MR. ASQUITH ON THE FUTURE OF LIBERALISM.
PROBLEMS AFTER WAR.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS. SATURDAY, MARCH 28RD, ↑ 1918,
NEGLECT OF SCIENCE.
SIR H. JOHNSTON ON DEFECTS OF GOVERNMENT.
SCIENCE AND WAR NATIONAL WORK AT SOUTH KENSINGTON.
[FROM A CORRESPONDENT TO THE TIMES."] During the past year or so the now
THE NEWEST REPUBLIC. THE UKRAINE AND ITS PEOPLE.
War is supposed to remind us of the
Macaulay's schoolboy may well have been Boography we learnt at school, but even
at a loss this week when called on to
In connection with the recoganisation Sir Harry Johnston, in his presiden- of the London constituencies, Mr. tial address at the 18th annual meeting
dealt with "The needs of our education threatened Natural History Museum has identify the people and the territory of Asquith, as President of the London of the Fublic School Science Masters Liberal Federation, addressed a private
Government Departments. Here we can conference of the office bearers of the at the present day, with special reference been cousted by no fewer than 14
to Science Teaching." different associations recently, Sir Wil
Sir Harry Johnston said:-We drifted only select a few of those items in its loughby Dickenson, M.P., presided into this way, through sheer lack of expert work that have had a direct hearing on
Mr. Asquith said: Party, in the sense knowledge of foreign countries and
foreign languages. We had muddled and the war, of party spirit, and to a large extent in misconducted our war operations on sea the sense of party organisation, has been and land through lack of expert know- and is most properly suspended during ledge of science on the part of those com
the war, upon vhose successful prosecu-appily home, and sometimes-
command.
the new Ukraine Republic. The school books and school maps ignore it, and even the Encyclopaedia Britannica merely refers to it as a formerly existing district, and only gives us two lines, with The economic importance of insects is two dates as its history. If Byron were They are still read we might be reminded of
Mazeppa, bound to his Ukraine steed,' carriers of disease to human beings, but none of would get much further. now generally recognized.
not always-of those.
And yet our new State is an ancient tion all the national energies are and ought to be concentrated. I notice aing abroad. The one sure way to beat animals, and plants; they destroy crops,
ture of its own, as distinct from Russian growing tendency in some quarters to the Germans and keep them in their place food, stores, clothing; even solid struc-one, more ancient than the Russian treat this abeyance of the spirit of was to become better educated than they tures are stealthily attacked by them Empire. It has a language and a litera
education
and fall without warning into decay. party, and this quiescence of the party were and apply our new
developing the resources of our own land machinery, as an indication that old and of the four or five million square Agnast them our entomologists area that of Poland or Bobemia, and it hesion of the South-Western Russian Army distinctions are perroanently obliterated miles in the tropics dependent on the Lon mobilized, and their headquarters are at claims the allegiance of over twenty and that to speak of our ower case-don Government for direction on the Natural History Museum Here million people it has scoured the ad war, because of our contempt for a work the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, under General Volodhenko, and it for- Liberalism, with all its traditions and the education. We offered little or which studies insect pests from all parte mally claims possession of the whole of -inspiratione, is to be consigned to the ducement to our young men and of the Empire; the Army biscuit inquiry,
scrap-heap. I may observo in passing, no
a Chief of Staff and a Commander-in- that that is not the view which is taken woman to serve the country and the Em- which oven on a peace basis had saved the powerful Black Sea Fleet. It has a by our friends of the Labour party. It pire in the application of science to in the country £10,000 a year on the mere Minister of War General Pattura, with is of the essence of Liberalism, as we have dustry, commerce, and the enlargement labour of turning over infected biscuits; Chief at Kids; and it did not hesitate to
Therefore and the Royal Society Committee on been brought up to understand it, that it of the national intelligence, should be able and ready, untrammelled we had had to recruit our science teachers Grain Festa, dealing with the shipment repel with contempt the ultimatum
But never of grain, a subject of more vital interest presented to it by the usurpers" of from Germany. by catch-words, or by conventions, or by frequently the way of particular interests, to wel again, within the lifetime of the youngest to us now than the actual saving of 'etrograd
man present should we send to Germany money. We can mention but a tithe of⠀⠀ come and to help each fresh advance upon for instructors in any branch of learning the matters on which this department has The Ukraine Parliament calle itself the the road of progress. It is not the creed if quiescence or of doubt. It holds that Vitally necessary that we should reorgan- given useful advice: flisects attein, the Conrad Rodos a regular Ministry bed we reorgan envelope of airships, locust plagues, pro been formed, and the territory delimited there is an increasing purpose through our education and produce By.
