1917-07-11 — Page 6

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, JULY 11cm, 1817.

CUTLER PALMER & CO'S GENERAL SMUTS ON AFTER leading to lasting results. Here you have

NAPIER JOHNSTONE'S

Known as the

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ESTABLISHED

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sut from ALL Wins MunozanES,

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SOLE AGENTS. MITSU BUSSAN KAISHA TEL. No. 230 or 155.

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SZTRES DESENIARIES KITNRASKE. WITHOUT LINKITSYNA,

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SOUTH BRASTARFIRED TO ALLGEMEINE FADDEN

140

WAR PROBLEMS.

MONARCHY ESSENTIAL.

BRITISH EMPIRE'S EXAMPLE TO

THE WORLD

Lieut. General Smuts was - entertain ment at a banquet given by members of both Houses of Parliament in the Royal Gallery at the House of Lords, as briefly recorded in our cable columns at the time. Field-Marshal Viscount French presided over a company numbering about 230.

THE MILITARY AHT.

|

was Rome, and so is India, but we tre

THE KAISER'S THRONE.

ELECTIVE EMPIRE OR GERMAN REPUBLIC.

developmentTM He writes:-

"It is now more than a year since I

that the King is not merely your King, but he is the King of all of us. Ho re- presents every part of the whole Common- wealth of Nations. If his place is to be taken by anybody else, then that somehody will have to be elected by a process which,

Lord Esher, in a letter, dated from I think, will pass the wit of man to de France on May 8th to Mr Joh vise. (Hear, hear.) Therefore let us be thankful for the mireies we have. We Samuel, Glasgow, throws a startling light. have a kingship here which is really not on the position of the German Imperial very different from a hereditary Republic, family in the face of recent political and I am sure that more and more in the future the trend will be in that direction, and I shall not be surprised to see the time when our Royal princes, instead of getting their Consorts among the princelings of Central Europe, will go to the Dominions and the outlying por- tion's of the Empire. (Pronged cheers.). I think that in the theory of the future of this great Empire it it impossible to attach too much importance to this - stitution which we have existing and which can be developed, in my opinion, to the greatest uses possible for its future preservation and development. (Hear, hear) It will, of course, be necessary to go further than that. It is not only the symbol of unity, which you have in the Royal ruler, but you will have to develop further common sustitutiona.

have been able to leave France, but our home-coming is not for off, thanks to Siz Douglas Haig's tongeity and high gifta of command, thanks to his magnificent troops, and thanks to the new spirit that Mr. Lloyd George has breathed into the

fut

Nothing is moru, conduct of the war, indicative of the failure of Germany's high hopes than the attempt of the ruling classes to make their penes with the people bafore the day of vengeance.

He goes on to quote from a letter writ ten from Berlin by a Polish officer to ■ friend in Switzerland describing the die- cussion in the Commission of the Reich

tag on the proposed amendments to Article 17 of the Constitution to limit the Kaiser's powers, and make the Chancellor Ha, pro- responsible to the Reichstag, ceeds:

