1918-05-29 — Page 2

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MINERVA

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ESTABLISHED 1883,

A LEAGUE OF NATIONS. DISCUSSION IN THE LORDS.

NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM.

AMERICAN TROOPS IN

FRANCE.

NEW ARMY IN THE MAKING:

enforcable by an adequate sanction: magnificent character, and the muscum installed in the most French part how in France, or the number of troops

netoundin

the thousand Thoro are Y.M.C.A. čan- teens, Red Cross canteens, clubs for officers and for men, theatres and cinemas AN AMBITIOUS SCHEME

for the army, and a prodtigous amount of food-all come froin America, The The Government has decided to erect a In the House of Lords on March 19th,

hams elone I saw strong up in one cein- In the

FROM LAURENCE JERROLD.

toon would astonish the Boches. Amari Lord Parmoor moved to resolve That great National War Museum.

can ennued goods, meat, fruit, condensed this House approves the principle of a words of Sir Alfred Mond (First Com

I have recently visited the miniature milk, meal, etc., have arrived in France I cannot say League of Nations and the constitution missirner of Works), the scheme je of America nou installed in France, and in stupendous quantities.

either the number of American troops of a tribunal whose orders shall be

will be one of the most remarkable build Central France. There is nothing more who are expected to arrive this year, but The question, he said, had been disings in Europe. In conversation with French than these uncient towns with

the former figure is well up to tion, and the latter figure is cussext several times in almost every one of The Daily Telegraph's represen-historic castles, midats, dungeons and I made one objection to American country, both by statesmen and those tatires, an oficial closely in touch with

there is in France; they

can bs housed specially interested in the science or praes the project stated at the National Wartorture chambers, these old villages, termasters These men have arrived Museum, which is going to be permanent where farms are sometimes still battle tice of international law. The result of not temporary, in character, will uiented like small castles, and this coun- room for them. How are they to be fed?" Before was being the Tho answer was, that disenssion had shown that there was rank alongside the British Museum and tryside where living is easy and pleasant, men we bring the wherewithal to feed a vast margin of instructed opinion in the Victoria and Albert Museum Such when starlet there." This; indeed, is done thoroughly man who grows a marvellous pink wine and methodicalls. No body of American | favour of the principle of a League of a statement is in itself evidence of the "You see, we do not want { troops land in France until what is re: „ great importance of the scheint now in go elsewhere, we do not want the excite Nations. As far as he could gauge contemplation, and assurcil of being ment of other countries; we are rooted guired for their sustanance several worke opinion it came to this that we had carried out. The hope entertained, and to our own country, where we live quist ahead is already stored in France.

the smallest necessaries are bought on the suffered, sind were suffering, from what the purpose in view, is that the projects, but, as we think, wall. He certainly might be called international anarchy, will develop into the creation of was doing himself well at the table pot and troops passing through Eng and the time had come when we wanted National Naval and Military Museur, d'hote. But he had left his carner, and land on their way to France are strictly to put a more settled order in the place at which soldiers and sailors and pros he had indeed been through the retreat forbidden, beth oficers and men, to buy or the existing international anarchy.pective soldiers and sailors may learn from Charleroi, and brought back thence any article of food whatsoever in Eng- land. As for the quality, the American The first measure" of reconstruction the story of their country's wonderful the French Military Cross. Ou to

could see. necessary after the war would be interachievements in the great war. It is not heart of France has descended a whole has nothing to complain of, so far us. I All pastry, cakes, sweets are national reconstruction, bringing with intended to is a museum of enemy tro people from across the it a guarantee of stability and

France but the American troops rightly as regarded pence co Periphies, These will be exhibited, but they that hails from New England Cathenceforth prohibited throughout civilian

fornia, from Virginia and Illinois

I BANN havo all these things in plenty. American army hus turon over this heart vellous cakes and tarts, which would

it to KO some Townsfolk and

zeney

are not to be the main feature

of

und

to

this

Only

There was no other way by which that chiret is to demonstrate how we u on France, and is teacmagers enjoy Cate a run on any Paris or London feasi

the American

historie letter, referred to the prostitu saved civilisation from the rule of the part of France. Then I remembered that one of the best otary authorities as

