1917-10-05 — Page 7

WHAT INDIA WANTS. THE COMING CHANGES.

LUY LOYAT FRASER.) India is stirred by widespread political excitement at the present moment and the

British public ought to try to understand withont delay what all the hubbub means, Ong feels raiber sorry for the British public in these days. It has so many anxious things to think about that it hardy know which way to look first.

Yet it must give Rome thought to India, even though the guns are roaring in Flanders, and though German doses of peace are couiting softly about Stockholm For the British public controls the destinies of over three hundred millions disregard its heavy responsibilities.

The fact is tbut when every nation in the world is evolving new political ideals and aspirations, India could not be ex- pected to remain quiescent. Just now the educated people of India are more insistent than they have ever yet been. They wait self-government," and they want it in a very great hürry.

TER HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 6TH, 1917.

THE IRELAND OF TO-DAY. DRIVING POWER OF THE GAELIC RENAISSANCE.

[BY LOUIS J. MCQUILLAND.].

The strength of the insurgent movement

in Ireland to-day is in the young men and their strength lies in the fact that they have outgrown the material decadit ence of the great famine of 1846-8, in- which 800,000 people died of hunger and over 1,230,000 emigrated to the United States.

WHAT WOULD NELSON DO” TRAFALGAR AND JUTLAND.

[By WWIISON, AUTHOR OF

IS ACTION."

IRONCLADE

WATCH KUHLMANN I

BY D. THOMAS CURTIN ]

THE

The most important of the new appoint- ments in Germany is that of Baron on It is one of the signs of the times, and Kühlmann as Foreign Minister. Not a & not unhappy sign, that in defence of the great Agrarian noble with the rushing naval strategy recently pursued by the political tacties of a bull, but a member Allies an attempt is runde to show that of the lesser nobility, cunning and polish- is based upon the doctrines of Nelsoned, energetic and able, he possesses to a

MIRROR SHOWS PLAINER That is not, of course, the belief of in higher degree than even Count Bernstorff

THAN WORDS WHAT A WONDER- structed foreign critics Admiral how qualities so dear to the heart

FUL IMPROVEMENT MAY BE Degony, who alone has written boldly of the Wilhelmstrass (Germany's diple-

REALISED BY A GAIN OF The subject, has said that he detects matie centre), the ability to combine in diplomatic office a firaclissi détertivo

EVEN 10 OR 12 POUNDS. the Allied war xt sen rather the "Col-biereau and an elaborate • Press instruc

tion:"" department, -

We strongly recommend every man and His greatest fault has been a to zealous lingwood method" than the Nelso touch. Perhaps the best way of clearing inclination to overplay his hand. But if woman reader of this paper, who has lost our minds on this most vital, point, the we dwell, too much, upon his well-known pals, weak or run down, or who has lost indiscretions he, and unt we, will now his or her buoyant, youthful energy, or

T

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Those who remained were the aged and the weaklings. Only in this generation has national health completely reasserted itself. The young men of to-day are well fed, and they have also an intellectual equipment speak of the bulk of the of people in India and cannot fightly Only since the Board of Intermediate nor alter), is to see what Nelson's doctrine his career as Chanceller to the Garimu i debility, either nirvans er Physical, to treatained on MoNDay, bth init, at 10 AM.

people-denied to their predecessore, real principles of war (which vanish nogain thereby. To he, sure, he terminated who uters from lose of appolite. or from be left in the Godowns, where they will be Education was established in 1878 have what the Kelson touch really was. Etubassy in Lotion in blaze of new, scientifically compounded prepare

Press pro tion called Sargol. more or less ludicrous

The trouble with most people who appear the Catholic youth of Ireland had any

Two stupendous changes have concpaganda designed to keep. Britain ten-

bag of banes is not that they secondary education, higher facility

don't get enough to eat, but that they do being offered in the following year, when

upon ug since Nelson's time. The sabral, which earned him the mate here of like the Royal University of Ireland was

spite of much excellent work later not assimilate what they do ent.. founded, which passed through its hands marine has rendered it possible for enon the funny man."