from all parts of the British Empire a system of nations, a community of young men gathering on the battlefields of States and of nations far greater than say Europe, and whilst your statommen keep empire which has ever existed; and by planning a great scheme of union for the using this ancient expression we really future of the Empire my feeling is that obscure the real fact that we are larger very largely the work is already done and that our whole position is different, The spirit of comradeship hus been born and that we are not one nation, or state in this campaign on the battlefields of or empire, but we are a whole world by Europe, and many of the men from the ourselves, consisting of many nation and various parts of the Empire will be for states, and all sorts of communities der more powerful than any instrument of one Ing. We are a system of states, not government that you can elect in the only a static system, a stationary system, future I feel sure that in after days, but a dynamic system, growing, evolving when our successors come to sum up what all the time towards new destinies. Here has happened and draw up a balance you have a kingdom with a number of sheet, there will be a good credit balance Crown colonies; besides that you have due to this common feeling of comrade large protectorates like Egypt, which is ship which will have been built up. Now an empire in itself, which was one of once more, as many ages ago during the the greatest empires in the world. Besides, Field-Marshu! Viseulant French, pro Roman Empire, the Germanic volcano that you have great dependencies: like posing the toast of the evening, said is in eruption, and the whole world is India-an empire in itself, one of the The eminent General whom we are enteraking. No doubt in this great evolu- oldest civilisations in the world, and we taining at this moment justly shines tion you are faced in this country with are busy there trying to see how East amongst us as a highly successful comthe most difficult and enormous problems and West can work together, how the mander in the field, and it is in the light which any Government or people have forces that have kept the East going can of his great military talents that the ever been called upon face--problems be worked in conjunction with the ideas whole Empire to-day regards him, of world wide strategy, of man power, we have evolved in Western civilisation (Cheers.) I am glad of the opportunity communications, food supply, of overy for normous problems within that State to recall a period of time sixteen years imaginabe kind and magnitude, so large But beyond that we come to the so-called ago, a time to which the General himself that it is almost beyond the wit of man Dominions, a number of nations and has more than once cloquently referred to solve them, and it is intelligible that Slate almost sovereign, almost independ Everyone admits that it would be since he has been in this eventry, when where you have so many diffenltips toont who govern themselves, who have been necessary to devise better machinery for I had the honour (and I feel it to have face one forgets to keep before one's evolved on the principles of your con- common consultation than we have, had bern a great hongur) of opposing him in.

eye the situation as a whole. And yet stitutional systein, now almost independ hitherto. (Hear, hear.) So far we have the field. With consummate bravery and that is very necesSITY,

ent States, and who all belong to this relied upon the Imperial Conforetice ability he commanded the Boer forces in

group, to this community of nations, which meets every four years, and which, Cap Colony throughout the last your of

This interesting letter went on to state which I prefer to call the British Com however useful for the work it has dong the South African War. General Smuts It is most essential that even in this unwealth of nations. Now, younger that hitherto, has not, in my opinion, been that the abdication of the Emperor of the took, as we know, a large and important bitter struggle, even when Europe is no political ideas that we evolved in the complete auccess. (Hear, heat) It will Imperial Crown was mentioned at Ham- pars in the conduct of the first two years looming so large before our eyes we past, no nomenclature will apply to this be necessary to devise better means for burg at the recent meeting of the Sover of the war, but I prefer to choose, as an should keep before us the whole situa world which is comprised in the British achieving our ends. certain pre-eigns of Germany and Austria, and that illustration of his military genius that tion. We should it steadily, Empire; any expression, any name which endent has been laid of calling in Government, circles and in public the part of the campaign for which he had

and see it whole. (Bear, hear.) we have found so far for this group has the Prime Ministers and representa reconstitution of an elective federal the sole responsibility, and in which I would ask your not to forget in been insuficient, and I think the mantives from die Empire of Indin to empire is openly discussed as an alter- bad the best reason to feel and appre these times the British Commonwealth of who would discover the real appropriate the Imperial Cabinet, and we have seen native to a German Republic, which for ciate his power and ability as an oppon nations. (Hoar, henr.) Do not forget name for this vast system of entities the statement made by Lord Curzon that many reason appears more difficult of realization. The writer adds thas the PAL. "If von im. A great general," said that larger world which is made up of would be doing a great service not only it is the intention of the Government unpopularity of the Crown Prince is so Silo to Marius, come and fight me, "If you be a great general" teplit all the nations that belong to the Empire. to this country, but to constitutional to perpetuate that practices in future.general that, were the Imperial form of

(Hear, hear) Bear in mind that after theory,

Although we have not yet the details of government to be retained on an elective all Europe is not so large, and will not The question is, how are you going to the scheme, and we have to wait for a com-rasis Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria always continue to loom so large as it provide for the future government of this plete exposition of the subject from his would, even in Prussia, command incre present. (Chiers) Even now in the group of nations? It is an entirely new Majesty's Government, yet it is clear that rotes, that the present heir to the imperish struggle the pace of Europe is being per problem. If you want to see how great in an institution like that you have a throne. manently slowed down. Your Empire it is, you must take the United States in far better instruinent of common consul spread all over the world, and even where comparison. There you find what is s

