1918-03-06 — Page 7

EPIDEMIC CEREBRO-SPINAL

MENINGITIS.

HOW THE DISEASE IS

TRANSMITTED

In view of the local epidemic of cerebro spinal meningitis the following article from a recent issue of the British Medical Journal, showing that the risk of infection is very small, will be read with interest

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS

SCHOOL HISTORIES,

NEED OF EARLY REVISION.

OUR LONDON LETTER,

WAR AIMS OF BRITAIN AND THE

ALLIES.

THE PRIME MINISTER'S FIRM GREVADECLARATIONE

[FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT]

* Losnon, January 8th.~

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 6TH, 1918-

FRANCE'S BOLD REELY.

PREMIER'S STIRRING SPEECH.

France's reply to Germany's alternate threats and pescafelers is clear indeed In one and the same

le sitting of the Chamber it was anounced that Franco had subscribed over £200,000,000 16

Revision of school historits to the United States, Canada and Great Britain, for the purpose of bringing about a better mutual understanding among the Anglo- Saxon peoples, is the object of a move- cut now actively under way in Montreal of the Fortnightly. under the auspices Club. The aim of the authors of the plan was explained by Mr. J. Armitage Ewing, The Prime Minister's speech on Britual new money to the third war loan,

and it was decided to

to call up the recruite K.C., who, with Mr. J Penrose Angling tish war aims, restating in clear and had been appointed by the club to out-

of the 1919 contingent, and finally con my unequivocal terma what we are fighting line a course of action.

sont was given to the tremendous guèrifice of sending back to the front for work on defensive organisations during January

contingents, that is, men of over 47 and 6 who had been brought back to the fields for agricultural labour. Could Kühlmann, Czernit, and the Bolsheviks have asked for clearer answer from France The French Parliament's de cision had been resolute and precise, and the whole debato showed clear-cut deter

[

Biuce carly in the year 1915 we have all three Anglo-Saxon countries for, has given great satisfaction not only been living through a scattered epidemic said Mr. Ewing, it has been the subere but among our Allies and zentrals, of cerebro-spinal meningitis, and a great ton to incorporate in school histories

deal of bacteriological and epidemio pasages so worded as to give glory to In France it evoked the utmost end February men of the 1890 and 1801:

Lloyd George has won

MORE MEN FOR THE COLOURS,

Then M. Clemoucau struck the same note still more undinchingly

disease and its modes of transmission regard to the real facts. This custom has has been published since that date. tended to create and perpetuate ant the heart of every Frenchman from the ate and perpet Premier to the humblest poilu by declar Among the most recent of these publica-gonissia. tions is a collection of Further Reports It is our desire that school historics ing, "We man to stand by French de an Cerebro-Spinat Fever, issued by the set helore Anglo-Saxon youth everywhere mocracy to the death in the demand Local Government Board in continuation the truth about our international rela which they make for a reconsideration ei of its report of 1016. In a preliminary tions in the past, whether the truth be the great wrong of 1871, which, without memorandum by the Board's medical to the credit of the particular nation or officer, Bir Arthur Newsholme, it is to its discredit. We believe that the gard to the wishes of the population, mination. The Under-Secretary of State

two French provinces were torn from pointed out that the meningococcus is a countries are big enough to stand the side of France and incorporated in the for Military Strength first gave the note delicato organisin incapable of growth or truth Yes we would have the truth survival at a temperature auch below softened by a proper regard for the German Empire. In making this of this procedings; the that of the human body. Ita habitat is human element in history, which has momentous announcement Mr. Lloyd Germany has called up all her 1018 the human nasopharynx, where it may aways been neglected by historians It Gorge was responsible for a dramatic contingent, the bulk of her 1919 con410

of Muni is now preparing & decisivo blow upon grow readily. It is transmitted from was disregard of this human element that. Thomas, the ex-French Minister: Alberent, and is calling up that of 1020. She person to person in droplets expelled by caused the present war tione, a prominent French Labour and out front, but she will not get through. forcible expiration from the carrier and We had this plan under way even Socialist leader, was among the audience. We are on the eve of formidable opera inhaled by those in his proximity. It before the war, but when hostilities Le-When he referred to the lost Provinces ticas like those of Verdun. While such may also be conveyed from mouth to gan, the United States, where we hoped he turned towards M. Thomas, who was a menace bangs ver the country the mouth either by direct contact ur, posto gain support, was occupied with ner quite overcome by his emotion, especial

man-power at the front. sibly by some article infected by the problems connected with Germany, and ly as the meeting raised a ringing cheer. Government cannot think of reducing its mouth of the carrier. There is no evid we decided it was not an opportune time oOBJECT OF THE SPEECH.

