1918-04-03 — Page 7

MORE FREYTAG. HANDS OFF THE ARMY. General von Freytag-Loringhoven, De puty-Chief of the German General Staff, has already published a nequel to his much discussed "Deductions from the

« deductions," World War.' though they seem to be still a prohibited export, are now advertised in Germany as being in the 15th edition.

Freytag's new book is called Trained

ar

The

ul.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 3RD. 1918

RUSSIA'S LOSSES IN THE WAR THE SECRET OF BOLSHEVIK SUCCESS.

A paper on Troubled Times in Russian History," by Sir Paul Vinogradoff, wa read before the annual meeting of the Historical Association in London by Pro festor Bernard Fares, the author himself being unable to attend owing to illness.

Sir Paul Vinogradoff gave an account

with ardent worshippers than they had befor a long time, and it would of be surprising if the bestial excesses of the mob were followed by a violat reval sion towards repentance and mysticign. Russia was not dead, and the great trials through which she was passing were a necessary stage in the political education of her people.

THE TWO WAYS,

THE IDEAL OF MOST BRITISH HEARTS.

A

GERMAN KAISER'S WASHPOT AUSTRIA'S SORRY PART IN EUROPE'S HISTORY:

THE FRENCH SOLDIER,

The impotent subjection of Austria to the prancing Prussian Junkers is one of All professions must develop charae history's ironic tragedies. The Haps burgs were, emperors when the Hohen teristic features in those who pursue zollerns were scrubby squires Vienna them. These are noted and described by was a great capital city, when Berlin was artists; thus they are brought home toca village. Now Austria is the Gor. nan Kaiser'e washpot, and Vienna must the imagination, and so a type of the dance when Herlin pipusat

The enslavement of Austria was the doctor, or the lawyer, or th soldier. become more or less fixed, Thereafter, greatest of all Bismarck's statecraft

That was the first step towards a Hohen zollern domination of Europe. Denmark turally wanted her share of the swag. lost Schleswig-Holstein, and Austria ad That was, of course, entirely opposed to and Prussin prepared for war. A Diet of the German States was held at Frank fort in June 1866, and it is interesting to recall that Bavaria, Saxony, and even Hanover (Hindenburgis native State) voted for Austrin Whereupon Prussia discovered that there was no longer any German Confederation, and the next day declared war on Austriu. day

The war was all over in two months.

National Army or Militia ? and bas the "f the anarchic period leading up to the ays C. W in the Manchester Guardian, achievements. Austria was Prussia's ally sub-title,War Teaching from the Past crtablishment of the Romanoff Dynasty, there is always a tendency for profesin the war against. Denmark in 1884 und son Present. The object of the book and drew a parallel between the movesional men to conform to type, and even is to forestall all attempts to underminement of that time and the recent revolu in these days when whole nations make Prussian militarism by the advocacy of tenary upheaval. Concluding his paper up the armies it is possible to see many democrat to book is historical it that a religious revival was assorting the British conception of the highting democratic scheracs of military service he said that there were signs in Kussia new soldiers striving to live up to

confirm the general observation of us all deals in-succession with the period before itself. The churches were more crowded on. The British war-books in the maid Prussian principles. Austria protested, deals Revolution with the French

that for our countrymen the terrible thes the period of the Revolution

efforts of courage and endurance are best made in an atmosphere of rather grim and under Napoleon, with the Prussian the War of Liberation, with the

tumour, disguising horror and suffering Prusian Army in the 19th century, with

To those they love these soldiers show & determination to minimise both their con Auch opposition as was offered to mili- tariam in Germany during the 18th cen-

staney and their devotion, taking it all "national risings,"

in the day's work, as it were, and regard tury, with famous

ing any words about it as undesirable. with the American Civil War, and with

This is the traditional British way, the French Army down to 1871. In fact,

Professor Pares, subsequently replying taught by nearly every form of British The Austrians were decisively defeated at much of the book may well have come out of the pigeon-holes of the General Staff to questions, made an interesting state duration; it is a firm belief with many Sadowa on July 3rd, and pence was and other storehouses of militarist muni-ment about existing conditions, in Russia of us that the less we talk the more we signed at Prague before the end tions. But, like everything Freytag and his experiences at the front with the demonstrate the depths of our feeling In August Bismarck made the peace terms writes, his new book is interesting, and Russian Armies. The religious revival practice we are often led and ruled by very light. No territory was taken from it includes a chapter in the experiences to which bir Faul Vinogradoff had alluduent writers and rhetorical speakers, but the Austriang and no ruinous indemnity ca was, be said, undoubtedly going on. the ideal of most British hearts is the demanded. Her German allies had been taught that the Prussian Codlin was the of the present war and some