craft to elude surface ships and appede in Constantinople, be added further to simply go through the natural motions of The eating, but the flesh-giving part of what an average of 1,800 students every year.

reputation. funny man It was, however, a university only in like a jack-in-the-box, on the lines of had the intention of embracing they eat just passes away without being name, not even having a residential communication protected by the superior

On the other hand, zir Islam, the Turks soon learned. True, but asimilated, and consequently does not do qualification. It is just nine years since surface fleet,

Barget helps digest your food and aid: AR Kühlmann had led them to believe.

There is no need for the Irish National University, which craft have given to the superior feel a not in precisely the manner which them any good. does resemble the real article, came into new power of attack which did not exist evidence of his thoroughness, however, it in its assimilation. being after long and bitter parliamentary in Nelson's day. struggle. Many of the Sinu Foiners that the whole Allied merchant marine must be remembered that he inspired the you to be a skinny" and go around with face fleet remained safe. It is possible, Dan and Austring newspapers under the longer Sargol will make you plump, sleek to-day are graduates of the Royal Uni- might be sank while the whole Allied sur-grouping of Turkish news in some Ger that pinched, haugry, half-fed look any

received them... Der Heilig Krieg

A S. WATSON & CO., LTD., scientists; even the degreeless unes in

VICTORIA DIBPKRBLEY, (whatever blke water "command" of finitely better off educationally than

THE PHARMAUX, For it is not (The Holy War). that incans) is retained.

QUEEN' DISPENSARY, their fathers are. Maynooth turns out the blue water on the surface that

THE EDARD DISPENSARY. Sinn Feiners wholesale.

counts alone to-day. We must commend surface, as well. the green water, off,, 200ft, below the

Our duty as the stern custodians of Indig's welfare is to give ladins not necessarily what she wants, but what she is fitted for. If we yielded incontinently 10 all the clamorous and emotional de mands which may be heard in India

It is now conceivable)

his

to-day we should quickly land the people versity--doctors, lawyers, mathematicians, that is to say, to lose the war at sea while heading pleasing to the Turks who later and "fit as & âddle,”....

of India into a bigger mess than the Russians are now ruefully contemplating, The peare and prosperity and genuine happiness which India now enjoys she attnied under our guidance. We must not let our work be wrecked. Our task is to make India a willing partner in the British Empire, to lead her people to realise that they will be safer and better off under the British flag than without its shelter.

When we examine the demand of India for self-government there are two or three. comiderations-which must be borne in

The second consideration is that the excessive claims of the Indian politicians

writers in Ireland jo-day are in the new Nearly all the younger school of lovement, especially the petsa dau gerous race whom Plato declared he would

not have in his republic. Better food, better surroundings, better learning thete are very material ingredients in the development of a national obstinate self- will.

Hyde, a Protestant,

11

He encouraged widespread propaganda in Turkey, but he had already deft that eard of the four rulers of the Central country when it was flooded with the post- Powers sitting at a table-confncated by Nelson nimed above all things the Tarkish authorities because Wilhel destroying the enemy's fighting ships. He Francis Joseph, and Ferdinand should

of Allah's mandans representatives, a

FULL OF WILES.

FOR SALE.

"ONGKONG POSTAGE

was penetrated, that is er say, by the have remained standing in the presence (all different) in packets of offensive spirit. He was not carried away by it. On the contrary, like every really great commander, he was careful of his ships and men. Though he want, down to battle transfigured with courge de farver gave a point away. He stopped

the eve of Trafalgar, precisely as Nap leon stopped a premature rush, upon an envy army at Austerlitz a few wroks

later.

