1917-12-20 — Page 7

be glad to tell the enemy when I say that the British Fleet in its northern bise lies behind no shore defences, but relies on its own strength alone. (Cheers.) There and possibly in country, are those in this

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, DEOLIBER 2018.

BRITISH CASUALTIES

THE INVASION OF ITALY.

A WINTER CAMPAIGN

ITALY AND LANDERS.

TOTALS FOR OCTOBER. Following are the details of the losses. this House, who do not oppreciate the given under suits, liste issued for [By "YRE TIMES" MILITARY CORRESPONDENT.]

the principal headings in the in home activities of his Majesty's in its bases October. The lists include casualties waters, who think that like the High Sens Fleet, with the North reported from all points at which our Ben in between. 1 mate knowledge I from the ints armies are engaged?

Killed Accidentally Killed Died of Wounds Died

war

be

The fact that General von Below, with INCOM

body of German troops, has burst Officers & Men:

1,200 10,914 through the Julian front, and that 940 Austrian columns have found other badly 380 4,508

Missing, believed killed Wounded & Missing,

lieved killed

believed Missing, believed drowned believed pri- Missing,

soners of war Died as prisoner of war. Prisoners of war

of the day to day situation in the North Ben, and 1 can state with the fullest confidence to the House that the North Bea-150,000 aquere nautical miles is swept day and night, from north to south, and cust to west, Wounded the British Navy (Cheera) Wounded and Missing

During a recent month the mileage Wounded and prisoners of steamed by his Majesty's battleships, crussers, and destroyers alone; mounted to 10,000 ship mues in home waters. In addition to this there is the ceaseless of the Naval Auxiliary Forces, panting to Well, over 6,000,000 ship milies in nome waters in the sume monts. Cheers.) Over and above this we have the untiring vigilaces by warships and 01 his Majesty's Navy in every all craft ocean of the world

howzeery. As one Missing

that work only of dan state that during a recent

month the picckading Squadron performed in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean the almos: incredible teas of intercepting and samuning every single merchant ship countries tion's They with neutral trading misse not, one, (Choery) The demands made upon the Hoyal Navy have een great, and have ke met with such thoroughness, and with so little fuse, that the country has, fick sure, hardly realized what the Navy has accus planed of the Fleet before the out break of war was 110,000 to-day it is Naval Air Service, which has alone increased from 700 to 41,000.

is,

slily

From these must be de

ducted the following

First

reported killed,

wounded, og missing, afterwards reported not kill

killed, wounded,

missing

This leaves the totals ne

follows

Officers 6,205 Men

67 820 defended points on the Carnic Alps i

00,284 certainly very unfortunate and wo have

4,247

29

282

15

303

no need to minimize the

be the gravity of the 32 event. Italy's eastern frontier in tem

porarily lost, and the defence of the country is imperilled.

But, assuming, as we must, that we can count on the recovery of the Italian Armies upon one, or other of the very 323 defensible lines upon which they can fall 3,165 back, there is a little silver lining to

571

the Julian cloud. The season approaches when operations, in France and Flanders usually die down, as they die down in the Alps, but in the Italian plams there is nothing to prevent fighting all through ;;» the winter, and it is an advantage to the side with the greatest military resources, 50,195 bith actual and potential, to continue We should probably not have had the and the war of attrition through the winter. 94,807 advantage of the participation of the 68,358 Italians in this winter campaign had it B2, 404 not been for this German stroke, 109,200

THE WESTERN FRONT 18 ONE. The iden that the

The figures for June, July, August,

September repectively were : for 3,601 Men... Officers 2,490 Men Officers 5,284 Men Men

1017

History of China's Railways

From the Beginning in the '60's

Down to 1916,

An Up-to-Date

THE portion of the Communications Section of the GAZETTEER dealing with China's Railways is in itself

a book of over 40,000 words, and comprises shother important phase of this many-sided work. It opens with a running. historical narrative that makes extremely interesting reading.

Railways is given in this section, the matter having been Fractically all the information known about China's edited by a well known authority. First of all, there is an up-to-date Railway Map, showing railways in operation, under construction, surveyed and projected routes—a tanp that will be of the utmost value after the war when China will have resumed construction of these steel arteries of trade that must in time link up every important centre.

300,000. In this is included the Royal Officers-alty during the past car ZONE theatre is nut Railways were protected in China even so early as the

ROYAL NAVAL AIR SERVICE.