ས་

could be obtained except under the prin ciple of a Langue of Nations He did litary people, when faced with the not believe this was the last war. If he defense of our very existence as ship being taught. The arrival of the shop, and the lady who manages one Ame believed that it would not be of great developed our resources, produced, sh, American army is a revelation to them. ricu: Red Cross canteen (by the way, she importance whether this principle was guns and ammunition never dreamt of, I was surprised at first to find how fresh is an Englishwoman, and is looked up to they have met) adopted or not. Lord Lansdowne, in his and by our national and patriotic forta nevelts an Allied army was in this by

these little towns and villages have in explained to me wonderful recipes ther tion of science: There was no limit to Hun. the destructive and mutilative power of The work of the humblest munition the last few months for the first time have for making jam with honey and The bread, of course, preserved fruit modern science. The strong argument worker up to that of the most skilled seen Allies of France. The ports where they make themselves, and, as is right, it against a League of Nations was that artisan, illustrating the gradual develop the American troops land have seen you could not have a League of Nations ment of the nation's efforts in the war, many other Allies; they saw indeed in is pure white-lour bread, such a vo without some interference with the will be shown, and will prove to future August, 1914, some of the first British civilian knows nowadays. sovereign rights of individual Powers generations an object lesson as to the troops land, where reception remains in Yet that was surely the strongest argu: great part their predecessors played when the recollection of the inhabitants as a quent in favour of some form of national everything was at stake. For instance, scene of such fervour and loving enthu restrain by international league. If the

the guns of the famous Queen Elizabeth siasm as had never been known before, object of a League of Nations was to put will be there. There will be a series and probably will not be known again. Tu a restraint on violence and force of illustrating every type of gun we have fact, to put it brutally, French ports are blase. But this Central France for the first nations, it was all-important that those used during the war, and likewise time welcomes Allied troops. It is true nations should be included from whom model of every ship which lits protected they had seen some Russians, but the they might possibly anticipate violence Britain's shares--from the greatest least said of them now, the batter. Some and forge. There must be some system Dreadnought down to the most modest of the Bussians are stil there, hewing of relative disarmament. All schemes,

wood for three franes a day per head, however carefully drawn, would be but pluckiest drifter which has helped to utterly ineffective unless they had an clear the highways and byways of the seas and behaving quote peaceably. "adequate sanction. Many difficulties of mines. In a word it will be an ex would have hindered the present war if hibition of how we did it out of no- thing by developing our resourous-morn} there had been a League of Nations.

P

BEST SAFEGUARD FOR HUMANITY."*

and

materialUESTION OF SI12

Df

In a few months it

One motors through ecores of villages and more, and every little old French spot swarms with American Tommies cottages and farmhouses. billeted in Many of them niarched straight to their billets from their landing port und the experience is as wonderful for them, just spirited over from the wilds of America, as it is for the villagers, who welcome these almost fabulous Allies. But it is the engineering, building, and machinery works the Acttonishing as which are the must astonishing. workers labour drafts, I think they enli THE GREATEST MIRACLE.”

them-have come over iy thousands Many of these young chaps are college These old towns and villages look upon the American army in their midst as the men, Harvard or Princeton graduates: greatest miracle they have ever known. They dig and toil as efficiently as any Earl Löreburn.seconded the motion. After this war was over, he said, he The question of a site is exercising and a greater one than they ever could labourer, and perhaps with more zed believed the best safeguard for humanity much attention. A committee, presided have dreamed of. One motors through One American major told me with glee in the future lay in two innovations over by the Earl of Crawford (a former scores of little towns and villages where how a party of these young workers ar one the placing of foreign affairs under Firs Commissioner of Works), has had the American soldier in his khaki, his rived straight from America at 3.30 p., morning And they liked it; it tickled direct Parliamentary control, and the the matter in hand for some time, and soft hat (which I am told is soon to be and started digging at fivo .. next ether the setting up of some machinery has now placed its recommendations abolished), and his white gaiters, swarms. by which th different nations of the before the War Cabinet, with which the The villagers put up bunting, calico them to death Many of these draits, in world shouh be, to use the language of final decision as to sit rests. The signs, flags, and have stocks of American fact, were sick and tired of inaction in President Wilson, in general concert with buildings promise to be of huge dimen- canned goods to show in their shop ports before their departure from. Anne- one another. Lord Parnicor lind referred sions. It is stated that two sites have windows. The children when bold play riea, and they welcomed work in Erance to the letters Lord Lansdowne wrote to delinitely recommended one children that are more sby just

with the American soldiers, and then if it were some great game: THE AVIATION SCituui thus papers and to the effect he hoped they live Park-of-a-piece-of ground lying chip wat touch its Attoritun coldier's would have, He (Lord Loreburn) entirely above the Serpentine on the Bayswater leg. Very old peasant ladies put on their Perhaps the biggest work of all the agreed. He was persuaded these doen sido, and the other on the south side 1 Sunday black and go out walking and in Americans are doing is a certain aviatica p ments would be famous in history, and he trusted they would contribute towards th Thames, adjoining the new County some mysterious way talking with Ameri- camp and school,

