1918-01-17 — Page 6

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS THURSDAY, JANUARY 17TH, 1918.

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STEAMERS LOKSANG, Friday, 16th Jan., 7 a.m. YUENSANG" Friday, 18th Jan. 3. p.m. KINGBING" Sat 19th Jan., D'light. TAKBANG.Tueday, 22nd. Jan., MAUSANG" Tuesday, 22nd Jan,, noon. LOONGSANG" Friday, 25th Jan., 3pm JALOUTTA LINE -Three sailings per month from Hongkong to Calentin Calling st

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General Managers,

THE PREJUDICES AGAINST KALEDIN AND HIS COSSACKS.

ENGLAND!

ITALIAN WRITER ON REAL

CAUSES

TRIBUTE TO BRITAIN.

Care

In an article in the Unita of Rome, entitled Perfidious Albion Angelo Crespi exposes what, in his opinion, are the real causes of the prejudices, against England, so widely entertained on the Continent What, he asks, are the rea Bons for this widespread prejudice against England, even in countries which, like Italy, have always been her friend The fundamental accusation

THE END OF PETROGRADE

WEATHER REPORT.

January 16th, at 1105, No returns from Japan and Vladivostock. The antheyolona continues to weskan and pressure, lua decreased. ft as increased slightly over the Philippin alightly over the Uhins Cost and Formones Fresh monsoon will confinns slong the China coast, and over the N. China Sex

10 am, to-day, 0.00 Inch, Tosal, 1008_181 Bongkeng rainfall for 24 hours-ending January, 0.00 monte, against sa avenga a 044 inches,

to-day is as followe zo

The forecast for the 24 hours ending at moce

DISTRICT

FORNOAST. IN.E. winds, frish; dne.

BY AETHUR RANSOMS, DAILY NEWS

CORRESPONDENS IN RUSSIA: Of all the men I have met in Russia Kaledin gave me the strongest impression of continued force. A smallish man, with a personality that dominated in spite of his stature, with a face that seemed carved in unpolished pals Finnish granite, he brought with him a nov spirit into the army that he inherited from Brusiloft. I was for some time with him on the south-western front, and used to lunch daily at his staff beadquarters.": These meals were an excellent illustra brought against England is that of being tion of his character. Brusileff had been Hongkong to Gay Book perfidious, utilitarian, rapacious and in a brilliant talker, much addicted to mo- satiable. At once the question arisas, how nologue, loving the pomp and circum- can it be proved from history that Eng stance of command.

His staff had become land has been more perfidious utilitari- necustomed to listen. There arrived an, rapacious and insatiable than other Kaledin, ascetic to the point of austerity, powers and other cometrica, as for and preferring to hear others speak than example, the Papacy, the Italian princes to talk himself. He would take his of the Middle Ages, the Byranting meat at the centro of pire or Prussia ? It is, however, aufficient

that table to comprehend the basis of these accusa tions to understand its weakness, ** England, as the oldest mntional 5 Europe, was the first to struggle against the pretensions of the Roman Curia to universal supremacy William the Con- queror was the first king who refused to Hildebrand the homage which Edward

IV

State in

on the other hand, had to pay. And later, with Henry VIII, Elizabeth, and Cromwell, England became the balwark of Protestantism against the Roman Catholic monarchies, Here was a source of anti-English prejudice, the enmity of the Papacy

England has compassed the downfall of all the states which have aspired to European hegemony. Could this como about without leaving traces of enmity in France and Spain) It was precisely the permanent necessity for assuring her own safety which constrained England to turn" against the friend of yesterday become the menace of the day, which explains the accusations of perfidy and of instability brought against her by those whose gaine she has refused to play

OLD COLUNIAL IDEAS Bignor Crespi says that, according to the old ideas of a colonial regime wnien prevailed throughout the period from 1493 to 1815 and was accepted by all nations, a colony constituted the exclusive marker and riches of one nation, and this was believed to be only possible at the expense of the othera In consequence of this there was no difference between commerce and war between merchant flects and navies, and between war and peace. It was therefore absurd to cite a special examples of English perfidy, the English attacks by sea on Spain and Holland without a previouta declaration of war. Spain, Holland, and Portugal did exactly the same when they had the opportunity; it was a logical consequence of the old colonial and commercial system. The important potat is that England was the first country, to discover, with the help of Adam Smith, Pit, and Barke and in the nineteenth century with

that of Peel Cobden, Bright, and Lord Durham, the modern freez régime and the only country up to the present timo to practice it The memory of past struggles, however, remained in the thoughts of the discomforted,

Many powers against which England had fought in the past, Spain, Holland, and France, and many whose ambitions she had opposed, such as Russia and Prussia, required England's help during the wars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and during the Napoleonic wars and the present war. This help had roused resentment in the nations who had been helped; such was human Dature. During the Napoleonic wars England alone had stood firm, and she had more than once been abandoned and betrayed by her allies; yet for all that she was called perfidious Albion.