The duties of the Royal Naval Air Service are varied, of great value me of absorbing interest. Its great efficiency and gallantry in France are occasionally brought to public notice by reports of bomthing expeditions and any

statement on

But

From

month life been issued lists of casualties suffered by officers and men and of these the details are

Officers. Men,

35 ∙140 Killed Died of Wounds Died Drowned

the herd todentally drowned

complete without a tribute

to the

tally injured Missing, believed killed Missing Died while prisoners of war Died from effects of immer

BIOR

killed Died Royal

of injuries Died of accidential Air Bervice in operations over the Wounded. a. They are the terror of the sub

month during a

aircraft the marine, patrol round the British coast alone in more than five times the circumference interest the of the earth, I think it may House

instruct the public if I give and some indication of what the Royal Naval Air Service alone has done in bombing behind the enemy has in France. Prisoners of war

During September alone sixty-four raids were carried out on dockyards naval depots, enemy aerodromos, and other objects of naval and military importance in Flanders behind the enemy lines. No less than 2,736 bombe were dropped by the Royal Naval Air Service

alone, totalling eighty-five toos explosives The figures for October are not yes, comh- pletely tabulated, but are still greater. The submarine service of the Royal Navy would call for more time than I can at **Their

of

Died

not

while interned in Hol- land Previously reported wounded,

afterwards reported wounded Previously reported missing, afterwards reported not missing:

Totals

137

part of the Western front is contrary to act and to geographical realities. This has been recognized by the constant con ferences of British, French, and Italian Commanders and Staffs, and by the ar rangements which we naturally assume to 327 have followed for mutual defence. On

the whole of the Western front the Alliez can aid each other without involving transport by sea, and there is nothing simpler than for them to afford each ther such aid. The presence of French and British heavy gung in Italy during General Codorne's last offensive testifies better than words to the acceptance by 116 all the Western General Staffs of the

3 principle of cordial co-operation.

Such co-operation can, if necessary, extend to the sea-front, Austria is vulnerable in the Adriatic if a naval came paign be waged there with vigour; and if any important part of Venetia falls temporarily into Austro-German hands, then the surface open to naval pressure-18 extended. The Allied need is to force the paen in this winter war by sea and land not with little packets of Allied troups and ships, but with important 1,019 forces, which will carry on the war with high-handed vigour until the enemy bas had enough of it

present ask the House' to give me the other forces, but not in the Grand Fleet. from France to Italy, we and our good intrepid Patrol of the

the far waters North Sea is invaluable. The romance of one submarine hunting another, is enthral ling were

permissible to give details those exploits. bear httle of their

work doings, but their butes largely to the practically immunity of our shores. (Cheers.)

of

Bes

and six captains have served at sea with Fer every German division withdrawn Further comment is, I think, unneces friends the French and Americans can have endeavoured to show that afford to send more, and every German sory the British Navy retains its old traditions and Austrian division taken from the of seeking to bring the chemy fleet to Russo-Roumanian front makes the task actions of keeping open the trade routes of our Eastern Allies toe easier. We have and protecting the commerce of ourselves good positions Low in France and and Allies. The frontiers England are Flanders, and als: a good superiority of closing this statement of naval still the conste of the enemy. When the men and guns. Therefore, while winter I would wish to mention the day comes that the enemy gives the British

temporarily suspends the Flanders fight. of the mine-sweepers and mite Navy what it asks, namely, battle, 1 ing, we can, without any undue risk, crews largely not doubt that in strategy, tactics, and make things lively in Italy during the layers and of their gallant courage Navy

action uphold ite (Cheers.) Both those duties may be offes by its

great traditions sive as well as defensive. le it not an of which it and the country are so justly

But whatever Cor offensive nieasure to lay mines at night proud. (Cheers.) in the tortuous channels of the enemy overay there may be, and however a mine-fields with the possibility of attack certain faction and I am glad to believe from his patrol craft or discovery and that it is a small faction may hold the bombardmentTM

Navy should commit itself from his land guns view that

hich Similarly, is it not en offensive measure to ventures, every responsible raval into the authority condemns (cheers) there can Solds, which enemy mine fields, sweep a passage as they have done to glorious

are

greater preponderance, and smart sen man with the necessary force and backing can offect much more in the Adriatic than has yet been attempted there.

relaxation of the The temporary Austro-German attack upon Cadorne's Armies is due to infhiences which must be understood. There is fairly good rail.

for the mine-sweepers tootected, to be no difference of opinion upon the one way communication behind the Armies enable their comrades of the submarine or the be fact that by every action since of von Below and Boroevic but westward

very

of the way and I feel more o Tolming there is none. To extract all

action until

the light surface craft to follow in the next than confdent by every night

The late Prime Minister once end of the war the officers and the men the marching columns from the moun said in a speech which he made on the of the Royal Navy have proved themtains and resort them, to build bridges and repair railways, and to bring up are of neces selves, and will continue to prove them Fleet, that naval opht. It is that salves, worthy upholders of the great froah supplies of food and ammunition, sity conducted in the t

which keeps the public, and tradition of their service. (Loud cheers) is a very considerable task in such a country, and in the interval the 1 regret to say this House, in partial

CRUDE AND EPHEMERAL FANCIES Italian Armies have time allowed to thei such ignorance of their work, In a war