This war hait Council Hall. So far as the former is

can soldiers. The village Mayor tarns has neared completion, and when it is the ending of the war. lasted far too long already, and he concerned the site could be obtained free, out and makes a speech utterly incom- finished it will; I believe, be the biggest * to Lord Lansdowne not to leave while in connection with the latter there prehensible to the American soldier when of its kind in the world. There pilots. appealed be a viting it might appear at first sighting, and it would take two years to clear arrives. The 1919 class, just called up, which I may not say, but which are cou

use merely for training, which also I must- which might lean towards the ending of out the existing buildings and prepare plays bugles and aboutsGood morn forting. The number of acroplanes they

when an American car comes by There are, in it for the necessary work. the agony of Europe

is in itself remarkable, Vice-vered, this Central France is per-not state, The Marquis of Landsdowne aid that however, many who strongly objret to

Those where he spoke of a League of Nations, the Hyde Park proposal, the opinion haps even more of a miracle to the Training pilots is the one essential

troops than the American thing," I was told by the CO. he did not mean one coalition of powers being that if the project is of such great American against another coalition. (Cheers.) That would only mean a perpetuation of national importance it is well worth troops are to it. To watch the American flying menor boys--who have, of course, paying for without sacrificing any por tropper from Arkansas or Chicage being ready been broken in Ainerien, do an shown over a castle which is not only additional course in France, and when a condition of things which they desired ion of London's open spares. On the side her the United States, but was they leave the aviation camp I saw they to see ended. (Hear hear.). Nor did he other hand, there are those who consider its prime under Louis XII., and dates are absolutely ready for air fighting at This is the finishing school. mean merely an increased resort in arbitration. Arbitration stopped short that the site south of the new County back to a Roman fortress now heneath the front.

The aviators go through eight distinct of what some of thers desired to obtain. Council Hall is most inconvenient and it is a wonderful sight. A League of Nations had two essentia out of the way, while the Hyde Park American soldier shows himself a charm courses in this school. They are perfected On even a cloudy features. It must be open to all, and position is admirable from the point of ing child. There is nothing of the in Aying, in observation, in bombing, in must, if possible, comprise all the imview of the thousands of people who "Innocents Abroad about him. I heard machine-gun ring. portant Powers. (Cheers.) Secondly, it daily visit the park, especially children, scarcely anything (except about tele- and windy day the air overhead buzzes of any American with these young American flyers, all get must be armed with executive powers and who would be readily attracted to phones, and railwaysh this ancient, part ting into the pink of condition to do their powers sufficient to secure unquestioning such a musein. For the present, howance On the contrary, the soldier stunts at the front. They seemed to me obedience to its decisions. Three forms ever, nothing has been decided. The of

in the camp, Cabinet, and will be settled one way or learn with open cars, matter has to tone before the War is learning with open eyes, and trying to well disciplined. They live mom and s another in the course of a very short time of the past among which he has been and it requires moving heaven and earth put. The officer, too, even the for one of them to get leave to go oven It is interesting to learn that since suddenly hcer, is beautifully astonished to the nearest little quiet eld town.

at all this past, which he had read about, The impression is the same of the Ame he didn't rican bases in France as of the American but which, quite possible Americau front in France I found there and here really believe to exist. officers who speak French and there are one distinctive characteristic, the total some of them, coming chiefly from the rhsence of bluff. I was never once told Southern States are, of course, heroes that we were going to be shown how to in every town, and sought after in cafés win the war, was never once told that at recreation hours by every French America is going to win the war. I never officer and man. Those who do not know heard that American men and machines. French are learning it, and I remember are better than ours, but I did hear a pictures French governess in black, because

sight, that of a very eider almost apologies from American soldiers.

they

hed not come into the war teaching French to American subalterns sooner. They are, I believe, spending now more money than we are indeed, the A great French

said something about the in his sermon in a Paris charch, said of ours. that this coming to France of millions cost.

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recalcitrant Power were moral pressure. Power were be a economic preture, and pressure which could be exercised by material coercion. If a League of Nations were able to apply pressure in these different shapes, he thought they might say with confidence that on the most favourable assumption it would be in a position to guarantee the pence of the civilised world, and the least favourable assumption it would bo in a position to secure delay, oppe tunities for discussion, opportunities war

ciliation, which in a great many cases he effectual to avoid the threatened

De

מר

Sir Alfred Mond, in his position as First Commissioner of Works, accepted the proposal to establish a museum in London commemorative of the war, the Germans have followed our example, and are now setting up a national war museum, re cording the life of Germany during the

this kind would do more to get rid of prim Prussian militarism than any other con- ceivable means

Here

the

these wonders

in a YMCA Secber this other day, pay of their officers is about double that.

I

done

danger.