He believed that "nothing great enn be

:

23

have, little relation to their collective emancipation," and it has to a great cx-tions and that he would support them however, that he gained tremendous far

tent succeedeit

fast exploit before she returned to politics new Messiah in was to proclaim a Madras,

The third consideration is that the people in India who lay the greatest airess upon India's services in the war, and base demand the right to, carry arms. They the greatest demands thereon, are not the are very eager about the right to carry men who have fought or paid. Yet this arms, point requires strong qualification, for it is due to India's intellectuals to recog nise that they have backed the war in

speech and in writing with a warmth

which am sura is sincere,

Failure in understand the psychology of alber people, is now a well-known Ger- mars trait, from which von Kühlmann has for entirely escaped. Let us not forget, our imperial esteem when he expressed Kreat doubt secretly to Berlin of Britain's was violated. In this respect he made remaining neatral if Belgian neutrality!

His understanding of British psycho- good where Lichnowsky failed

We

During the war, I have come upon the trail of vor Kühlmann in London, Berlin, Scandinavia, Turkey, and Holland," and If English education has had great

take him very seriously. Indeed, i was force in the development of the now mind. The first is that the political es-Ireland, Irish education bus had a great-a premature rush on the enemy fleet very much relieved during my efforts last nutumn to throw his myriad of spies off citenint in India has very little to do

er. It is said that Sinn Feiu has

my tracks, while planning to slip quietly. with the Mesopotamin business. It has absorbed the Garlic,Lengue. It might be

Heard that he had become suddenly a fer earlier origin. India by catue excit said as a more exact truth that the Gaulic

across the North Sea to England, wher

ed about the Mesopotamia debates in League has encompassed Sinn Fein. The arliament, but her excitement took the Irish language movement was started

engrossed in the prospective transfer of For a complex “information depart form of intense, indignation about the twenty-three years ago by Dr. Douglas achieved without risk," but he was not his netivities: back to Constantinople^

an advocate of battle in all circumstances. attacks on Lund Hardinge, who is revered

**Do not inmging," he wrote, that which included hovering about the as no other undern Viceroy of India Jins

Founded explicity for the relearning one of those hot-brained people who little British ships that dash across the ever been. On the other hand, the of the Gaelic tongue, it constituted in fight at an immense disadvantage without North Sea, listening to conversation of Mesopotamisreport has been quickly

an adequate object, When he anticipat all kinds in trains, hotels tramwayentes, utilised as a endgel to beat the bureen-reality a national renaissance, whose ob crazy, and the violent criticisms of the jet was to de-Anglicise Ireland The ed action he wanted to have all possible and on the promenade at Schevening 1, Government of India by some acetious of task was not so difficult as it looked, for force with him. It is only numbers to the boy who claims a tip because he in Western Ireland the Gacie tongue has which can annihilate," he wrote on the was the first to see your taxicab coming, the English Press have inflarned this

never been abandoned; and Irish has pret of Trafalgar, and it is annihilation buying strategic points on telephone lines Very often one could not get through to Leniency." If on your own showing this

the British Consulate in Rotterdam until is the best you can do," say the Indinn vailed to a lesser extent in the midlands, that the country wants and not merely a

was properly connect- the interpreter politicians, !' why, not let us manage our and even in the north, in such counties splendid victory."

ed--subsidising, newspapers and entertain- JUDGMENT AND INDEPENDENCE, own affairs!" The contention is absurdly as Cavan and Donegal.

The Gaelic League has always professed misleading, because whatever changes are

When, however, he had gained contacting correspondents-I take off my hat. to made in India there is not the smallest to bold aloof from politics, but it has with an enemy feet he never let it go. the energy of von Kühlmann at The

Hague. intention of entrusting military policy somehow managed to impregnate tho

whole body politic of Ireland. It has He made his plans for battle, carefully to Indian lands.

consulting his captains and saturating aimed at what that marvellous observer of then: with his thought till they themselves Irish life, M. Paul, Dubois, has termed in action could improve on his arrange !ooral Home Rule, psychological nents because they knew his fall intone

