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THE EXAMINATION OF

RECRUITS.

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE

COMMITTEE.

REMOVAL OF RECRUITING FROM WAR OFFICE TO CIVILIAN PARLIAMENT.

trol.

mend :---

2

THURSDAR SEPTEMBER 20TH, 1917.

RETROSPECTION.

THE GERMAN WAR.

THREE YEARS—AND AFTERA

[BY ** THE TIMES' "' MILITARY CORRESPONDENT-]

is to our present Prime Minister, who applied a match to the train of powder laid by The Times, that we owe, above. all others, the perfecting of our armament, and the victories that it has enabled us to win

had

OLD ARMIES AND NEW,

BITTER LESSON IN.

DISCIPLINE.

RI ISSIAN TROOPS! ORGY IN

The

!!

KALUSZ.

Bourse Gazette pablishes. After three years of the greatest war of The co-operation of the British Army account of recent events at Kalusz (the all time we cannot fail to pause for an with the French in certain oventualition had been the subject of conversations

town west of Stanislav captured by the The Specin! Report from the Selectinant in order to glance back over the since the year 1906, and all was prepared Russia na shortly before the retreat began) Committee on the_|_Military Service hard and stony road which we have for the dispatch of our small Expedition-from-

* Mobilization and

its correspondent, M.- Bregliko (Review of Exceptions) Act, 1917, was traversed. We recall with a shudder the ry Force to France,

movement were admirably, secretly, and Bersh coveki. Special shock battalions ez- Issued last month. In accordance with truly lamentable military situation in expeditiously accomplished The Navy cupies the town, pushing the Germang be their resolution of July 10th the Con- which we found ourselves when we were covered the movement. There is no proof mittee recommend that the whole or forced, agafast our will, by the deliberate that the Germans knew that we were in fore them. They were reinforced by two. ganization of recruiting medical boards

their front until August 20th, and our regim uts who were specially loud in their and of the medical examinations and, and planned aggression of the Central soldiers had taken wing without the geo- enumite

Powers, to take up arms. An Army which ern) public at home gender ids for peace without annexations

Thrown into the midst or in temnities," napred. War Office and placed under evilian con was merely the armed policy of a great of the cauldron of war, and

op: The enemy, knowing with whom he had In order to restate public confidence Empire, neither devised nor fitted for posed to the immensely superior forces. ending action on the foregoing recom-aggression, and able at first to place in the better armament of the main operato di ul, left large stocks of wine and

tive wing of the German Armies, Field- mendation the Committee further recon- the field only a few divisions, contemptible Marshal French's troops fought like spirits in the town. These Russian regi-

indeed in numbers and armament, but (1) That all men waiting to be called entirely the reverse in gallatitry and devo heroes, and even after a bloody retreat Bento Reeding the newly takea just- tion: Behind them our few reservos, fund retained the discipline and the fritious, fell upon the liquor. Soon there. up for military service or holding à

which enabled them to aid the French at WAS ORY, the soldiers in their basic certificate of temporary or conditional behind both an unarmed and an untrained the Battle of the Marne, to cross real sing open barrels. Others lay upd exemption may appeal to an appeal, and a policy, common all Aisne, and then, side by side with Gaural the ground ficking up the liquid an tribunal, and such tribunal, if it thinks ments to the strictest animum. Neither the culminating effort of the enemy, at Prince Bagration, commanding & C

parties, of peace and of limiting armo

Eoch's valiant troops, to defeat decisively in the gutters, fit, may order a re-examjuntion of such gars, rifles, munitions, clothing, equip men by a medies) or special medical ments, nor a thousand other, things needed.

casă un division, although himself burd board.

for

expansion.of the

The administration of Lord Haldaus présed,,sent squadrons to restore order. That all attested men should have outside the Regular Forces of the Crown had not only given is the Expeditionary The mumbered only 30 men. They were the same rights of appeal as unattested demanded in vain by the Conocedura lished behind it the Special Reserve as arr aed madnen. Finally, they found them. Force in perfected form, but had estabel pless, in the face of a mob of 1,000 (2) That all men who have been called in the United Kingdom, should have the up since April 5th, 1017, and are still right to appear before, and be examined by, an invaliding' medical board. It became elear to the Committee, says the report, on perusing Army Council structions produced by Brigadier-General Geddes (Director-General of Recruiting) Together with other documents which had been issued from time to time, and from the evidence of General Geddes and Surgeon General Sir A. Keogh generally. that the policy which had becu adopted and followed was one open to certain grave objections, in some of which the Director-General of Recruiting himself concurred,

men.

اور

who investigated our military

THE LISTS SET, OUT.