Mr. Asquith-The right hon. gentleman for recuperation. Dar confidence in as this which has continued so long, and has quoted an expression of mine made General Cadorna is entirely unchanged, which will still continua long, during two years ago in addressing the Graad which the development of modern weapon Fleet, when I told them that their opera war has beet so great, it is inevitable tions were to large extent carried on that uninformed

a certain class There 18

who honest of intention, shoticism

of

UNFALE ORITICISM.

o

We how that it was not his leading, but

the temporary weakening of the will of the troops to conquer, tant caused this however do acant jus of critics,

unfortunate retreat, and we regard it as tice to those men who day by day seem to hold it a matter of fighting the country's battles, or boaring the great responsibility of conducting the complaint against the Navy that their and of the sound judgment of the Italian. actions are not carried on in the lime Commander-in-Chief that he should have great campaign by sea. (Hear, hear.)

light. (Cheers and laughter.) Why do taken his decision as promptly as he did.

not do little more in the way of DUTY OF HALK

We must not, even in an hour of natural disappointment, imagine that the Italian Army has shown its true form in this regrettable affair. It is impossible to suppose that the Italian troops, who have displayed such remarkable dash and endurance during the war, can have made & present to the Austro Germans of some

in the twunorant, ill-info timate one more proof of the frmness of mind

and spluttering about the

og of this war main

Referring to unfair criticisms of distin

That is not the function of the guished officers, Sir Erie said: There is Navy What, the Navy ought to de a common impression, based again upon what the Navy is doing, and has done inck of knowledge-but it is none the less since the

beginning harmful that the Board of Admiralty staining the inviolability

ty of our consts, composed of a lot of obsolete old gentle sweeping the high geas, on which zo men who know little or nothing of war single German merchantman is now to be

preserving our

our commerce, estab principle suggestions which come forward

lishing from those who are fighting the country' enemy's supplies, and a censeless,

not been at sea on active service

and his very great merit and

Juring officer

the

in

the war. He is a distinguishes to the upon the admirablished Alled Governments owe a duty to their

to

alty are known full well, not on

and

on

its modern form, and who resist on fou and maintaining the blackade of of the strongest position on the Julian battles at sea. There are, as I have stated, unobtrusive, but effective vigilance and Carnic fronts unless some maleficent ight Sea Lords. Of those only one has maintaining in the only real sense of the Propagadism had been at work among the command of the Rear them. Such propaganda we know there has been, and we know the German and congratulate the right hon other sources whence it springs.

The Jucidity and cogency with which he has

Italian Ally and are prepared to tuin the crude and ephemeral fancies of the but they also owe a duty to their own -Board, but to all my shed pre hour. (Cheers PRO trps, and must make sure, before they

decessors during the war One other of Mr. G. Lambert said that Sir the naval members of the Board has not Geddes was to be envied, as he had made sagage them deeply, that the new ifalian boen at gen, but he has had active charge a speech which had carried the House Government will save explicit assurances the war of aerial operations and almost of its legs. Could the First Lord that any powers which General Cadorna And is employed in that caps. say the submarine menace was being requires for suppressing the Germen and announced with the loyalty of the Army are im mediately accorded to him.

The remaining six Sea Lords have mastered when in two days last week other agents who have been tampering

all coma

the from Grand Fleet within the 85,000 tons of shipping

Mr. Houston said the

last twelve months with one exception,

23

and that officer's service at sea has been being lost 2 Deandard ships

most distinguished in an Eastern com.

during the wa

of naval were being built on shaolutely obenlete lines. It was about time that someone It

ITALY AND FLANDERS A We must not run away with the iden

mand, were he was it think spoke out and called the attention of the that we propose to abandon our plan of

operations

to

ret men f

this i

to

those who they not

The

Country

ially with acto misled at optimistic and pleasant of the Western front must remain sub-

to the way the people had been campaign in the West The Italian sector

the Grand

experience

have

the fing ou

ngwer is on the active service

are of these twenty two in twenty-two,

Jono capti

sea during the

served

served at

Fleet

ordinate and secondary. Only a few Holt mad he was able to accept derman divisions are there, and one

the figures

Admiralty a

lost,

of the First Lord of the reason why they are there is to tempt an

the

of mercantile to abandon the Bubstance for the shadow-

Then cons ement

lans for and to relax our deadly grip in Flanders.

of lost

the

the

binens

We need not, on that account alter our determination to parque our plans

ho was

Flanders, and in France to the logi

conclusion at the right moment.

'60's of last century when the new method of transport was still in ita untried infancy in Europe and America, and the far-sighted engineers of those early days made route plans that the engineers of to-day are following to a considerable extent, and it is interesting to note that in some cases, the Tientsin-Pukow line, for example, the old Government Courier Houtes are followed.