ratus in the tropics and elsewhere, war sessing & fairly good map of Russia, with the ages, and that in the free self
governments" marked, will have development of eninmunities lics all the bred articles all the botonists,
foresters, 200logists, gists,
bles on outtle, deer, and Army horses, the of
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is the very nature of such a creed that its articlts, negative or positive, cannot be engraved once for all upon tables of
stone.
Intter-day developments of its detivity,
Uriental manuscripts, and musicians te numerous cases of damage to food stores no great difficulty in tracing the outline quired for our home needs and for the Un bis Majesty's ships and in private of the new Republic, which occupies the Empire. We needed equally to give a ownership, remedies for the cockroach in lower valley of the Dnieper and the glimmer, a general idea of these branchce many hospitals, for body vermin caDniester. It extends from the Austrian soldiers serving, or in hospital, and for and Roumanian frontiera, north to the of science to all the people of the realm,
the rice weevil in connection with heri. Pripet, and south and east to the shores beri, serious ravages of the cotton worm of the Black Sea and the Sen of Azoff, on a plantation in Montserrat, the plague with a considerable enclave to the east of mosquitoes in the trenches and in this of the sea. Its chief cities and centres of country. The sugar plantations of population are Kieff, Odessa, Charkoff, Mauritius were saved from destruction by and Ekaterinoslav. this department. All departments of the musauni are doing work of no less im- medinte-atility.
education; and to the problems connected with agricultural land. But, as no one knows better than the Liberals of London, there is an urban as well as a rural land question. I can remember the time, thirty years ago, when what was called lease hold enfranchisement was with many Liberals an accepted, and favoured re- form We have passed a long way be. yond that and whether it is called Socialism or by any other name, we have come to the point when the power of the
community to deterraine in the common
LIBERALISM PROGRESSIVE BPILIT.. The Liberals who secured, also at the cost of a revolution, the modest Reform Act of 1832, would have been more thau surprised, and the bulk of them not a little seared, at the measure which this week making a comparatively smooth passage through the House of Lords, Lord John Russell, the most eminent of them, showed in his old age signs of being ehocked at the Radicalism of Mr. Glad stone. I un not sure that Mr. Gladstone himself the most illustrious chief that our party has ever had would not have been a little scandalised at some of the
myself, if I may for a moment be a course, with an equitable re- little egotistic, who have been for nearly ward to the conditions which the com- ten years by the free voice of its members munity itself has created or allowed, the its lender, have had a hand during that tenure and taxation of town sites has lime in the disestablishment of a Church, become not only, as it always was, a right, the enactment of Home Rule, and the but a duty.. clipping of the wings of the House of Lords. All of these changes are now on the Statue Book, and whatever modifica tions or amendments the future may have in store; all of them, it is safe to say, are landmarks on a road which the people of this country will never retrace. That would have been regarded by some of our Liberal forefathers as a pretty revolt tionary record And yet I have no doubt that in the secret-perhaps not the secret-judgment of some of our mbre ardent spirits I am beginning to be looked upon as something of what our American friends call a back number,"
or, at any rate, as disposed to shiver on the brink of the current upon which they are eager to launch away.
mention these things as illustrations, which might easily be multiplied, of the essentially progressive spirit which, in all ite history has been the life-breath of our party. If that spirit is dead, or dying, hmong us, let us without delay cast away.