"No one," he adds, "who knew Ger tation than you have in the old Imperial many in 1913 would recognize it to-day the pace is slowed down in one portion satialong nation, not perhaps in the Conference, which was called only every after three years of war. Here in Franco it is accelerated in another, and you have fullest seist, but more and more growing four years, and which discussed a number the spirit of the people rises daily. When to keep the whole before you in order into one, one big State: consisting of of subjects which were not really of suem momentary check causes disappoint to judge fairly and ganely of the factors subordinate parts, but whatever the no-first-rate importance. After all, what you ment among the soldiers or critical which affect the whole.

menclature of the United States Constitu-want is to call together the most import observation by the politicians, the people f tion, you have one national State, "over ant statesmen in the Empire from time retain their steadiness and confidence. oue big, contiguous area. That is the to time-say once a year, or as often as These are the stable features in the found necessary to discuss struggle, That the battles of the Somme problem presented by the United States, may be and for which they discovered this federal matters which concern all parts of the and of Artois are the decisive battles of solution, which means subordinate gov Empire in common, and in order that the war no one in France doubts, and causes of friction and misunderstanding nothing will over shake the gratitude of ernments for the subordinate parts, but one national Federal Parliament for the may be removed. (Hear, hear.) A com the French people to the British regi- mon policy should be laid down, to determents that have won back from the enemy whole,

mine the true orientation of our Imperial the violated soil of France." policy.

GERMANISH, SWEFT OUT.

JON

`GROWTH OF. FREE NATIONS, .

Marius to Silo. compel me, to fight you." I say, without hesitation, that day after day, week after week, month after month, our distinguished guest, with every disadvantage in the way of numbers, arms, transport, equipment, and supply, cluded all my attempts to bring him to decisive retion, and impressed me for more than any opponent. I have ever met with his power as n great commander and leader of men." (Cheers.) The British Army has, as 1-hope and believe,

I wish to say a few words to-night on fairly arned a reputation for conducting. war with that generous chivalry which this subject, because I think there is a can alone justify it in the eyes of tendency sometimes to forget certain as eivilisation, and I rejoice to look back pects of the great questions with which into the past, and to realise how our

wo are now confronted. That is one of enemy of that time, commanded by such the reasons why I am glad the Imperial nen as Botha and Smuts, continually Conference was called at this time, ap yied with us in the constant maintenance parantly a very opportune moment, and of those finer sentiments which brave yet the calling of this Conference at this enemies should pror cultivate (Chenry) time has already directed attention once

"Compark with that state of facts this

COMMON VOHEIGN POLICY, I have referred to General Smuts as a more to that other aspect of "the whole

the thing that matters so much as the grant leader and a great statraman. It situation which is so important to us, enormous system comprised in the British

Take foreign policy, for instance, “un

spirit that actuates the whole system of is to my mind an extraordinary fact Remember, it is not only Europe that we Empire of nations all over the world, that some of the grantest buldiers in the have to consider but also the future of some independent, living under diverer which the fate of the Empire may from its parts. That seems to me to be world's history have not made the pro- this great commonwealth to which we all conditions, and all growing towards great. time to time dopend. I think it is highly your mission. You talk about an Im fession of arms the chief dudy of their belong. It is peculiarly situated; it is er nations than they are at present You desirable that at least once a year the perial mission. It seems to me this lives. We know that Cromwell, Le scattered over the whole world; it is not can see at once that the solution which most important leaders of the Empire British Empire has only one mission, Grant, and other famous soldiers were a compact territory; it is dependent for his been found practicable in the case should be called together to discuss these and that is a mission for greater liberty and freedom and self-development.. tot brought up to lead men in the field, its very existence on world-wide com of the United States probably never will matters, and to determine a common and it may hardly be tid even in the munications, which must be maintained work under our vatem. That is what policy, which would then be carried out Yours is the only system that has ever case of the great Napoleon himself that or this Empire goes to peers. In the feel in all the empires of the past, and in detail by the various executive Gor-worked in history where a large number the militure art alune engaged. his con-