Ypres.

in South Africa. For all serious war, ainda feeder, the Territorial Force as a spolves in the great square in the centre of we were unready, and if there were a grain fe vere

Training Corps is a rosad the Officers the town. Here they were marrounded Corps as a reservoir of young by a large mob of soldiers. The latter of truth, which there is not, in the Ger officers. All parts of this machinery an man lie that we designed or promoted came into play and enabled us to parvy

Fried, ** Away with the firing line! on while the New Armies were maturing Bessian extremists epithet for their Cet on Boorjoos!" (meaning bourgeois, this greatest borror in the history of humanity, then surely overy British Many a Special Reserve battalion has by Minister of the Crown would long since now given 400 officers and 15.000 trained political opponents), have been abandoned to public execration. men as drafts, and their services. Jave It seems the two companies of Germans

been beyond praise. The Territorials

were searching on the town. The debauch-. took over home defence, several first as units and then in divisions in range,

ed soldiery demanded that the Caucasians The should defend the town and them. found our garrisons, notably in India,

advancing Germans met the Caucasians, served in other distant fields, and sona became indistinguishable from the Re

who held them all that night, while be- gulars, Great have been their genit and hind, amidst the burning town and explod valued indeed have been their servier

ing stores, the scenes of orgy contisund Within the dreadfully narrow Emius until at last the Germans retook Kalusz signed to it by policy and finance dre Discipline in the Hussian, Army hus organization of the Old Army and its sunk to the lowest ebb. Only stringent, serves was excellent, and we can look backdedisive, merciless measures can bring it

Frour the day when it first foos in facts published broadcast in the Russian : upon it with just pride.

back to reason. It is useless to conceal France until the present hour our Army Press and even better known to the enemy has steadily grow in number and in- than to us. Disgraceful as these senest proved in armament. With these

new are, they were perpetrated by men mað advantages, and under the comm of dened by drink and freed from the bonds Feld-Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, it has of dissipline. The responsibility rust be become a very terrible instrument, t bat- laid at the door of those who steadily set

For a fortnight in August, 1914, it rained ultimatums and declarations of war. We were stupefind for an instant, The day had une. The day against which great soldiers had warned us to prepare without avail. We had lived so long under the menace of German militarism that wo had almost ceased to believe that "open "nud" avowed aim of mastering Europe would ever begin to receive prae

In a flash the truth tical application. the whole Europeaa situation, and that was revealed that we hat falsely estimated the State policy of our front beaches was bankrupt. We had not even thought cut what we should do to create a great na tional Army in such a crisis, and our Comm- mittee of Imperial Defence proved as bankrupt as the rest..

To take some examples: The policy of having as far as possible a military officer. as president of each board, and of giving to the president an over-riding power over his colleagues was calculated to, and did in fact, work unsatisfactorily. The policy of classifying men, net as they are at the time of examination, but as they probably will be after four months' training, was described by a medien witness as foolish- The military answer proposed by Rustle. But the flow of volunteers begs to to work to undermine discipline. Times ness, and was mercover shown to work sin to the German military laws of 1911 ebb in the year 1918, leaving me do ager. out badly in practice by the War Office 13 was probably the reason why the Gerously depleted at its close, and was werd letter. of February 12, 1917, in which it General Staff determined on War, und von gentually compelled to puss the dia stary was stated that it has been represented

won

in order to secure, ud ade-character of our recruiting, have been th that a large number of men who have been over the Kaiser and his Ministers to their quate supply of men. Volunteeri; had twin causes which have needlessly prolong

Views Austria-Hungary had often pro been a success up to a point, but it had fed the war. classified B2 by recruiting modicnl boards

jected aggression have been found quite unfit for service in Europe, and Germany had restrained her whom a well-designed compulsory a casure the cause.

ini South-Eastern admitted to the Army many skilled non All our Allies, have remained firm in that category on arrival at the units to Now she was slipped from the leash, with would have left at their trades, ca d, fuis with glory.

France has covered herself which they have been posted."

tite murder of Fram. Ferdinand as a use ther, a great number of men fit us become Helgium remains implacably hostile to her Italy has never wavered. OBEDIENCE TO ORDENS.

ful pretext, and Germany took care that officers had been taken, and has falle, violator, Japan has helped us much, if¬ The gaiding rule laid down by nothing should atreso the course of hos in the ranks

not with her Armies. Fortagal is once Brigadier-General Geddes that there is tilities when it had begun,