There are two other matters as to which Liberalism should speak with no uncer tain voice. The first relates to the con- itions under which we are going, after the war is over, to carry on our external trade. The war undoubtedly has illas trated the importance of establishing and maintaining within our own borders by legitimate methods by which I mean methods which do not in the long run defeat themselves certain essential and, as they are now called, basic industrica Nor will it be possible, in the twinkling of an eye, as soon as peace is concluded, to drop the control which the war has rendered necessary over the normal course of imports and
exports.
FAITH IN FIRE TRADE.
Department has been collecting informa,
HOW TO KEEP WELL.
Vigour of body and clearness of mind
This can only be obtained if the stomach, liver depend largely on the vitalising force of
and bowels working properly. If nourishment derived from food,
these organs-the machinery of digestion are out of order, then the food you take simply clogs the system, ferments in the stomach, giving rise to tatulence, acidity, and heartburn. Ur through the slow, ne- tion of the bowels in passing the waste pure blood material, impurities arise which taint what should be the rich, stream. The liver, overtaxed and
Reckoned by ** governments** (pro- vinces), it comprises Kief, Shernogoff, Poltava, Charkoff, Volhynia, Podolia, Cherson, and Ekaterinoslav, with por ZOOLOGY AND INSECT PESTS.
tions of Tauria, Grodnow, Siedietz and The scarcity of the world's food Lublin, Karak, Voronisk, and Cholm. supply is causing attention to be paid to There are also at least three million the suggestion that we should use whale Little Russians (as they have been meat or some years past the Zoologies called, since the name Ukraine was
you with and banned by Tussia) in Galicia, and a con-el-with-the extra susin-put-open- tion as the anoiber of whales the siderable number in Bessarabia. A cart. the Little
the yollow hue of biliousness. He ness; the eyes Inse their lustre and have geographical distribution of the various ful calculation estimantes
that for 50 years Mother Seigel's ginds. Any regulations, national or in Russians throughout the Empire at ternational, for the capture and is 27,500,000, or something like 18 per cent, has been bringing relief to sufferers from of whales must be based on the know of the whole population, and that they Jedge thus accumulated Reports have constitute not the least capable and already been furnished to the Colonial industrious portion of the people and Ulice on this subject as well as on the inhabit an important section of rich and hunting of elephant seats and the fertile land is evident from the fact that, Acclimatization of reindeer in Southshoreas the pouulation of all European Georgia The protection of birds is a other subject on which the Colonial Office frequently refers to the Museum. The food-value of the eggs of wild birds is also under active investigation.
researches.
"All work" truly says the Blue-book, connected with the conservation and arrangement of the collection of fishes may be regarded as of potential economic Officers of the Board of importance." Agriculture and Fisheries, with other students of fishery questions, find in the national collections material for their A commercial fishing com Lany which proposed to exploit a new region took the sensible step of arst making a collection of the fishes and crustaceans (lobsters, etc.) found there and submitting it to the Natural History Mascum for an accurate report, Govern ed with reports on the poisonous fishes of the West Indies, on the various kinds of fish preserved as "sardines," and on the lobsters of the Cape. Brands of tinhed inhster" have been examined for the London Chamber of Commerce, sometimes with curious results; one such brand consisted of the leg-muscles of a largo Japanese crab Crustaceans have damaged telegraph cables and transmitted disease; Larnacles are the worst foulers of ship bottoms. In all these cases the informa tion and advice asked for have been given,
Russia averages only nineteen to the square kilometre, that of the Urkaine pro. vinces, such as Kieff, Poltava, Kursk, and Charkoff, averages over fifty.