MON-INTERVENTION DOCTRINES.

that had once been the setting of Brusiloff's brilliances, get through his food at great speed and return to work. The staff, accustomed to listen, too much afraid of Kaledin to risk speech, sat one of my amusements to listen as they de silent në himself; and it used to be filed out of the door and hear the sudden our presence, like men taking broath burst of conversation as they left that after swimming for a long way under

water, s

COSSACK CONTROLSPEL With all that only the inefficient dia- liked hwn. It was impossible to dislike a kann so obviously single-minded, so obviously well-minded, as Kaledin. I am quite sure that whatever Kaledin does ho does it because he thinks that it is the heat thing for Russia, without the alighe est thought of how its success or failure may affect himself. I remember serib. bling in my diary after I left him that here was a man who, if he felt he coulil do good by putting his fat through a concrete wall, would try it, and that, damaged or not, the fist would come through on the other side,

This is the man who at the present trois the food supplies, the coal supplies, moment controls the Cossacks, and so con and the oil supples of Northern Russia. When the Temporary Government de manded bie surrender after the Kornilod mutiny the Cossacks tried him themselves, declared him not guilty," said there was no need for further trial, and denied as Government's right to take from him his which they said had been given him by post of Ataman, or chief of the Cossacks, Cossack vote, and not by the Russian Government. Since then he has remained in the Cessnck country, and, now that Northern Russia is leaderless, Moderates and Bolsheviks alike look to the South in fear of Kaledin.

ON THE RÜGE OF STARVATION. For Kaledin has Northern Russia, both Petrograd and Moscow, at his mercy, Perhaps it is already too late for him to use his mercy. It is not ay if Petrograd was over easy to feed. For nearly two

years Petrograd has been approaching nearer and nearer, inch by inch, to the porildus edgo of starvation. It has been fed only by great effort, and the utmost use of what inefficient transport remain- ed. The shortest stoppage of transport from the Cossack Land of Plenty, and the brink will have been passed, and the stupendous catastrophe of Northern Russia will bave begun, and will sweep inexorably to its end. Petrograd and Moscow have lived from hand to month What if there is nothing in the hand? The factorica stop for lack of fuel and the huge industrial population wanders without food or employment. Motors are as less for lack of petrol,

I think of Petrograd, that city in the swamp There is no escape for its citizens by the Warsaw railway, or the Baltic railway. By those lines masses of starv- ing snidery will be returning from & foodless front, There is no escape for them by the Finnish railway, for barren Finland lives on Russia's bounty, and will itself be starving. There is the Mos cow line, and oven if any considerable proportion of the inhabitants could so escape, will starving Moscow welcome starving Petrograd The huge masses of Petrograd must escape on foot, in winter, through an immense area of forest, swamp, ahe barren country

Another cause of her unpopularity which Mazzini himself contributed, was the use of the utilitarian school of Ben thom and Mill in England and of the doctrine of non-intervention. Whether the philosophic basis of utilitarianism wore mistaken cr not, it was undeniable, Says Signor Creapi, that its exponents believed that they had discovered in it a rational foundation for the identity of interests among all nations and the utill ty of liberty and democracy as guaranThat is the nightmare which Kaledin tees for peace.

pe and the Cossacks may loose on Northern Signor Crespi proceeds to develop his Hussia. That is the nightmare which argument and to illustrate it from his may be loosed already, through no will of tory. He maintains that another source theirs, to sweep away Bolabaviks and of misunderstanding and resentment Moderates alike, with the expiring multi- against England is that in such coun tude, in a disaster more gigantic than tries as Germany, Austris or Russia. Napoleon's retreat from Moscow THE ROYAL faire, and foreign policy is in the hand, where the parliamentary régime is a of the court, the development of the Northern Russia will have slipped frou British Empire is incomprehensible. In this world into the abyss. Germany may among people of slight cultivation, that nothing but dying folk asking for bread. Empire has been held to be the result of conquest and to be kept together by force Against the correctness of such an impres sion might be cited the many instances causes of the anti-English prejudice Such says Signor Crespi, are the main in which England had refused possible which is the result of the envy every annexations, as well as the annexations success arouses among those who are left she had reluctantly undertaken for the behind in the race, and such is the refuta- protection of native populations, and to which a liberal and cultivated Eng- the fact that territorial annexation by fishman might give to this prejudice. He England had never implied the closing of need not deny mistakes and errore, but markets to the rest of the world.

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A MEED OF PRAISE,

he might justly insist that such a fine, and from a liberal and progressive stand- The British Empire declares Signor point, universally beneficent result, could Crespi maintains order, together with not be the outcome of violence, cunning, the maximum of liberty, over a quarter and greed, as some people would have of the world's surface, and among popu peoples imaginations are more easily believed. He concludes by saying that lations which differ in race, religion, language and civilizations. In fact, impressed by military conquests and according to the writer, the British Em catastrophe, or by social cataclysms such pire is the nearest approach, so far, to as the French and Russian revolutions, the league of nations foreshadowed by declarations of abstract doctrines than or by theoretic and often platonic President Wilson. It is already in itself such a league and carries out its fun by the silent work that produces the tions. The problem is, nat how to destroy modern forms of political and social it, but how the world functions, so far liberty. The fact remains that the great- carried out by the British Empire alone est practical contribution toward the con. may be extended in co-operation with

struction of a world combining the order league composed of a growing number of which does not consist in the absence of and strength of Rome with that liberty nations who will undertake to respect, and to make others respect, the rights of restrictions, but in the self-discipline of the prople

individuals, classes, and nations, has come and is coming especially from the Anglo-Saxon world.

(Continued at foot of next Column)

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