties. It was a desperate contrary to lan and humanity, at Germany grasped in her anxiety to do tive but to continue to delude his fellow- something, after the High Seas Fleet had countrymen, telling them that

50 far been throw on the defensive and her as the other requirements of the army foreign service cruisers sunk. Now the navy reply to the submarinestroyer or other constraction.

at the service of U-boat “The Cause of Democracy" yan sub- from the first, is the destroyer, or

So far 48 We are con: mitted by Mr. John P. Frey, small craft and the mine. It was in cerned, it may be replied that, as the

Bir Thomas Mackenzie, High Commis those respects that the British be

revelations made of plans to in- crease the rate of-hoat destruction. sioner for New Zealand, whose name was us the fleets of the Allies,

the United States, wer weakeste fosses which have been suffered coupled with the toast, said that demo possessed a superiority in batticable,

by cruer was on its trial in this great war. battleships aro no more fitted to fight the enemy ring broken to the German the months If we came out sound and safe, as he submarines than they are to oppose forts, thought we should do it would justify as the experiences of the Americans in people as diplomatically as possible; the continuance the wide world over of 1861-3 and in 1805, and of the Japanese they are now told to keep their eyes on the submarine cruisers which are being for all time, in their two wars, conclusively proved

Their hopes rest n (Cheers.)⠀⠀

them, Submarines of great size suffer from inevitable disadvantages in moving about mined areas. They present large. argute on the surface, where our patrol ships and aircraft are on guard, and must find it no easy business to nose their way through waters sown with mines.

to Great Britain, bo proceeded, and Action at sea depends upon 2 numberston Admiral von Capollo's speech cor-

ATTACE BY 300,000 GERMANS,

Up to the 20th the sector of attack had been held by seventeen German division.

the increase of U-boats.

By the night of the 1st thirty fresh which American Labour had resolved to anticipated by any seamabad But Admiral von Capelle bas no altern

divisions had been throws in, and in the next nine days another thirty-six were added. Give the devil his due Mest soldiers would probably have said that the direction of a forrent of eighty three division, or some 900,000 men, on to a moving front expunding from fifty to eighty or ninety miles in ten days, would be impossible. It was a merciless plan has its kill and power may he all the mort readily granted because this in the best measure of the heroism and the success of the Allied armies.

Jille was the only proper course. Hear, hear.) They were determined to mash the machine that threatened, the liberties of the peoples and to establish the rights of democracy all over the world (Hear, hears)

well

but

A be planit, our entire war industry

A map of the field covered by the offen- sive in these ten days shows clearly its ain and chief stress. It makes a rough democratic principles for MASAt first consequently, the enemy was completed for sca equilateral triangle, the apex of which ia. fixed just north of the Scarpe und east of Arras. The cast side of the trinagle Mr. James O'Grady, MP, who also is the original front of fifty miles, run-replied, said that if it cost another bing to the lise near La Fore. The west million men that democracy might live side is nearly the present front, running then the price must be paid. by Albert to just south of Montdidier.

The base runs east by Lassigny and the

and then fell off by steps northward, was strengthened; company by company, bat

at an advantage, and during last year he managed to sink an enormous volume of tonnage. But the British seamen did Ho despair, and their initiative resource, and courage are exhibited to-day first in the reduction of sinkings; secondly, in the rate at which submarines are being sures which, after many months prepara destroyed, and thirdly, in

in the now men- tion, are now being taken. It is ap parent that, though the submarine has not been completely mastered, the Ad miralty has its grip on the probleme unique in human experience. A

Aures which have been taken represent a

from

frustrated, but the time is at hand Admiral ren Capelle may pretend that the raids on Ostend and Zeebrugge were when he will find it difficult to sustain the hopes of the German poople in the ultimate success of the sulmuarine, for his reference to the campaign

continuing

18

for years to come 8 nonsense, as he condition, as the Kaiser adurita in his pitiful messages, to go on with this despicable business for al

an indefinite Austria is practically starving Turkey is in a bad way; Bulgaria has apparently decided that the war is no onger her business: Germany, in desperate straits for food, is obtaining

She must have a quick decision or go under. The submarine having failed on the admission of all the Kaiser's Minis

Oise to the Ailette, a length of about was taken on the road of coordination, forty miles. The principal force and General Fayolle being put in command across the centre of this field, but whether south of the Somme. direction of the offensive lar westward of all the forces, French and British it should develop due west towards Amiens or south-west toward Montdidier I need not repent the perilous steps nay have been left to circumstances by which the thin line was drawn back That it was at first pressed south-west, under constant threat, and gradually minefield to the north and the other me very well knows Germany is not in a due to the speed of Von Hutier a success talion by battalion, going piecemeal into great naval offensive, involving the em

ployment of an enormous quantity of ver General Gough's army, and then to battle against almost impossible odds material on which thousands of men have the wonderful rapidity with which the The worst bad been passed on the night been working for a long time. To all French stepped into the expanding of the 20th. On the 28th the first British-intents and purposes the North Sea 929 branch

French counter-attack was made. Artil been closed by every practicable means; it On the evening of the 21st Generallery and reinforcements were accumulat may be assumed that enenty surface craft Pétain learned that Gough's divisions, ing. The 1st Army was able to detrain can no longer dash out in the dark practically nothing out of the Ukraine. overwhelmed in numbers and material, and form as a whole, instead of in Irag had fallen back to Epeby and behind the ments. The enemy was nearly stopped. Crozat Canal. After telephonic core-

The first phase of the offensive was over munication with British Headquarters he and its aims had not been attained. gave orders at eleven p.m. for three French divisions under General Felle to be sent to the region between the Oise at Noyon and the Crozat Canal. The 9th and 10th Infantry Divisions and the 1st Divisions of Cavalerie à Fied entrained at noon on the Mud and reached the ground during that night. They had no artillery with theit, no horses for their machine-gun sections, and only such sup. plies and ammunition as they could Carry. They did not know where the enemy was or where the English were, and the roads were encumbered with rosases of retreating troops and civilian refugees.