in
trial s
and have done with the dry bones. But one way, and one only, by which we ment departments have also been furnish- they have never had what could be called it. As I am now near
But there is nothing in any lesson taught by the war to impair our faith in Free Trade, as an indispensible con dition of the prosperity and progress of a country situated like our There is can sustain the burden of debt and it, as I believe it is, amid all the tem herary but absorbing distractions of the taxation which will weigh upon us for sar, as bright and vital as ever, do not years to come, and at the same time let us while welcoming every whole-recreate and enlarge the fabric of our hearted ally, abandon the primacy which national wealth, and that is by increasing has always been ours in the army of pro- the energy and the productiveness of our greas, or in a fit of timorousness or agriculture, our mines, our manufactures, lethargy hund over to others the torch our shipping, and all the multiform com- which we have received from those who mercial activities for which we possex natural or acquired aptitudes. It can be done by education, by science, by organi sation, by inventiveness, by flexibility, by strenuous toil. It cannot be done by the artificial protection of tariffs,
70
disordered digestion and put it to the test in your own case. It is because Mother Scigel's Syrup goes to the seat of digestive troubles that it is so effective Seigel's banishing thern. Mother
more than ten Syrup is composed of varieties of roots, barks and herba, which, in combination, exert a remarkably beno- toning, strengthening and stimulating ficial effect on the organs of digestion by thom to healthy activity. Mother A BORDER STATE,
Seigel's Syrup has the patronage of c The name Ukraine is simply the Polish vast public in all parts of the world, be- or border, and was cause it has won their confidence by the benefits it has wrought in thousanda upon word for mark given to the country at a time when it thousands of cases of former sufferers, constituted the southern frontier of Their experience may be yours also, it fair Mother Seigel's Syrup a give mo Poland, against the Turks and Tartars.
to learn In 1666 Poland was forced to cede the you? eastern portion of the Ukraine, and in think you will be 1793 the remainder, to Russia, in whose what Mother Scigel's Syrup has done for possession it has since remained. The me I don't think that anyone could pos people of the Ukraine are distinguished sibly have suffered more keenly from the
a long period of my life Right from trom perhaps every other by the fact that, pains of Indigestion than I have during
when although they can trace their nationality,
ago their language, and the beginnings of young woman I had been a victim to this Mother Seigel's Syrup I come their literature to the twelfth century, complaint until twelve years a properly organised separate national
of age, you will see that I made me existence with a settled Government. We
Jour Tomedy find them from time to time dominated was in its grip for nearly forty years. by Lithuanians, Poles, even by Cossacks Three bottles of
a new woman, when I had got into a very and by Turke, and their land ravaged by successive nomad hordes. Voltaire, who low state through not only being unable un des pays plus fertiles the consequences of pains that would surely follow if I did. To-day my health tells the story of Mazepps, speaks of the to tako food, but also through fear of Ukraine as du monde, et des plus désertative and appetite are both excellent.Mary zubjection to Russia bas at given
Strond, Glos July 12th, 1916. The group of problems which go by the
the people peace and prosperity, but it A. Crippe, Well Cottage, Longridge, near
name of reconstruction are not all of
has never extinguished their intense senti divided up and deprived of its very name them new to us. Already, before the war,
ment of nationality. The country was by Elizabeth Language and literature two of the most urgent and difficult of
The second, and a not less vital matter, The presence of our Armies in Egypt were suppressed by Alexander II, and his ther had been engaging our close atten-
successors to the present day; yet at the tivi. One of them-the nationalisation, is that of the future relations between has caused many inquiries to be sent to in the largest and fullest sense, of our Labour and Capital. A solid foundation the Zoological Department, and most of first possible moment of freedom re the people spontaneously meet system of education-was ripe for legis here has been laid in the report of the these relate to mollusca. The flat-worm, stored lation, and we are all glad that it has committee which I appointed eighteen generally called Bitharzia, which infests and declare themselves citizens of a been taken in hand now by so competent months ago, and which was so ably pre the waters of Egypt and produces the Ir-Federal State," ready and willing, to and liberal-minded a man as our friend sided over by Mr. Whitley. I am not ritating disense known as bitharziosie, discuss terms with a properly constituted passes part of its life in the bodies of Central State, but refusing to permit of Mr. Fisher: The other was the land one of those who think that the experi question in its many ramifications the ence of the war lends encouragement to various fresh-water spoils and bivalve any dictation from Petrograd or else diffusion of ownership, a more rational the ideal of a general and direct control shellfish. Several of these have been rewhere. They declare that the whole and productive system of cultivation, the by the State of the production and dis ported on. In Egypt also a snail bas Russian Republic must become a federa extension and development of co-opera tribution of commodities. But the elimi proved an agricultural pest, in Jamaica tion of free and equal peoples F.M.G; tion among producers, and, above all and nation of what is now called profiteer- slug devastates rubber plantations, in before all adequate and decent housinging" on the part of those who are able other distant lande mollusca transmit dis and a minimum wage for the labourer to exploit for their own benefit, and at onse or effect material damage. To the These things we had already in hand, the expense of the community, what is Natural History Museum all the sufferers information as to the geology was ur-
or can be made a monopoly, offends no come for help.