Recently, o

however ence of more indirect or more distant for our purposes

Major Putnami, of the United States The speech, delivered before Trade modes of transmission.

Army, in an address before the Canadian Union delegates in London made a pru It must be fully recognized that the Club in London, touched on this very sul found impression upon the representa moningococcus is a common inhabitant of ject, and in talking with him after his lee- tives of Labour, including even extremists An hon. member, speaking of Fathers the nasopharynx, and that its presence Care Mr. Angin and I found that work was who are not averse to a parchment peace and mothers who have sons at the front, there rarely leads to the development of being actively carried on in the United it is impossible for these or any other expressed a feeling which I share to the meningitis. Generally it behaves as a States along the same lines we were plan-peace-mongers in the country to say now, full. We have her fighting for three karmless saprophyte in non-epidemicning to follow. Consequently we have in face of the Prime Minister's declare years, and what we want is victory for periods. This Mayer and his colleague onewed our activity here, and are work- tion, that our war aims are obscurs, that France. For that we must go on fight Found 158 meningococcus carriers among ing in co-operation with the Americans are fighting for Imperialistic

pa means for that ind. The Commander- 9,311 soldiers at Munish in 1910, We consider this very fortunato, as grandisement, or any of the other reasons ing. I ask the Hease to supply me with

ham epidemic-free period; none of those car it seems to us now that the time is op invented by friends of the enemy too in-Chief has asked us for a certain num

per the Government. Our aims riera developed meningitis. The signi portus for establishing closer relatione less honest or less pure and disinterested bor of workers at the front for indispen ficance of these figures will be appreciated among our countries, through the coming than when we drew the sword in defence, sable preparation. I do not think it better when it is realized that the man- generation.

The need f. better under of the public law of Europe phra will be necessary to callhack men of the ingococcus does not usually persist in the standing everybody will recognize. nasopharynx of a carrier for more than member that as a boy I was antagonistic portion of the population must harbour of my thuns was an American boy, and the organism at one time or another, even we were forever fighting over which was during a non-epidemic senson. At the the better country, England or the United present time the proportion of carriers States. Our prejudices had been fostered in England is probably much higher than by our school histories. it was in Munich in 1910. Between March 1915, and February, 1817, 1,881 persons believed not to have been in con human element I have mentioned that Lact with cases of cerebrospinal fever brought about the Civil War, and the were examined by bacteriologists working tension during that war between England for the Board, and 250 of them (lub per and the North; and that tension has been oERMAN MILITARIEM Carriers. In the three years 1912-14 there large majority of Americans today tant point was, after all, the Minister cent.) were found to be meningococcus, fostered by the historiank 1 believe that But the vitally interesting and impor deny me the few ra hundred men I ask were about 300 cases of the disease in re aware that England was guilty of direct reference to our principal enemy England and Wales per annum; the figure no breach of international law in the hat Britain does act, as the Gorman Alabama case, though she was condemned rose to 3,703 in 1915; it was 2,199 in 1910, csend a result of it. As a Chancellor and the German Press con, conld do without the help of the older civilians alone during the first six months matter of fact, the point of law neyer stantly assert, desire the destruction should be as delighted as you wa of 1917 Nearly four-fifths of the cases was submitted to the tribunal. The the German people; but that we do

aristocracy of

of Englead was in

the building permitting the bu of the Alabama, in

two or three weeks; so that a large pro to the Yankees, largely because, one now aptly used by his successore anyone knows of my other resources we

HISTOBIANS ERRORS...