FRENCH AID MEASURÈS,

JORD MINES AND M; CLEMENCEAU There are many lessons to draw from these events and many responsibilities to examine. But one conclusion leaps to the

ters, attention was diverted in March to

60

years to

Heligoland Bight; that. the destroyers and submarines based on Bruges have ceased to enjoy the freedom of movement which they once possessed, issuing out by way of Zeebrugge and Ustend; and that, owing to the barrage the Western front. That represented the at Dover, which Sir Eric Geddes revealed galabler's throw. The original scheme failed, the talk is switched back to in his last speech, and the new minefield the submarine, but in a minor key be to the north, of which official notice has been given, the submarines passing to and cause Germ opinion is dubious after. eyes as of supreme importance. The from the Atlantic routes will be conformer disappointment. So there is talk

for main aim of the German Grand Staff passed by perils with which in character of piracy continuing was to destroy the British Army as a and extent they have hitherto been un galvanise the hopes of the Germans in the

come!!

Admiral Capelle cannet preliminary to the destruction of the familiar. :

The governing idea of its French.

campaign. The new mineheld, method was to strike as swiftly and

ASSISTANCE OF THE AMERICANS. powerfully as possible at the Allied At the same time, the intensity of the points of junction; in other words, to attack upon the submarine by surface take full advantage of the weakness aris vessels and aircraft is increasing. When ing from the separation commands. All the war is over the nation will form some of them have been tried in turn, The conception of the extent of the debt which Germans have always held the lack of we ove to the American navy for the man. unity of command to be the most egre ner in which it has co-operated not only

in

submarine.

von

if the German people are allowed to know of its existence, will, in connection with the Ostend and Zeebrugge raids, produc paychological effects upon Germans, not excluding German seamen, which may be watched from this side of the North Sea with lively interest — Daily Telegraph.

The pressure increasing, more Frenchgious weakness of the Aliled armies, and connection with the convoy system, but troops were ordered north, and on the they have taken a terrible toll of our in fighting the submarine. Admiral Sir GERMAN ATTEMPT TO BLOW UP morning of the 23rd British and French what could be said in extenuation, and coast, has given expression to the

insubordination. I know perfectly well Lewis Bayly, in command on the Irish

NEW YORK HOTEL, Headquarters agreed that General Hum- bert, commanding the 3rd French Army, now we all know the cost of our excuses of all British officers in the message. the first to intervene, should take in hand On March 26th we were in the midst of he sent across the Atlanite, expressing How German agents in New York the troops remaining in the region south the extremest crisis in our modern history atitude to American officers and men attempted to blow up the Ansonia Hotel of Ham and re-form them with his own day Lord Milner and M. Clemenceau shown. If the naval position is the civic authorities is told for the mo There were still besitations; but on that good nature which they have all consistent. Atlantic feet were being entertained by for the skill and energy and unfailing while 700 American officers of the

That evening the British troops fell pet, and on behalf of the British and proving today, as it is, it is due to the time by W. J. Flynn, former head of the back to the north-west (it had been pos- General Foch should stay on the front are working on the closest accord, pup arrived in San Francisco from Washing French Governments arranged that fact that the British and American Fleets United States. Secret Service, who sible to bring up to them only two divi sions of reserves, and these to the north to co-ordinate the efforts of the two ported by an immense body of skilled ton in April.

name

of the Nesles-Rove high road), and the armies, a rule that received, a few days workers on both sides of the Atlantic, who. During a banquet given by the civic French extended as rapidly as possible in later, a plainer and more comprehensive are turning out destroyers and other craft authorities last May, said Flynn, “s their wake, General Pétain- arranged

It is not in the nature of the for dealing with submarines, as well a bomb was discovered by my agenta that while Humbert held the line of the alliance, that its members should be mines and bombs. During the coming directly beneath the dining hall which, Oise so as to prevent any breach towards future struggles we start with this new on an enormous scale.

steam-rollered in German fashion, but in months the output of material should be

if exploded, would have resulted in the Paris, a new army, the 1st, under advantage, that we have one front instead progress is being made

Simultaneously

death of hundreds of our officers, besides with General Debeney, should gather in the

aircraft region of Montdidier to block the south of five, one chief command and in essen which will give a good account of them the destruction of the hotel. At a great west. At the same time a further step als not four armies, but one band of selves during the coming summer months, risk the bomb was taken out and de brothers, rivals only in bravery and when weather conditions will favour in strored, but we were never successful in

creased activity, (Continued at foot of nezt Column.)

Some of the stories finding out who was responsible for ita sacrifices-Daily Telegraph.

which are told of the achievements of placing."

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