past thirty years you see what has hape in the United States the effort has ernments of the commonwealth nations of nations have been living in unity. stunt thought. Our guest of to-night will pened. Everywhere on your communicare towards torming one nation. All This Imperial Council or Cabinet will Talk about the League of Nations you are the only league of nations that has go down to history with the other great tions Germany has settled down, every empires that we have known in the past not themselves exercise executive fime

ever existed; and if the line that I am namos e lising illustrations of what we where upon your communications of the and that exist to-day are founded on the tions, but they will ny down the policy mean when we talk of horn leaders of whole globe you will find a German colony idea of assimilation, of trying to force which will be carried out by the Govern sketching here is correct you are going to men. (Cheers,) Personally. I do not here at there, and the day would have different human material through onents of the various parts of the Empire be an even greater league of nations in know which I un prandest of, haring come when your Empir weald have been mould wis as to form one nation. Yen A system like that, although it looks the future; and if you are true to your Crossed words with him, or fought hy in very grout jeopardy from your lines whole idea and basis is entirely dismall, must in the end lead to very nald traditions of self-government and

fernt. You do not want to standardise portant results and very grent changes. his side. Both as an opponent and as auf communication being cut. friend he has taught us all great lessons.

the nations of the British Empire. You You cannot settle a common policy for this vision of your future and your Now, one of the by-products of this want to develop them into greater nation.] the whole of the British Empire without mission, who knows that you may not exercise far greater and more beneficent (Cheers,)

war haghen, that the whole world hood. These younger communities the changing they policy very considerably The toast was honoured by the singing my Germany has been swept from stories like that of my own people, which

nutside Europe has been cleared of the offspring of the Mother Country, or ter from what it has born in the past, because influence on the history of mankind than

you have ever done before? of "For he's a jolly good fellow,"

the sens, and from all continents except have been Annexed after various visis SPEECH OF GENERAL SMUTS,

Central Europe. Whilst Germany has situdes of war-all these you want not he gaining ground in Central Europe to mould on any common pattern, but you want them to develop according to the prmciples of self-government and freedom and liberty Cheers.) There for Your whole basic idea is different from anything that has ever exist before, either in the empires of the inst or even in the United States.

Lieut-General Smuts, in reply, said

from the rest of the world she has been

the policy will have to be for one thing. for simpler. We do not understand In the welter of confusion which is diplomatie finesse in other parts of the probably going to follow the war in Empire (Laughter.) We go by large Europe you will stand as the one system principles, and things which can be easily where liberty to work successfully has understood by our undeveloped demo kept together divers communities. You cracies. If your foreign policy is going may be sure the world such as will be to rest, not only on the basis of your surrounding you in the times that are Cabinet here finally on the whole of the coming will be very likely to follow your You may become the real British Empire it will have to be a example. simpler and more intelligible policy, nucleus for the world-government for the which will, I am sure, lead in the end to futura. There is no doubt that is the have made a successful start; and if you less friction, and the greater safety of the way things will go in the future. You keep on the right track your Empire will Empire (Hear, hear.)

be a solution of the whole problems.

PRIZE WITHIN OUR GRASP,

Even since I have come to this country, about two months ago. I have received swept clean and therefore, you are nothing but the test profound and in this position--almest provide charming kindness and hospitality, which tially brought to this position that once las culminated in this unique banquet more you can consider the problem of to might. I appreciate it all the more your Enture as a whole. When peace because I know it is given at a time when conís to be made you have all these parts the greatest storm in the world's history in your hand, and you can go carefully think that this is the fundamental into the question of what is neces9275. is raging, and when nobody in this cous try or grest city feels inclined to indulge for your future security, and your future fact which we have to bear in mind that iu any festivities or banquets. When safety as an Empire, and you can say, the British Empire, or this British Com return home I shall be able to tell the so far as it is possible under war circum.monwealth of Nations, does not stand for Of course, no ste will ever dispute the people of South Africa that I have beru stances, what you are going to keep and unity, standardisation, or assimilation, or supremacy of the Imperial Government in what you are going to give away nationaliter and more various life velopments come about, we shall always

but it stands for these matters. Whatever changes and de received by you not as a guest, hot an a stranger, but simply as one of yourselves.