Religion had been greatly quickened strong, silent man." It is an ideal con

The powerful friend, not the Austrian Short. of his whole investigation.

among the people by the war. The vonient for our mental laziness.

That was enough. tiussians, even among the aristocracy, poet strives to express desire and emp

things can be From 1888 until to-day Austrian foreign why social democracy was

conveyed by silence D experience with his last book Freytag ourselves;

11 We are apt to formasters.ULLY'S MASTERL tempt to follow. bim announces that he is "avoiding all actual absolute religion in Russia The real political-military

while not re-

Revolutionaries, had not yet made their capacity for spooch, and that to be mere the convictions which he has voice heard, and they had nothing in inarticulate is too easy an achieve ment to be of value it is in itself neither Social long experience and histori-

to be silent nor to be strong, çal

For the purpose of his common with the Bolshevik

Femcerat The Bolsheviks were the most argument Freytag is concerned to show that all improvisations--uven Prussian-Bussian thing in Russia, and their improvisation during the present war power would be very short-lived. A great After ob number of them were pure-minded men, have proved unsatisfactory.

but to his knowledge others were in the The secret of their serving that Germany was able to mul- tiply her forces during the war only pay of Germany:

"resulta

THE NEW GERMAN FORMATIONS.

of

On this occasion-possibly owing to his were a much more democratic people than tion, but if unutterable should we at policy has been dictated by her German

future will produssions such as the people of Kussia, the peasant Social get that due silence implies at least the

ADMIRABLE COURAGE,

Austria from her geographical position hay intinde political and economic in- terests in the Balkans. With Serbia her relations have generally been strained. Sne has sometimes bullied and sometimes patronised Bulgaria. The egregious Fer- anand was, of course, an Austrian before it has been cominón he became a king. knowledge that Austrian statesmen have had ambitions to extend the empire to has been behind the scenes. She per- matted the acquisition of Bosnia and herzegovina. That was payment for Aux- trian support in the Morocco negotia tions,

However, the courage which tries to hold back from loved ones the realisation of suffering is so admirable that the countless manifestations of it during the sound, and the spirit of the people so people brought about by colossal losses in immeasurable respect and admiration firm, he gives the following interesting ine field, these being due to shortage of But there is another way, more difficult ammunition, want of organization, to treat perhaps, yet those who are able account of the new formations:---

The first new formations did not corruption, and treachery The official to turn to it may find it lead to a better stand the test. It was impossible to figures of Russian losses, which he had goal. Why should we always assume that

Austria's dithentics and Germany's void the employment in the Geld is seen, showed that after ten months' fight those we love must be shielded from all early as October, 1914-and that in paring the casualtics amounted to 3,800,000, but the pleasant side of loving! We long ticularly difficult circumstances of the 2nd these men were their best, an army to share our joys with our dearest; we opportunities have both arisen from the new reserve corps, the formation of of heroes. Of 20,000 men of the first are willing often to share our spiritual fact that the Austrian Empire is an amal The Austrians which had been ordered in the middle of division which was crushed by Germany sorrows and draw now courage from sym.gam of three rare the German, the The often in August Hardly ever have troops, ns a there were left 500, after four or Svepathy and love; but we are shamefaced atogvar, and the Siny.

regard to two experiences, poles used to persecute the Magyars whole, consisted of materin) so splendid days fighting. He was twice with corpe asunder as they are. In this country we Magyars have steadily persecuted the in spirit and will as these new regiments which had no cartridges. It was a Three-quarters of them were volunteers, horrible erime. It was no wonder there are loth to admit that any form of beauty Slavs. The fact that they were both Slov and, apart from a number of older men.

