1917-07-23 — Page 7

Aerial Activities.

[THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]-

AERIAL SUPERIORITY.

HARD WORK BY BRITISH;

LONDON, July 20th. Reuter's Correspondent at Headquarters reports that the past week has been mark ed by the hardest and the most continued aerial fighting of the war, notwithstand- ing the unfavourable weather. Our saro. planes brought down 42 enemy machines and our guns shot down three, while 43 were put out of control. Our losses were 31, and the disproportion represents the average measure of our supremacy The most notable feature has been the size of the enemy" formations, Our airmen ep- countered groups of from 30 to 40 machines, but when these large formations "wers attacked they invariably lost tactical <cohesion.

BRITISH AEROPLANE OUTFUT

AIR BOARD'S PLANS.

LONDON, July 20th. The Daily Mail publishes a general outline of the Air Board's plans for aero plane construction, which, that journal declares, is at length to be organised on. la scale commensurate with the shell pro- duction after Mr. Lloyd George's cam paign two years ago..

vast

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, JULY 28RD, – 1817.

THE COMING TRIUMPH OF

DEMOCRACY. BEGINNING TO MAKE ITS VOICE HEARD

BY THE COUNTESS OF WARWICK]

is in certain aspects & violent prelude to We are all aware that the world war changes that will be no less violent in result. Prophecy, always dangerous, is the forces at work in Europe are incal more than ever dangerous just now, for culable, but the Russian Revolution has thrown an almost blinding light upon the modern democratic tendencies. The people have endured hereditary rulers and seret diplomacy, while distrusting both. To-day the endurance has well-nigh reached its limits, and the distrust bas crats and those who governed for them magnified itself a thousand-fold. Auto- had one paramount duty in the eyes of the people; it was to preserve and develop indifference of the rank and file bad the civilisation that fate or chance or the entrusted to their cars. In return for the and in some faint hope that the spirit of proper maintenance of essential things, progress would spread in time even to the were permitted to remain potent and Courts and the Chancelleries, potentates diplomatists were left to, carry out their dubious business. within four walls and. without let or hindrance.

kings.

PRIVILEGE BEFORE PATRIOTISM. The price of this concession to old con ventions aid antiquated methods has been too heavy for the world to endure. The last (let us hope) of the Romanoff dynasty bag fallen because he placed privilege before patriotism. To have carried on the war with the necessary vigour would, be feared, result in the rapid growth of liberal institutions, in the manifestation 10 the humblest moujik of the absurdity of all theories of the divine right of that they are singularly lacking in the Long experience of kings shows

The paper says there will be a

casence of divinity, and that their rights concentration of manufacturing energy fact by the aid of their least scrupulous are a fiction that can only be treated as a for this purpose and a process of amalga.servants whose appeat is ever to the lowest Sanation for securing large works, em-senses of the unthinking. aploying thousands instead of hundreds. In the crowned republic of Great. Bri- The Board has spent three months tain and in the republics of France and eliminating inferior designs, searching America there has always been some for materials and placing contracts for measure of freedom for all; in Russia, supplies of seroplanes, for two months Austria, Italy and the German Empire ahead, meanwhile maintaining the sup-

more than two hundred million people plies of aeroplanes on every front. No have been slaves, even if they knew it not. thing, says the paper, has been heard dom, and their appointed lenders have One-half of these have declared for free outside of this great task, which is now applied common-sense to some of the successfully socomplished. So vast are greatest the requirements of our air feet that Poles, Finns, Jews have already learned problems confronting them. the whole year's output of Honduras what democracy stands for, and should a mahogany has been insufficient for the counter-revolution requirements. In this great effort, the from another quarter break out, their or sonie catastrophe. United States and Canada will take an experiences, however brief, should make a iimportant part in supplying raw mate- Irial. The only doubt is whether the

return to the old régime impossible.

Even this man-power of this country is equal to democratie in the near future than it has country will be more the task.

been in the past. Already serious Royalists have recorded their belief that for the security of the future the kings of England must be free to choose thoir wives from among their own people, and no longer marry within the limited sphere of Royalties who are in the great majority of cases, unfit and sometimes degenerate. The old gang must be broken up, it breeds dangerous alliances, unhealthy friend ships and tendencies to run counter to the vital needs of the people. Had not the sympathies of Europe's rulers been with the autocracy the Russian revolution that followed the Japanese wat would have proved a triumphant success.

Russian bront.

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.}

RUSSIAN REGIMENT'S

TREACHERY.

VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT AND REFUSAL TO OBEY ORDERS.

LUNOON, July 20th,

Without Court intrigues the position in Greece would not have been so disadvan tageous to the best interests of that country. We have to face the truth that

ELECTORAL REFORM.