It was the same disregard of the over the Baltic Proviy to handing cannot help that, but I have to face the

and there were over 1,000 cases among to pay

among civilians occurred at ages under

ariso in the months of March, April, and

Ger of 1880 and 1891 for two months. If dear to the heart of Mr. Asquith, and 1889 contingent, but we must call those many must relinquish her spoils in gium and make all reparation for the can tap, let him speak out. I look the wrongs perpetrated there; and there must facts in the face, and I make no theories, be restoration of full independence to the You ask me to wait until certain Allis small nations. The reference to Russia supply their similar share, but I have was, in effect, a warning to the people ef no time to wait. The Russian, people has that country that peace talk with the deserted its duty towards the Alliance. I Hun is but the

and setting a consequences of that desertion. GermaD seal to Russia's political and economic divisions, of which I do not state the doom as a free country

number, are being poured into our frent from the Russian front. Will you then

under every aspect I made up my mind fort The question has been studied to tell the House the extre truth. If we agricultural contingent, you may imagine the peasants, I know brought up their devotion, their courage, and their high-mindedness. In the villages of my own Vendée I have seen peasants who

and fully the intend, militarism, about the

and

among t

13, and about 10 per cent of all the cases with the aristocracy of fitting of effect the future worst had lost four boya at the war, have a

thenathy.

Parture front had her

peace.

GRAND HOTEL,

SEASON

1918

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unless port, the Be course it is impossible for us or any Not much has been ascertained as to wish Government was only doing what what sort of political constitution they They ask me with tears in their eyes. side influence to dictate to the Germans afth a prisoner, and a sixth at the frost. the conditions under which epidemies the Daited States as a neutral was doing shall live under; but it is of the utmost Will it all end we hops? When I or scans arise, there le come when the sold aeroplance to the standing importance, that they should know what said Yes, they mid: Then we will rescblance ... here between influenzo, There is the same misunderstanding it is that blocks the way to permanent give everything. It would be an insult corobro-spinal fever, and other catarıbal in all three countries--the fault of the

The Premier's speech, therefore, to such peasants to suppose that they respiratory affections. In fact, it may historians Just now we are intending was in effect, un appeal to the rinses of will grudge us the six or seven weeks of be generally stated, from the point of to concentrate, our efforts on correting Germany over the beads of the German labour which we ask of thera. Either view of the epidemiologist, that cerebro those faults in the United States and Government.

you will grant the supply of labour which spinal fever is one of a group of catarrhal Canada. I prefer not to say than the It remains to be seen what result the needful, or els work which General

until wa hare, gone further, than diseases, and that it commonly becomes all try to induce the educational speech will have in Germany Will the Headquarters requires at the front will provalent at or a little after the sessouthorities in both countries to appoint people now that they are pisibly told not be carried out That would be so of the year and under climatic or other conditions which favour excessivo pre an international board of experts, per of the issue apon which we are prepared heavy a responsiblity that no one among valence of influenza, bronchitis and aps from the universities, to direct the to conclude peace continue to bolster up you would dare asume it. There are boxes and crates of quality merchandise in ports the world over.

text book revision on both sides of the the pan-German party, who are out for 1,200,000 mobilised men in the country Bences, however, pratite not borde, in co-operation, and have learnt nothing, and forgotted doing their duty is well as those at the more than fifteen years we have exported to consumers and merchants

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greatest importance to the future of our

I are well content to the front as well as of the front. Ab

of infection from a caso of cerebro-spinal big future for the English-speaking note APPROVAL BB front wants men from the workshops,

When considering the infectivity of the countries. We do not know how close among the Gend are. disense we are on surer ground. The risk our alliance is going to be, but there is Test, We

peoples, and we expect that it will be gards

war-aues in all

cording to the nerds of the moment, if the

these must go back to the front, and they

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fever is small, even very small; in the promoted by the better acquaintance re parts of the world. The clear state will be the first to ask to do so I say the greatly increased demand for our catalogue, we now keep a supply vast majority of instances only one case vision of school histories should help to ment of what we are fighting

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occurs in an invaded household or mili

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tary butment, and sometimes only one case in an invaded locality. Thus among

together in this country as in the early There was frant fearlessness in the old of our latest issue at the following offices: 2,343 cases among civilians in 1915,

days of the war. It has resulted in a patriot's facing facts in this short, re- multiple cases cocurred in 150 only of the meningococcus and facilitating the infoc feeling of renewed confidence in one polule speech that wrung the whole T. B. TOLMAN. 911 URBIZTONDO, MANILA. invaded households. It is exceptional tion of susceptible persons. Again, some strength to bear all the heavy sacrifices House. The result of the vote was! 425 for the infection of a patient to be seen such susceptible persone may be a danger that will be possary to snable us to win.tor confidences to 73 Socialists against AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY (MANILA. able to any known case of cerebrospinal to others by raising the virulence of the and accure the freedora of future genera The 1819 contingat, according to the bill