Com- capacity to handle public affairs

with his last drop of blood. His watch pared to them the people of Petrograd

The Sinn Feiners are out against what word was, Now, had we taken ten mii are masters of statecraft. I will illus- trate this contention by one simple and they call an English Ireland- an Ireland, and allowed the eleventh to see when incontrovertible point. Though there are by the way, which was good enough for it had been possible to have got at her, over three hundred millions of Indians, Grattan, for Swift, for O'Connell, and 1 could never have called it well done." never ceased to blame himself that they can find no better or more convincing Parnell. They desire the failure of ther the Battle of the Nile two out of logy has been rewarded to-day by appoint leader than Mrs. Besant, a lady whose Convention, and the restless hope they thirteen buemy ships got away from him.ment to a post which will permit him full hug to their hearts is that unfinished think," he wrote to a friend, if it scope to defeat Great Britain by the wiles Combined with had pleased God that I had not been of diplomacy if the siege gun and the questions have no pity for the repose of nations." Daily Express,

wounded not a boat would have escaped torpedo fail to do so. to have told the tale." If he had lived anderstanding, he has reared a colossal it is pretty certain that not an enemy fracture of publicity. "infuence" in

neutral, constries, and espionage. may be sure that he will be watchfal for would have escaped from Trafalgar.

To obtain these crushing, extraordinary any spark of labour trouble bere ready results. he departed from all the convento fan it to a flame, and that he will tion and formalism of his time. He was courage by the most round-about devices not one of those people whose lives are the dreams of pacifists, both amateur and have only picked out a few of the more extreme points, but, broadly speaking, it spent in carrying out or giving routine professional. He well merits, and I con- He was, indeed, an indifferent dently believe he will get, the careful orders, may be said that these spokesmen of India disciplinarian and his ships were not and continuous attention of the British ask that their country shall have at once always in order, but his was an intensely Foreign Offee and the American Stute Always bearing in mind these and the full status of a self-governing original mind and had meditated from Department. similar considerations, what is it that Dominion. The demand is one which can boyhood upon naval war: As a youth he in India's in-was famous in the Navy as a tactician. India wants? Well, she is wanting a nut possibly be conceded, great deal, and I am inclined to think, terests just as much as in our own. The At the Nile he took tremendous risks and es Lord Morley told her sears ago, that right line of advance was clearly laid fought a night battle contrary to all the Her more down by Lord Hardinge, in conjunction ideas of his time. It was as though a

Inert line in all its horror, in all ite the is asking for the moon." violent spokesmen wish to half-obliterate with the late Sir John Jenkins, in modern admiral, disregarding submarines error 1 is against this that aval violent spoke of India and to ham despatch dated August 25th, 1011, which and tar decisive range. Not only that, battle; the passive defensive in war. It had pushed swiftly into thought has to guard-the inert line in said

In the course of time the just demands but he flung his ships on both sides of the is not true that Nelson countenanced the of Indians for a larger share in the enemy line in the dark, so that there was plan of sitting still or of passive deferise government of the country will have to real risk of their firing into one another.

he was content with a long-range blockado be satisfied, and the question will be He subordinated all qualms, all fears, to the face of a great danger. Because how this devolution of power can be the passionato pursuit of his great end, of Toulon, because he left the French which was to concentrate overwhelming ships there in peace so long as they were conceded without impairing the supreme force on a part of the enemy, and to there, it does not follow that he would authority of the Governor-General in destroy that enemy, There had been Council

nothing like the Battle of the Nile before have been content with a long-range The only possible solution of the dif that battle was fought. One hundred blockade of the German coast in daya ficulty give the provinces a larger measure of has been nothing like it since.N in Nelson's time Great Britain had about self-government, until at last India

When only a subordinate, he showed his 1 to 1; (2) when submarines are sinking would consist of a number of pro judgment and independence by breaking our shipping at the rate of 15 or 20 large vincial affairs, with the Government of

indecisive encounter into a victory. He ships per week; (3) when there are air- India above them all, and possessing condemned the old fetish of the line of craft and other appliances with which the with which the power to interfere in case of misgovern- battle, the worship of which has once more enemy can be reached.