Starting with the construction of the pioneer railway in Ching, that from Shangbai to Wousung, the first steps for which were taken so early as 1885, this Section tells the whole interesting story of the gradual railway expansion that progressed steadily in spite of official opposition, down to 1916, when thousands of miles were in operation and more thousands projected.

A description of each line is given separately, with foll detail of construction, cost, ownership, loans by which the railwaye were built and the amounts outstanding, operation custe, earnings, and a mass of other material not readily accessible elsewhere. In fact, this Section attempts to tell all that anyone interested in the subject could expect.

Do You Know These!

A glance at the list of railways is a test of one's goographical knowledge of the country. For example, how Many readers could definitely state even the location of half of these

Chinese Eastern Railway

South Manchurian Railway Peking Mukden Railway

Railway

Pankow Railway

Taskow Chinghua Hailway Chengtai Railway Tientsin Pukow Kailway Lung Hai Railway Shantung Railway

Chefoo Weihsian Railway.

TRANSPORTATION

Accompanying

Railway

Chowkiakow-Siangyaugia Railway

Po Sin Bailways

Shanghai-Manking Bailway Shanghai-Hangshow-Ningpo Railway

Map

Nanchang Changsha Chuchow Fingsiang Kailway. Tech-Han

Canton

Railway

Kowloon Railway

Chang-Hela Railway Swatow Chaochówlu Railway Sunning Railway Hankow-Szechuan

Yunnan Railway

and others

Railway

It is a formidable list, and when the various lines are completed and the connecting links are built--which must be done during the years immediately following peace in Europe. China will bave a network of steel that will compare favour ably with railway systems of western countries.

source of valuable The Railway Section must be a information anul reliable reference to all firms and individuals who are to participate in the rapid westernising strides China inget take in this present generation.

Waterways, Roads, Telegraphs

The Communications Section, besides treating railways to the fullest extent, deals extensively with roads- it credid there are roads in China, after all-particularly the ancient routes known as Government Courier Roads, leading from Peking to the Coast, to the North, to the West, to the South, and to the Outer Territories.

Mention is made of the extensive system of natural and artificial water communication, together with interesting and little-known information about that World's wonder, the Grand Canal, or Imperial River, which took centuries to build and was completed before the time of Marco Polo, boilt for com- munication parposes, not for drainage.

Telegraphs in China are discussed at length, from the first fatite attempts of a Russian telegraph engineer to interest Peking in 1965 to the laying of the first cable (Shanghai- Hongkong in 1871), the Great Northern Telegraph Co-s 12-mile line, Shanghai to Woosung (1873), Li Hung-chang's wire from bis Shanghai yanica to the Arsenal, 1877 (the first line strung Chinese), down to the present day when the remotest interior city is reached by wire and when wireless is not unknown,

In this section, naturally is also given the story of the establishment and growth of the Chinnas Posts, from the ancient courier service to the perfected system of to-day, when close to 1,000,000,000 pisces of mail matter are handled nonully.

AND COMMERCE

AILWAYS IN CHINA are a sign of the times. The maps of China, particularly the Railway Map in the GAZETTEER, show hundreds of miles of railways extending from the sea to distant interior points, and these are slowly but surely bringing the old-young nation closer to the world, closer to herself. As America did so is China doing, strengthening herself with a steel network of communication rails.

Commerce needs transportation and a quicker means of transport than that of old is demandel. Slow-moring. junks on tirers, canals and coasts are fast giving way to steam or petrol-drivan steamers and launches. Many of them are Chinese built, for shipbuilding yards are appearing in the ports. Mineral wealth is being exploited, river and barbour improvements are making-there is no necessity for particularizing.

The signs of the times give promise that China in a very near future is to occupy a large space in the affairs of the world. The end of the war in Europe will see the eyes of the Commercial West turned Chinward, and organizations abroad, particularly in America, already are making toward a tloser relation with this country of great commercial possibilities,

What Do You Know About China!

What are you doing toward acquainting yourself with China, the country on which you are dependent for your business, your living! Plan your work and work your plan for a better understanding of China, for a bigger busineen for 1918

The first essential with which to equip yourself for a closer understanding and knowledge of China, her resources, ber needs, is reliable trustworthy data such as can be obtained only from THE NEW ATLAS AND COMMERCIAL GAZETTEER OF CHINA, the first and only combined Atlas and Commercial Encyclopedia, giving all that is known of commercial industrial China, shumarized, digested, visualized for you.

Produced by THE FAR EASTERN GEOGRAFEICAL ESTABLISHMENT after years of painstaking research and now published by the NORTH-CHINA DAILY News, this is a work a copy of which should be in every business office in China. in the office of every firm at Home having trade relations with China. It is a book that will at once take first rank among the great reference works of the world, a work that will be referred to constantly as a complete and reliable source of information of commercial, industrial and economic things Chinese."

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