gently demanded; it was only in this when the great cataclysm engulfed the
principle of justice or social expediency. The Museum has advised on the itch Department that the geological maps of world.
What I venture to commend to you in this GES BROUGHT BY WAR,
domain is not to enter into a controversy mite, mites that damaged stored oats in the Italian survey were to be found. In about generalities, but to grapple with Flanders and stored corn in Colombia,the same Department the geologists of There are new factors, which must and particular cases (for the variety of commites that caused parasitic mange in the Belgian Army had previously studied, ought to be taken into account when we citions is almost infinite), always rement horses, and one suspected of transmitting Other instances that may perhaps be given forcenst the near future. One is the large bering and upholding the root principle anthrax in camels at Aden. Poultry, when peace returns will show a more port which women have taken and are of Laberalism that special privileges, sheep, ostriches, heran beings vegeta eurious connection between fossils and
the both directly and sultation and cho sent to which compon due proof given, by subordinated to attacks by mites, and frequent are the directly, and the extent con- special classes, special interests, must, sion, and furniture are all liable to
went before u
CHANGES
the comman good."
appeals to the Natural History Museum from all parts of the world. The same is true of the various parasitic worms.
warfare
The coonemic importance of minerals is
chrious to all; an exact knowledge of their occurrence is of supreme import ance Much of the information frequent ly required can only be obtained from tho vast and carefully labelled national col- lectione. Before the war these collections furnished Germany with profitable know. ledge. The officer in charge of them can say definitely that the rocks and cement used by the enemy for his fortifications in Flanders were of German origin.
The Botanical Department has helped
made public, but it is permissible to men. tion that it has reported on the wood used
becorre natural and necessary in the did not come here this evening to various phases of the after settlement. Another factor is the enormous, and, preach a new, or even a revised gospel,
GEOLOGY, KOBAILS, AND MINERALS. indeed, incalculable change in perspec My object was the much humbler one of
Nor are the fossil animal and plants five, both domestic and international, providing some food-for the Controller which the war itself has brought about, has not yet begun to commandeer ideas preserved in the Department of Geology indicate in the most of no practical value. To take one in and which, though it leaves our old for reflection, and Liberal faith in democratic government general way the lines upon which in the stance; when horings are made for water, not only unassailed but confirmed, vital immediate future Liberalism in ny or coal, or other mineral substances, it is ly affects the proportion of things, and opinion, ought to proceed. Its message is only the fossils contained in the cores that brings within the domain of the posat exhausted, its mission is not spent. sible, and even of the actual, what only We ought to derive fresh encouragement give any clue to the age of the rocks and four years ago would have seemed to prac and inspiration for the new duties which surface, and so to construct exact sections in many matters which cannot yet be tical men the stuff of which dreams are aro east upon us here at home by the It is in this way that the Department has belief that when this world-shaking ordeal aided the military authorities in Cyprus made
I am not going, on an informal has at last reached its appointed end we over the water supply, and helped min occasion such as this to attempt to shall see rising on the ruins wrought by promulgato or even to outline a pro the carnage and havoc of war a new in ng engineers seeking for the valuable gramme. I have referred already to ternational polity based upon our own potash salle in a hitherto unworked Liberal ideals of freedom and equality region. When our troops went to Italy,
(Continued at foot of next Column.) (Continued as foot
(Cheers)
enable geologists to identify them at the
in the propeller of 4 Zeppelin brought to samples of wood submitted for a like. down in this country, and has advised as
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