It is not to be supposed that Nelson would ment but ordinarily restricting their crept into the Allied Navies. The m functions to matters of Imperial conmortal order for Trafalgar expressly have given the slightest countenance to states it is almost impossible to bring half-baked schemes of wild and reckless The British Admiralty of his A somewhat similar development was a fleet of forty sail of the line into a attack elaborated by Lord Islington, the Underline of battle in variable winds, thick day, though it made many mistakes, con Secretary of State for India, in an un- weather, and other circumstances which tained men familiar with great war offical address delivered last week. Upon must occur, without such a loss of time men whose greatness, as is the case of some such lines early changce will doubt that the opportunity would probably he Barham, we of this generation have redis loss be made, though only after careful lost of bringing the enemy to battle in covered. They were not likely to prepare such a manner as to make the business such plans. Full of it. What we need preliminary inquiry and consideration..

India is justified in desiring a further decisive." bors of the Indian Civil Service From the extension of liberties, but progress in the His prediction was rindieated at:- Jut at this hour, to guard against the two highest places. All appointments are to East must be in an affair of long pauses land in these days of steam. The prin equally ruinous extremes of the met be docided in India, and in legislative

if it is to be solid and enduring The cinle which he laid down is true to all and administrative matters" the Govern essence of the scheme of provincial auto time. Therefore, at Trafalgar he adopted is a War Staff containing officers who ment of India is to be as far as pos-nomy is that while giving large powers it dispositions which enabled him to throw have studied not so much gunnery or sible" independent of the Secretary of will furnish an admirable training a very large fleet swiftly upon the enemy engineering or tactics or tornedo work, State That Minister is to be placed on ground for the possible acquirement of in such a manner as to secure decisive 13 War, its science, and its history ampaigns by studying history. General a par with the Secretary for the Colonies, more spacious responsibilities at some results. And his apponent's tactics and Napoleon always began and planned his and his Council is to be abolished. As future period. India will not be orders? We have only to read the son Petali wag a lecturer in military history. for the Imperial Legislative Council, they better governed. In my opinion the adful comment of a great French officer Soves General Ludendorfi so also once was Meltke. We can win this war at sea desire in offect to set up single-chamber ministrative system, in India will grad Inert line in all its horror, in all its government of the most extreme kind. In ually become worse under the new dispon error. Villeneuve tried to get into bringing men of the same type to all elections they want as broad a franchise sation but Indians are as human as the single line, and then, trusted to mere Whitehall and giving them at once power as possible. They claim fiscal autonomy rest of us, and they would rather govern shooting without any display of man and responsibility, now that we have ex- Wcellent fighting officers in command of our (in which I agree with them) and they themselves badly than be governed exclu-uvring or will power.LES

sively by others.

(Continued at foot of next Column.) squadrons and fleets-Daily Mail. (Continued at foot of next Column.)

string the Indian Civil Service. They are supremely confident in their ability to manage everything, and I do not quite share their confidence.

...The real impetus to India's claims for self-government came when the National Congress, a Hindu organisation, formed a working union with the Moslem League. I had something to do with the inception of the Moslem League, and its founders may remember that they adopted the name which I suggested. They wanted to call it the "Mahommedan Confederacy." This political union between Mussulmans and Hindus finds little real reflection in the general life of the country, for a great, gulf still divides the two communities.

The demands of these two bodies are set forth in a memorandum submitted to the "Viceroy last October by 19 members of the Imperial Legislative Council, but they were explained in a scheme drafted in common by the League and the Congress last December. They want, among other things, to dest such proportion of the principal permanent officials of India as are Indians, and they seek to debar mem-

close and

TRE-PASSIVE DEFENSIVE.

ponderance of nearly 4 to 1, whereas

war and were

They knew the history

passive defensive and the insane

of

offensive,

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