THE SERVICE VOTE AND WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE.

In moving the second reading 'of the Representation of the People Bill, Sir

tant figures: George Cave gave the following impor-

1

That in view of the preoccupation of the Ministry, of Parliament, and of the people by the efforts and anxieties of the war, it is undesirable at the present tims to proceed further with the con sideration of legislation which enacts far-reaching changes in the franchise, without providing that a reasonable proportion of soldiers and sailors will be able to vote at the next election.

WAR AND DEMOCRACY. WHY THE KAISER FEARS TO STATE HIS WAR-ARME STRIKING ADDRESS BY LORD MERSEY

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In the Botanical Theatre of University Mala voters in 1915. 8,307,000 ly delivered the Rhodes Lecture, taking College, London, Viscount Mersey recent- Additional male voters added by

the billy

for his subject The War and Donie- 2,000,000 Wonten

ers added by the bill. 6,000,000 cracy." The Earl of Halsbury presided.

At the outset Lord Mersey drew utten- Total electorate

16,357,000tion to the extension of democratic power Of the six million women to receive a already brought about by the war, and to vote at the age of 30 it is cutimated that the promise which the war holds out of 5,000,000 will be married women.

further extension in the same direction

amendment :-

in the future. Up till March inst, mong Colonel Sanders moved the following all the Allies there was only one with

autocratic Government, and it is that alone, which has broken down. great constitutional change brought about The first by the war was the destruction of the most autocratic Government in the world. The Governments of the other Allies were they be kingdoms or republics, for behind all formed on democratic lines, whether the differing forms is heard in each ease the voice of the people wisely regulated, and expressing the people's will. The best example of an ordered democracy is Mr. H. Samuel said Lord H. Cecil had our own-the outcome of centuries of asked the Government why they had human thought and effort, If proof were brought forward the bill at such a time, needed it would be found in the ardent Did the noble lord consider that the next loyalty by which our Constitution is sup election should take place on the present ported throughout the kingdom itself and register? Obviously there must be a new throughout the magnificent Dominions register, and if they had a new register and Dependencies by which the kingdom THE "TOLLY-GUNGE.” they could not deny to the soldiers and is surrounded. sailors the right to take their shore in hearts of his people, and is himself the Our King lives in the

to come after the war. It was impossible the British Empire which flourishes in an election which was to decide what was outward manifestation of their will. For. for the Government to avoid dealing with all parts of the earth a kingship such as the question of woman suffrage. He was that with which we are blessed is the very glad that the Government had not visible embodiment of our nationality." spite of the obvious difficulties in ascerit, with the result that we have all hearts shelved the question of redistribution, in All communities are linked together by nining what was now the population of beating as one in devotion to the Throne. sorry to think that if the electorate were any particular district, He would bo Though, as bad been said, an autocracy doubled the size of Parliament would also

is more likely to wage war with success than a democracy, it must have the people be doubled,

at its back. That was not the case with construction Committee, said Le had been

Mr. I. Scott, as a member of the Re-Government was corrupt,, inimoral, and the late Government of Russia. That profoundly impressed by the immense If the Russian autocracy had been able variety and magnitude of the problems and willing to throw off the insidious in- was fighting to support its own autocrasy, which had to be solved if the new nation ucace of German intrigue and had been moulded by the war was to have its path aided by honest statesmen along the lines set on broad lines of national prosperity which the Allies were following, there that a settlement of those very controver would not have, been required. happiness, and well-being. sial questions by practical agreement on because the Government betrayed the

He believed

would have been no revolution, for it the lines of the present bill would achieve people that a revolution in favour of it was

of the Romanoffs from the political scene. democracy became not only possible but right. No one would lament the passing The family cane originally from Prussia: a bad beginning, and its history has bloodshed on the one hand, and of assas been a miserable record of tyranny and sination on the other. The concession of the Duma in 1905 was altogether illusory, and was granted merely to quietes, the discontent which had been caused by the unpopular and disastrous war

with Japan. In the autocracy of the Russian Government there was no room for any constitutional safeguards. The thing was a sham. Nevertheless, the Duma developed in another direction, and final- Mr. Hayes Fisher said the bill was a

ly, like Frankenstein's monster, became a most comprehensive measure of Parlia real and terrible powers,

ver destined in a mentary reform, and was a compromise. few years to destroy its creator. If it was not the country would have to

The formation of the new democratic Govern go through the turmoil of turning out ment was more or less in the air, but one Government and putting in another. If the bill did not carry out the full pur- the aims which it will set before itself and am convinced," said Lord Mersey, that poss of the resolution of the Speaker's the nations are clear and definite the Conference, by which sailors and soldiers firm establishment of its new-formed would not only be entitled to vote, but democracy and the attainment of peace.

the result. (Hear, hear.)

to any of the main principles of the bill Sir G. Reid said he was not opposed except the new experiment of propor- tional representation. But he asked what of all parties had agreed to sink their about the political truce under which men

bohind the country in different opinions, and stand solidly the prosecu- tion of the war. The war must be our supreme concern, and we ought not to throw the country into the melting pot while the war was being waged.. As to woman suffrage, he was heartily in favour of the compromise.