Ho was sanguine enough to believe that omens were at this moment entirely

But quite apart from this there must be favourable to the creation of such a League of Nations. There was a large settlement of outstanding difficulties

Yes, but

out you see we must make measure of agreement on principle in all before this war came to an end. He was countries with regard to the desirability not for a moment suggesting that he would of American troops may mean eventually up for lost time, was all the American

Something

the assent of any Powere of the greatest Con- said. And he told me about of such a naid as to the possibility of obtaining ban the league as a substitute for us isfactory Limental Europe, the world has ever splendid training work that is being adhesion of the Central Powers, was territorial settlement. Such settlement known. His words never seemed to me now in the States by British and French most anxious not to put the ease too was a necessary preliminary to the setting so full of meaning as they did when officer who have gone out there know high, but he believed he was

was right in saying that both in Germany and Austria up of a league, and the settlement would was among the Americans in the heart of ing what was is, and who icach American: not be complete unless they had not only France. Thore, of course, the contrast officers and men from first-hand experi one public man after another had been a settlement of territorial claims, but is infinitely greater than it can be in ence. This particular general hoped that rican troops arriving in France may be Government to participate in such an which peace would be maintained in the ash, hustling, keen Americans, build- sent on much more quickly to the front ready to announce the readiness of his also with regard to the machinery by the France which our own troops are by this means in a very short time Ame-

Occupying and defending. These young, international movement. He kry future. There were immenso difficulties course, that these announcements had in the way of the realigation of this ing up numerous works of all kinds to than, is now the case. been accompanied by reservations. It drearn, but they must not be deterred by prepare for defending France, have An impression of complete, businesslike had been said that there would be no difficulties. The question of disarma nigger labour; and Chinese and niggers ing

brought with them Chinco labour and determination is what one gets when visit the American infrance. A dis use in admitting Germany to the league was one of enormous difficulty, and because Germany had so often violated her obligations a perfectly legitimate would be a mistake to link it too closely and German and Austrian prisoners, allcipline even stricter than that which p

work in these American camps under plics to British and French troops 19. with the league. He could not see how it charge, as was seen in Belgin and more was possible to ration men, guns, ships, American officera orders. Imagine what enforced. In towne, officers, for instance, recently in the violation of the podges submarines,mines, and so on, and that an experience, what a miracle, indeed, are not allowed out after nine p.m. given to Russia. But nobody proposed

and this spectacle seems to the country-folk Some towns where subalterns discovered would tend to become more and of this old

old French soil, who have always the wine of the country have instantly put faith in a German pledge. The mem

officer bers of the league would to some tent ceeded, But the acceptance of the policy lived very quietly, who never wanted to been put out of bounds, No part with sovereign rights and binden of the league would have a very important go anywhere else, and who knew, indeed on any pretext whatsoever, is allowed to. that France had Allies üghting and go to Paris, except on official business.. selves faintly and severally to conform to reaction on the question of armaments.

From the camps they are not even allowed. what was laid down by the league itself. The democracies of the world were sick working for her, but had never seen any In a League of Nations set up, with the of the burden-(hear, bear) and if there of them until these Americans came across to go to the neighbouring towns. They have, to put it quite frankly, a reputa a thousand miles of ocean. passing a sentence of inter were found means to casure international power

of wild Americanism to live down, tion ha thought there was national outlawrY

__________GIGANTIC ACTIVITIES.

sometimes and they

surprise a material guarantee for the maintenance Peace, disaimanent

Something of a miracle, also, is what French by their seriousness. automatically would follow almost like anything heard of pre of peace,

certainly desired the inclu viously unlike

how increasingly difficult it had become our new Allies are accomplishing They come from so far, and from such sion of the Central Powers in the league for a nation to remain neutral. The are doing everything on a huge cals In various parts, these Americans, and for Germany in the past had always been the great Anarchist of Eurong She had neutrality of the nations not in the war aviation camps, training camps, aviation France, as well as for themselves, it is a was maintained only by fear. If it could schools, vast tracts where barracks were wonderful experience. I was told that always played for her own hand, always be made clear in the future that there being put up, railways built, telegraphs the postal censors who read the letters of taken short cuts, always fouted the ides would be no neutrals, the danger of war and telephones installed by Chinese the American Expeditionary Force are of peaceful discussion To include Ger would be minimised because risks Inbour, negro labour, German prisoners required to know forty-seven languages. labour, under the direction of Americas Of these languages the two least used are many in the harness of an organisation of would be increased.

skilled workmen, who are in France by Chinese and German-Daily Telegraph The debate was adjourned. (Continued at foot of next Column.)

to

more difficult as scientific invention pro

said

tho

Lord Powd

the

They