She hoped

The Service Acts permitted, i about a no man who is able to make his living is for, and believed, in a rapid and success

more at our side. Serbia still remains. million men who should have saved to be in ordinary civil life who cannot be employ ful campaign, the speedy overthrow nf

re though her territory has been ed in the Army somewhere" was followed France, a transfer of German weight to excepted, amongst others the conscientious overrun. Roumania is in the same case. with much too blind an obedience, as in the East, and the immobility of England objectors who were authorized by Par The United States after unexampled An England liament to place private judge' nt above patience in presence of German affronts, deed it was bound to be followed under or at least her impotence. a military régime. It was also clear from unarmed and torn by internal disseusions public duty, a claim and camed of in agy has come into line with us. If the

was to Germany the most contemptible of

other State. The Board of Trade was sinn Revolution, followed as it has been the evidence of General Geddes that the antagonists. She counted so much on our

niso permitted to circulate long list of by dissensions, indiscipline and anarchy, enormously increased numbers of our pre failure to march that she was not prepar exempted trades, which served to defeat has proved an event unfortunate in ita. gent Army, and the introduction of aed for a war at sea, and a large part of

the intentious of Parliament un the coun- immediate consequences, we recall tho system of conscription, with all that con- her merchant fleet became good prize or

try, and from the first to Just 4 pariments heroism of Russia in 1914, 1915, and 1910, seription involves, had radically changed was interned in neutral ports.

combined against the Army to deprive it and refuse to despair of her until she the whole problem of recruiting. The The dastardly invasion of neutral Bel

of men. Never has recruiting been on a despairs of horeplf. work involved was herculean, and the gium by Germina Armies was the imperfectly, satisfactory footing

from an Army point of

ENGLAND AND GERMANY. War Office undoubtedly used the most diately determining cause of the catry But all the of view, and it is not so now. strenuous efforts to perform it, and in of England into the lists, and this act have had the effect of leaving us today Allied Armies and Navics has not been. The fine conduct and courage of the exceptions and exemptions fairness to the military it must be said of infamy united opinion in England with some four or five milling able-bodied danes have been hard hit. Germany has displayed in vain. Germany and her Lask of which they had no experience.uny as nothing else could so entirely men of military ng in civil life as a lost four, and, a half millions of her best.. that they were called upon to undertake and throughout the world against Ger

for which they were unprepared, and son against France was also treacherous

have united it. But Germany's aggres potential reserve, and if the war goes m we shall have to call upon them. The for which our military system was not and base. France had withdrawu all her raising of the age limit to the Grain designed.

in disorder, troops 10 kilometres from the frontier in standard is also open to us, as well as the order to give Germany no pretext for drafting to the front of goat his under 19. war, and it was at this distance from the berder that the first Frenchman was kill

determined that her alliance the Central Powers did not compel

THE HIGHER-IMEKAMION.

The Committee mention Sir A. Kogh's letter of September 16th, 1936, ordering boards it to reject," any man who can perform any kind of work without danger e to himself or to others," and remark that with the it was clear from statistics put in evid her to march in a war of aggression,

of rejections and a large increase in the all their might. The lists, were now full went abroad. Lord Kitchner's predomin- have in the United States an ally to ence that a great fall in the percentage Serbia and Belgium resisted invasion with percentage of meu placed by the boards set out and the German war began. in category A had followed closely upon the issue of this document. How far that was the result of these sceret instructions the Committee are not yet in a position to say. It was, however, clear from the

COMPAÑIA GENERAL DE TABACOS evidence of the deputy directors of

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ENGLAND'S AWAKENING.

the

fighters. Her maritime trade is dead. All her colonies are lost. Her finances are She has incurred the haze of the world for generations to com Her resources are reaching the stage of exhaustion, and her people are hungry and The campaige in Franos has been tick of the war. If the weakerss of Re only one of our military operatius the volutionary Russin brings Germany Ro signed by the Cineral Staff which mak cheap, and artificial laurels, and if her into oblivion when our cading soldiers ppetite for plunder is merely limited by ber impotence to satisfy, it, the Allies. ance in the Cabinet then caused his to balance the Russia disappointment, and be the only military opinion to marry The uprising of Eugland, and of her weight, and until Cctober, 1918, the func

an ally whose population, energy, and. great Dominions, to meet the German tions of our General Staff were virtually resources promise eventually more than challenge was entirely spontaneous, and in ahevance. Within this period there

Russia could ever afford.. cannot faithfully be attributed to the in

were launched three great verses exuperior in numbers, artavient, and e

despite the

We Allies, Russian chaos, fluence of any single great figure either peditions, which have caused us heavy sources, and if our discipline and our remain in politics or war. If Lord Kitchener foss of life, money, war material, and constancy equal those of Germany our medical services themselves that

may loom large to history, and if our tonnage: have dispersed our resources: victory is only a question of time soldiers," they had looked upon these as present Prime Minister has most com.and have not yet brought the war nearer instructions which they were bound 10 pletely embodied the fighting spirit of the to an cud by a single day. The epic of