THREE ALTERNATIVES.

A wireless Russian official message all potentates, whatever the quarrels for would be given an opportunity of voting,It recognises, however, that neither of

in the direction of Vilna. The enemy persistently attacked twenty miles to the blood of their best and bravest subjects, south of Brody. At firet all the attacks have one common interest the preserva were repulsed, but one regiment between tion of their class rights. There is no Butkov and Manajov left the trenches and king living who does not hate and fear voluntarily retired, with the result that republics, there is none who is prepared to the neighbouring units were forced to permit the will of the people to assert retire, thus giving the enemy sa oppor. itself to the extent of choosing its rulers tunity to derclop his success. Our failure if by force or fraud he can invalidate was largely due to the influence of Ex such an election." transigts.

GERMAN CLAIM.

THE PRICE OF AUTOCRACY.

being to make it

*

ment would very carefully amendments in Committee to ensure that that was carried out.

upas consider tree of Prussian militarism oversha

dows its country. That free has to be hown down before anything else can be First, there was the alternative of using changed, for her impurities have been cast

What were the alternatives to this bill all parties are agreed."

done That is the one sim about, which the old register for the next election-acut, but the aspirations of her people have Russia bas

ester now three years old. He did not not changed. They were, and they re believe in that case there would be moremain, the sume as ours, and will prevail. than a 40 per cent, vote all over the coun

militarism,

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Several detachments, on being ordered waged for power and place, a straggle we

The struggle that the aristocracy has ry. There would be na soldiers and sail. In tracing the effect of the war upon undupport their comrades, heid mcotings democrats have watched with ingedarians, nonagenarianslaughter) a few to the large numbers in the United States ors voting--just septuagenarians, octogen the civilised world, Lord Mersey referred and discussed the advisability of obeying amusement and disgust, is as nothing to vice on account of their unusual skili in and Austrian manhood, and who would orders. Some refused to obey and the the struggle that emperors and kings are

young men exempted from military ser who were the best examples of German efforts of the Commanders and Commit-waging throughout their lives. Lees were fruitless.

Take their occupations, the conscientious obnow fight with us and for us vindica. their privilege away, and not only they infirm physically.

jectors, and those who were absolutely tion of the great democratic principles The Austriane and Germans occupied a but nearly all their relations fall at once thinkable (Cheers.) The second alterna-elected to adopt. A's long ago as 1971,"

The thing was

which they and their forebears have. partion of the first line to the east of into the ranks of the unit. It is only the tise was to bring the register up to date. said the lecturer, The Daily Telegraph, Brzezany, also at Bludniki and westward inherent indifference and conservatism of that would leave out practically all sol the pioneer of popular journalism in this sive on July 17th and captured a height that the price of autocracy amounts to of Halic. The premy resumed the offen- enabled rulers to rule so long, and now werkers. The third alterna- without liberty it would only be a gilded

the majority of the people that has southward of Novica. Our cavalry and four or five million dead and to sevenle n

"diers and sailors and an enormous erowcountry warned the German Empire that infantry drove back the enemy and re- stored the position.

tive suggested was: Why don't you bring despotism, politically weak in spite of ite million pounds of the world's in a special ad hoc register, and put on

in spite of its schools and is not even paid at that,

it all members of his Majesty's Forres and universitice. Her young men fores who have fought for us? But that would saw this, and fled to what was cited in voice heard.