was a revolution. In one offensive, at gives us deep pleasure, and loth to allow Powers was the cause of the constant fric

that any form of hardship taxes

many played on this jealousy. Whenever periences we wrong those who love us. Austria was rampant, it was certain that will admit that for himself he Berlin had promised support. There are, maey, and Bismarck, did not hesitate to make a secret treaty with Russia against his country's faithful ally.

because the military foundation was so Success had been the war-weariness of the last three years touch the heart and wi batonaka, In all the intrigues, Germany

they wore drawn from the youth of a Lake Narotch, the Russians in an attack endurance. Surely in regard to be our tion between Austria and Russia. Ger-

classes, and included many university Was found graduates. Nevertheless, it

cannot that enthusiasm and self-sacrifice be a

a substitute for thorough training in soldiering

An additional factor was that the few men in these new corps who had had military training were men of the older classes of the Landwehr and Landsturm. In the later of the new formations the effort was always made to give the young troops more cohesion by Including a larger number of men with avar experience.

:

which lasted a month lost 50 per cent

both ex-

their total attacking force. Then, for Every wish is friends, to share these however, no scruples in German diplo

AN AKTIST'S LETTERS.

Her Blay peoples have hated the war since the beginning Crechs and Cron tius have deserted whenever they have. had the chance Austria is hungry, Only peace can save her from ruin. mana She is Prussin's ally in 1918 as in 1864. If Prussia escape; defeat, Austria rust remain her despised vassal Express.

THE SOCIETY OF ST.

HONGKONG.

GEORGE

WAR BOND DRAWING

(IN AID OF WAR CHARITIES).

TICKETS $5 each, HONGKONG CURRENCY.

With reference to the Original Prospectus issued in connection with the above, it has now been decided that--

1The value of tickets to be sold shall be limited to $500,000 (Hongkong

Currency).

-The sale of tickets will be extended two monthe, and will therefore close in Hongkong on Wodnesday, 12th June, 1918. Sellers of tickets are requested to send their returas and remittances to reach Hongkong by that date.

3-Should any winning ticket not be presented before noon on the 23rd December, 1918, the ticket will be cancelled, and the value will be distributed amongst War Charities by the Committes of the St. George's Society of Hongkong through the medium of the Hongkong War Charities Committee.

4-Notwithstanding the extension of the selling period, it has been arranged that the Bonds of the Hongkong Government War Loan of 1916 that are paid as prízes shall bear Interest from the 1st May, 1018, and the first half-yearly payment of Interest will be dus on 1st November, 1918.

6-Lists of Winning Numbers will be despatched to all selling centres as soon as possible after the Drawing, the date of which will be announced later by advertise-

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By Order of the Committee,

H. C. SANDFORD (Hon. Treasurer), CHAS. BESWICK (Hon. Secro ary),

St. George's War Bond" Drawing...

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[1634

a reason, all their artillery was would moved, but the troops were brought up emotions with him when they feel them, full strength again, and in one day yet nearly everyone will avoid admitting

The Austrian quarrel with Serbiam TICKETS obtainable at Banks, Clubs and Leading Stores. the Germans destroyed three-fourths of that his friends may desire as much from the whole force. The Germans, knowing him. The result is clear enough in these they had no artillery to face, actually times, we can all realise it out of our the summer of 1914 was stimulated by brought their field guns into the trenches own experience. Loye will not allow us tierman whispers and by Hungarian am to ignore the sufferings of our friends,bition. Hungary saw a chance of weaken- and moved down the helpless Russians at and since they will not let us know anying the Slav cause. Germany was ready a range of a mile and a half. Before the thing of their actual hardshipe, but half for the war with Rusia and France which revolution almost every unit had been

humorously pretend that no hardships her rulers thought inevitable. Austria The new corps which were put into renewed eight and ten times over since exist, our imagination, restlessly pursue was egged on to send the famous bullying the line on the Year in the autumn of the beginning of the war. The whole of them into all their dangers. We suffer despatch When she realised what was 1914 lacked, above all, suitable officers Russia was filled with crippled men, who no less, and our power of endurance is the inevitable result she tried to draw and non-commissioned officers. The retold how they had been sent to fight with diminished by our ignorance; in longing back, but it was too late. She was in the serve battalions could no longer provide out arm. That was the secret of the to spare us, these brave men expose as Teuton toils. There was no escape.

to anxieties which could be no greater ! them in adequate numbers.. The first Lolshevik success.

we know a little of the truth, and would battles and already greatly reduced the

be infinitely easier to bear if we felt that number of regular officers and young

they had confidence in the strength of officers of the reserve, and the few that

our love. remained had to keep their places in the often complained of the inadequate train field. Consequently, it was found necesing of their ofboers. That is one of the to have recourse to older officers main reasons why, in spite of their most.