We have made many mistakes in the obry as anders from their sugarior officer people in presence of a great wrong, it the suffering of our troops in Mesopo But, viewing the war as a whole, and the Dardanelles with its futile heroism, war, and some reputations have been lost. was the people themselves, and all At the time when the Commitice peuple in all classes, who regarded the tamin, and the long-drawn-out tortures taking into account all the immense appointed it was common knowledge that quarrel as their own, and almost before of Salonika, are stories of heroism and responsibilities which have been thrown grave distrust and suspicion existed we knew how we stood a great national of constancy which will add many bright upon us, we believe that history the minds of the public with regard to the

pages to 43r military history. He they speak well of our generation, and will work of the reeuiting medical boards. by May, 1915, no less than 1,230,312 Re were largely political campaigns two of count it worthy of the past. Almost al It may cary vet; he that the percentage of gular recruits and 460,611 Territorials, them were prompted by our Allies; and then and women of the British race as errors by bourds was amull, whether those and the largest intake in any one week all withdrew force from the principal home and overseas have done their bert, errors were due to boud hele mistakes or was in that ended ou September 5th, 1914, theatre, where we needed every man and according to their lights and opportuni Liind obedience to orders. But in deal when 174,901 Regular recruits enlisted. us that we could get.

ties. We have endured without a mur ing with such large numbers a small per No question of compulsion could crise

ur the loss of our dearest and best. The centage of error produces a large volume while this tide was flowing, and all home severely animadverted upon the defin any single particular. The Dominions Two inquiries held upon the war bave country has never failed its Government. of individus injustice and individual staffs were completely overwhelmed by it. hardship. Practically every one know of Everything, from the commonest neces- ciency of our War Cabinets, and were and India have been as steady and cou and was effected by some such individual Sity upwards, was wanting to house Palestine, and Home Defence the story spared nothing to help, our Allies ova other inquiries to investigate Salonika, ageous as the Mother Country. We have. cases, and the evidence which, had been clutke, equip, arm, and train these masses Palestine, and Hon elicited by the Committee had converted any hardships while all the things need- of men, who uncomplainingly suffered

The role played in moments of our bitter need. We a well-ordered States by the Cabiner lave stead united against the enemy of distrust and suspicion into absolute co-ed by them were laboriously collected. which lays down policy, and by the War mankind, and we have remained con- tainty,

The Committee therefore felt strongly immeasurable

The want of rifles, in particular, caused or General Staffs, which make plans and tempingusly tolerant of the few unconsci

advise upon the measures and the forens ous agents of Germany in our widst. Our that something should be done, and done put did not amount to 150,000 filter necessary to carry policy, inte, effect, people as a whole are not suffering, and promptly, to restore public confidence,nually. It was soon found that the tools perfectly well known, but except in the are not short of anything that matters. and to prevent further avoidable wrong and gauges necessary for the construction cast of our expedition to France the prin. Not one square inch of British territory As a result the Committee, passed the reof rifles could not rapidly be provided, ciples conscerated by experience have been is in the occupation of the enemy, and the solution in favour to the Local Govern and for months, if not years, many bat daregarded. We have never placed in spirit of the people is as al ment Board, and now state that while de talions remained unarmed. The tragedy France more than a quarter of the ag as set on victory as it was when the making such formal recommendations as one months after the declaration secondary operations amount in the 48 In that spirit, in a firm belief in tho barred by the terms of reference from of the rifles and the shells seareely bears Safe number of German divisions in trumpet note of duty called England into

telling oven now. It was not till May

the field, and our forces dispersed in the field Lord Derby indicated namely, the ref war, that the first division of the New regale to as many men as we have rifles justice of our cause, and with implacable moval of the whole of the recruiting Ardies diseoburked in France, and it

in France. We have not yet encountered determination to achieve our ends, ve from A to Z from the War Office to a

was not until after the lapse of two years single complete Gerwan division in our have reached the end of three years of eivilian department-they desire to ex of war that the guns, shells, and other secondary campaigns which have wasted war. Whether hostilities continue, for press their general approval. General munitions required to place our troops oo.

our strength witacos a corresponding re longer or a shorter time we can go on. Geddes made it clear in his evidence that an equality, with the enemy in point of duction of the forces of our principal We are coolly convinced of our ability both he and Sir Neville Maeready would armament were found for them. It was remy in the main theatre. This disper to win, and shall go forward in that con 10a, DES VEUX ROAD. HONGKONG concur in Lord Derby's proposal and con on the question of high-explosive shells sign of force, and the unsatisfactory viction until we reach the haven of a

sidered it perfectly feasible.

that the Liberal Government fell, and it (Continued at foot of next column.) ourable peace,

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