Russia as an empire was the stuntbling-block, Russsa as a republic

open up the whole @nestion of those days the Land of the Brave and the great franchise

Free. They made a wise choice, for how supreme encouragement, while, keener Sir F. Banbury said that lodgers in proved

true the journalist's forecast has than the thrust of a sword, President London could be moved from one constituing of its people, the German Government Notwithstanding the learn Wilson's message to Congress tore the last ency to another under this bill in anti- had never been wise, as had again been raga and tatters from the loathsome figure cipation of an election, and thus could shown by its acts of folly in this war. of autocracy. It was a new Declaration defeat the real opinion of a constituency. There were examples in the incident of of Independence given to Europe by the It was said that women had done well in the scrap of paper," act and America's werd have gone far to well? greatest democracy in the world. Russia's the war Who expected them, not to do Great Britain, the declared policy of the defiance of save Europe, to guarantee that the

schrecklichkeit, the wasting of Belgium, enormous and heart-rending sacrifices of the past three years shall not prove

the sinking of unarmed ships with inno- bugators

rent lives on board, the murder of Nurse Cavell, the wrecking of open towns by am well assured that the end of the age limit, he said, could not stand, the unterset wickedness, and now the use

a that the end of A A ministering angel thou. (Cheers.) autocracy is upon us, and that in the

Zeppelins, the defilement of churches, the future the lives of men will no more be and if all women were enfranchised there of wolf-hounds against helpless prisoners. impudent offer of peace in October last, sacrificed to territorial ambitions than to would he 22,000,000 votes on the register These acts are not the acts of civilised A German evening official message of diplomatic wobs and dangerous intri- 10,000,000 men.

"religious" differences. The old spinners of whom 12,000,000 would be women and beings; they are the acts of brutal fouls, states:-Between the Bereth and the gues must needs follow their masters into had always been followed by a dissolu- assisting their perpetrators to win the Stryph we are closely puraning the re-

Previously reform bil's the commission of which, so far from treating encay.

oblivion, and the workers will see to it in tion. Was this bill to be followed by a the future that he does not quarral to dissolution. It so, what of the war war, have had the effect of ranging all any man's order, and that he permite no The House bad so far prolonged its own lamany and Austria at first, no doubt, doubted that it will revive again and with

peoples of the earth against them. Both man to hold the power in involving his life to avoid e dissolution, country in a war of aggression.

hoped to turn the Russian revolution The millennium is not in sight

Mr. Long said the Government had been their own advantage by making a separate

reddoubled vigour The German Kaiser When asked if they would drop the bill in the peace with Russia, but, thought Lord is not now fighting for his people; he is the possibility of world quarrels has been event of women's suffrage not being ear Mersey, the idea of removed with those who make them, a long ried The Government had decided to be dismissed as not within practical tion to stating his war aims is not because separate peace may fighting for his own dynasty, His objec and bitter struggle will be needed to act leave that question and also the subject politica. The Russian offensive will be he does not want his foss to know the ADVANCE IN MESOPOTAMIA fairplay Facts instead of words. But judgment of the House, and to give a it had never beforo-effective and sincere. would realise that they are directed to our house in order to freedom, liberty and of proportional representation to the free resumed, and this time it would be what but because he does not want his own

was possible while all the world reply to the question that had been asked As for Germany itself, they must re-

We

LONDON, July 20th. A wireless Gorman official message states:We advanced between the Sereth and Zlatalipa through three strong zones of defouce. The enciny suffered sanguin- arily and retreated in disorder. made prisoners of a few thousand.

There is increased artillery activity at Jacobstadt, Danaburg Smorgon, on the Stockhed, and between the Zlotalipa and the Dneister. We repulsed the Russians near Novica

LONDOS, July 21st,

The Near East.

THROUGH BRUTER'S AGENCE.]

LONDON, July 18th.

A Mesopotamia official report states

We engaged the Turks in the direction of Ramadich on the Euphrates, and in Hicted considerable losses,

We have advanced twelve miles up the Euphrates during the last ten days. The extreme boat prevented further advance.

O weren, in our hours of ease. Uncertain, cos and hard to please. When parin and anguish wring the bru

to

ESTABLISHED

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(32

emperors and chancellors held firework hear.) It was quite obvious that the became in the Reichstag immediately and not to the prosperity of the people. was 2 powder magazine upon which would be to weight the seales. (Hear, member how powerful the Labour party the aggrandisement of the Hohenzollerns, exploded Now that the magazine has action of the Government could only be before the way, how threatening to Ger Bo far as this country is concerned, the it does not build another, and that in Committee and Report, and they knew feeling which then induced the electorate Dominions are important matters of de it is for democracy to see that decided when the bill had passed through man autocracy, and how ominous The Irish problem and our relations with the the future it does not deal in fireworks or what the bill was.

in its endeavour can this war make stone in emperors Only if democracy succeeds ment to long-suffering, stricken humanity.

Daily Chronicle.

return the representatives of Labour is lost by 239 votes to 402

Upon a division the amendment was not dead; it is suspended because of the but, the war once over, could it be (Continued at foot of next column.)

The bill was then read a second time.

War

mocratic principle with which we were bound to deal without delay. Dreadful as thig war has been, it is serving a great need the awakening of all peoples to their right to govern themselves.

[268

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