A book, Letters d'un Soldat, recently retired regular officers and officers of the ruthless, and tough bravery, the repeated reserve who had for a long time been English attempts to break our lines published in France, lends point to such unaccustomed to any military exercises, collapsed. They always led only to a reflections. The letters are those of an and

Perhaps here we many of whom were no longer more or less restricted gain of ground-artist to his mother during the first eight

months of the war. at the

the height of their physical powers not to a decisive victory

touch one of those national differences The sure leadership in battle, which is

"An army qualified to meet all the which elude. facile generalisation

and particularly necessary for young troops, demands of the war can never be created yet constantly impress

upon could consequently by no means be during the war itself The English guaranteed. It was only gradually and million army is a proof of this. All the in the course of the war, when their corps care that was spent upon it, its wealth in of officers had been freshened up that the technical resources, the unlimited provi- new troops became the equals of the old sign of munitions, could not alter this

Freytag points out that the length of the war has necessarily solved many pro

In the course of the demonstrations boxes and crates of quality merchandise in ports the world over. blures as regards the quality of troops that were at first untrained. But he insists repeatedly that it was the work of a

an army whose foundations are insecure A British reader may find them self there were repeated cries of "Down with more than fifteen years we have exported to consumers and merchanta

it is almost Prussian militarism! Long live the century" that really provided the founda.

"conscious and can reach such depths in so short time certain that here many would consider Russian revolution, and Long live in nearly every corner of the globe. tion for all the eficiency of the new forces

that the soldier speaks too much of all universal peace."

too he is.

talkative

The Vienna correspondent of the The historical chapters are, of course his emotions, that he BRITISH AND ALLIED FORCES On the present occasion as his argu- made to teach the same lesson from all to be strong. Such a judgment will Veueste Nachrichten, of Munich, tele-

that this man, ment require-Freytag is very cautions past experience. The conclusions are not survive a sympathetic study, but graphed that the strikers demanded, Brst

Freytag denies that a must at once

lend to an immediate general and in his remarks about French, British, andliti ia cheaper than, or, in any way for from being in the least ashamed that the Brest-Litovsk negotiations should the greatly increased demand for our catalogue, we now keep a supply Russian experiente. As to France he

better than a standing army and he his feelings, strives to intensify them by democratic pedre, second, that the

measures of understandings, and with the mother disarmament are

A

corpy?

Enys

our minds. This unnamed) soldier was painter. The reader knows nothing his work, but cannot fail to find him at least wonderfully equipped for achieve ment, full of knowledge of the great work of the past, passionately sensitive to As to Russia Freytag is content to quote beauty, selfless in his devotion to his art some remarks of General Alexcicfi about His letters are nearly all addressed to his the extent of the Army's collapse after mother, whose relation to her son

fact."

was

TROUBLE IN AUSTRIA. STRIKES AND RIOTS.

According to news received via Switzer- land, grave troubles, due partly to politi cat and partly to economic causes, and also of a pacific character, broke out in Austria in January. Great strikes began, and in some casts more or less serious inting has occurred.

the Revolution, and to observe that only clearly, most intimate and understanding which took place at Vienna and Gratz

0.

THE GERMAN ARMY AND GERMAN AIMS,

"

posing

You will see the mark of Montgomery Ward and Company on

For

Owing to the rapid growth of our business in the Far East, and

Although the whole French nation hat declares that for rede ollowed by whom he loves he will share the deepest Government should immediately improve of our latest issue at the following offices French units unlike our units lacked & under the utmost dional armies of his heart. Yet his words come from food conditions, third, that democratic

been through the school of arms the the raising of paid

Bere

ing, wh very long and thorough train. Power, which is, of course, the cruz offend fight, how many days and ways 300,000. Great processions of strikes were'

it anticipated its enemies in the spring

BEAUTY IN LIFE He speaks of beauty in a way almost tried to penetrate into the centre of the

use the word; his last written and there was considerable rioting, win

and with no small vanity from no sense of superi- duced, including equal direct and general

reforrus, should be minediately intro. T. B. TOLMAN. 911 URBIZTONDO. MANILA. cohesion sufficient to save them from being every drawback as compared with the ority to his fellows rather is he pas. suffrage for municipal elections; fourth, AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY MANILA.