HONGKONG. fever clearly be must have picked up nasopharyngeal meningococci to opidettie tions from militer aggression. the meningococcus from some carrier, pitch, and before themselves falling OUR GERMAN BROTHERS. but as the percentage of healthy carriere victims to the disease may transmit these At the Labour Conference on War in as high as las among members of the more dangerous organisms to other per Alps, referred to in last week's letter, general population in populous areas who sons Alternatively, epidemics of the have apparently had no opportunity of disease may be due to the temporary en some of the Pacifist speakers kept allud contact with a came of the disease, it hatment of the virulence of endemic ing (us

they

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are more important than the cases in the tions still unknown to us. The view that t

astriches wilfully burying their TENCE IN - NETTLE V. COTION, I causation of epidemio cérebro-spinal a more virulent strain may have been sand

sand heaps of sterile human meningitis. Further, it is pointed out introdnend into this country from Enough, surely has been published to Whatever one may say about the Ger noithe sporadic habit of the disease, in Canada early in 1915 is said to be possibly show what the enemy is capable of doing mans la industry they are certainly point of both time and place, persista correct, but unproven; some military is a fraternal

tries. As soon as they were deprived of în epidemic times. The case rate is not cases of cerebrospinal fever had occurred Recently SERTA BATConan Doyle

won imports of cotton owing to the British deducible from the carrier rate, and the in this country before this importation approval and perturbed the Pacifists by command of the sea, they set out to ob occurrence of an epidemie cannot be could have taken effect. Can anything relating in the Time in the language

age Lain something within their own borders satisfactorily explained as due to an be done to lessen the prevalence of of an officer who and suffered at the which would sore as a raw material for five increase in the latter. Evidence, is cerebrospinal fever in the future The hands of the Huns sa s prisoner of war, textiles Acooning to the Board brought forward, by live of the contri infecting agent as has been stated above, Macdonald are capable of. Among Bobrile of Trade, they found that sting Free Journal, the official organ of the butors to this volume of Reports to show has its habitat in the nasopharynx. It that any microbe mossessing the comitted in transmitted from one person to another other things this offer, and many more

ing nettle abre answered in some respects morphological and cultural characters of by such actions de coughing or sneezing like him, although wounded, were taken

with wool the meningococcus should be regarded without the careful use of the handker by train for two as potentially patiogenic; appeal to chief; or, more directly from month to then or foods without any atten

glutination reactions here is held to be mouth as in Eissing Sir Arthur of their destination they were assembled, material, superfluous, though differences in these Newsholme looks forward to the and then kicked in des raing fashion serological reactions may be regarded as to when a higher standard of through the stepets to the prison camps.

week information reaches me that for caps, coats to, and Army shirter and having importance in directing the treat conduct in regard to the spread of all eye-witnesses of yet

another in Lo ment of cerebrospinal fever by gerum such catarrhal infections will become outrage, typically Handish, are in 1 As regards preparation of the nstile therapy Maj Gordon, as a well known, the rule in social intercourse. Everyone don. They are men who were captured sens

ginning, it is stated that a does not accept this view as to the value will agree with him that the practice of off fishing smacks and taken to setinpla

red by a Dr. Richter, of of agglutination reactions and much coughing and sueezing broadcast, now. ger. The “Germung,

verity, for stripping and weight must be given to his opinion unhappily so common, should be put

of evidence

tens yields a fire which the place of fix,

arrival at the station

the the the public layout and sunset them healthy meningococcus carriers who are health As for the prohibition of the

form Bot

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hair and beard off one side of the cazes of the disease suggents certain pos- least susceptible of bachelors would think head and face, and exposing the us for condition to ridicule of Clearly the carriers are too many to be suggestion between Christmaatide and controlled or quarantined in the ordinary the New Year done in warme de Chinta comel.

Nothing so wantonly barbarous has been conditions of life The carrier condition may be of benefit to the individual a Roparts to the Local Gorerament Board British Admiral and exhibited, hun int

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