of

HONGKONG. seriously affected by the numerous new formations and constant reinforcementsystem of universal military service. sionately humble before the majesty

Freytag now handles with extreme discre. Beauty, passionately desirous to serve and that the Government abolish military As to England, Freytag relies upon the

.ม In Vienna the strikers numbered WELLS. FARGO & CO., EXPRESS (SHANGHAI. argument that the new British Arinics, tion the question of the object of military honour her striving after her in what control of various industries.

the matter. After paying some compli

formed in the suburbs, but when they

Write to-day to the nearest office for a copy of our handsomna was made possible by the con-ments to the Swiss militin system as such, tinuation of trench warfare. He quotes be writes: Sir Douglas Haig's dispatch of December The whole, Swiss force is adapted only horrifying to the British min last witty they came in conflict with the police, catalogue, illustrating thousands of articles of American manufacture at 3rd, 1916, as Proof that the results of the training were then stil insufficient, (sic) to the armed defence of Swiss lines are Whatever happens life will dows being smashed and many arrests and proceeds:

neutrality-pure defence of that moun have had beanty in it." He finds it in inde. All the shope were obliged to close money-saving prices. In it we explain fall details of our favourabla The wards of the English commander ininous country. A Great Powergaite tensely in the skies and soil of his beloved in the afternoon conferences of organised upart from the entirely different political France he and his friends solace the prizes took place, and there were are an indirect admission that the Gér man Supreme Command was right when conditions which for it determine every-wretchedness of the trenches under fire bpmultuous scenes. The Mayor of Vienne shipping arrangements and low carload rates to the Orient. thrill thing-cannot, except to its overend recalling to one another the 1th implored the Premier to do something to of 1916 and initiated the attack on injury renounce in war that better kind the Beethoven symphonics

pacify the strikers, but Dr. Seidler said Verdun. The report is also an admis of defence which consists in keeping the poetry shine for him as the stars, and

from memories of them he draws couragepromises.

1 was impossible for him to make any sion of the insuficiency of the British lead and in attack troops as late as the

summer of 1916, in Freytag insists that only an institution and endurance.

h soldiers spite of the long period of training that like the German Army can preserve the There are many English had been given them. Even then the warlike spirit and a healthy tradition. whom also this is true, and yet it is hard English divisions were trained merely for He even lays it down that the great object ly unfair to say of us, as a nation, that

simple tasks of the war of position, of military training must be to educate for all the unsurpassed treasures which 20y that is born of steadfastness. It is with the co-oteration of a great super war-like personalities," which needs time our artists have given to us and to tha in never, a whine or a hint of yielding and ority in heavy and very heavy artillery. He concludes thus world we are too often shamefaced and But he will admit the strain, the all but The Army was by no means fit the In view of Germany's central position, uncomfortable to hear beauty praised or intolerable burden, the thorns and the Award And, ad war of movement captured English

and when immense world political fater even spoken of To many of us if seeing others themselves admitted ite the higher leaders lucked the understated ests aro for us at stake, we dare not play an ornament to life, but to this French weariness of the roads of

soldier it is the actual breath of life mitting it simply and frankly, he gives ing which can be acquired only by long with the militia idea. It has been reveal This man is not afraid to share with his to his mother his whole heart without training from youth up and upon the ed all too plainly that, the security of our

darkness of his despair and fear, as well that gift was made must feel that be is boud to her by bonds that never time, basis of traditions such as existed in the future will be guaranteed only by a firmly mother the, depths of his need and the sting or withholding, and she to whom established and well trained national as the courage that overcomes and the nor pain, nor death can break or bring German Army English prisoners, have ariny, not by a loose-knit militia

to decay. (Continued at foot of nex Columni) Times.

(Uonasaund at fons of nest Column.)

the

that he was a good soldier; there

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