I hope I have given no offence, (Cheers.. That is a very important precedent, among all the nations that compose it. look upon the British Government as the (Cheers.) Speaking with a somewhat hope when the time comes- I speaking Heus hear) And even nations who senior partner in this concern. When and dries of No, no) When I look different accent, and having a different for ingelfint expressing nobody have fought against you, like my own, this Council is not sitting the Imperial around this brilliant gathering, and see emphasis on many things, as no doubt opinion but my own-I feel where the mists food that they and their interest, Government will emduct, the foreign before me the most important men in the becomes barbarian from the outer. times come for peace we should not be their language, their religions, and all affairs of the Empire. But it will always Government of the United Kingdom, I marches of the Empire (laughter)aid only Central Europe in mind, but the heir cultural interests are as safe and be subject to the principles and policy was rather anxious that we should dis ene wirose mind is not yet deeply whule British Empire. As far as we are as secure under the British flag as those which have been laid down in these com cuss this matter, which concerns furrowed with trenchey and dug-outs concerned, we do not wish this wer to of the children of your household and mou conferences from time to time, and future 50 very vitally a matter which would like first of all to say how have been fought in vain. We have not our own blood. It is only in proportion which, I think, will be a simpler and should never be forgotten even in this profoundly thankful I am to Lord fought for material gain, or for territory is that is realised that you will full probably, in the long run, a saner and awful struggle, in which all our energies French for the words which have fallen we have fought for security in the future, the true mission which you have under safer policy for the Empire as a whole are engaged. Memories of the past koop. from his lips. Your expressions in regard (fear, heat. If we attach any value to inken. (Cheers.) Therefore, it seems, Naturally, it will lead to greater pub crowding in upon me. I think of all the to myself are largely, I feel, undeserved this group of nations which compose the peaking my own individual opinion, that licity. There is no doubt that, after the difficulties which have surrounded us in At any rate. I accept them as coming British Empire, then we in settling there is only one solution, that is the catastrophe that has overtaken Europe, the past, and I am truly alked with from an old opponent and comrade in peace, will have to look carefully at car solution supplied by our past traditions nations in future will want to know more gratitude for the reception which you arms. I know they are ment in the best future safety and security, and I hope of Freedom, self-governtuent, and the about the way their affairs are conducted. V given me, and with gratitude to spirit, and I acept them as such.

that will be done, and that no arrange fullest development. We are not going to (Hear, hear. And you can understand Time, the great and merciful judge, which After referring to incidents in the Borrent will be made which will jeppardi aree calman Governments Federal or that, once it is no longer an affair of one has healed many wounds (hear, hear War, General Smits proceded: Those very valuable and Insting results otherwise but we are going to extend Government, but of a larger number of and gratitude to that Divinity which were very diffralt and strenuous days in which have been attained. (Hear, hear.)

hberty freedom, and nationhood more Governments who are responsible ulti-shapes our ends, rough hew them how which one learned many a valuable lesson, J. GOVERNMENT OF THE FUTURE.. and more in every part of the Empire. mately to their Parliaments for the we will (Hear, hear,) I think of the good for (all life. One of those lessons

UNION UNDER A MONARCHY, A

action they have taken, you may be sure difficulties that still lie ahead of us That is the geographical question, 1 was that under stress of grant difficulty

there will be a great deal mers publicity which are going to test all the nations practically everything breaks down alti There remains the other question- very The question arises, how are you going and discussion of foreign affairs than fighting for liberty far more than they have.

ever been tested in the past, and I hope mately, and the only things that survive dificult question of the future constituin keep this world together if there is there has ever been.

and pray that they all may have clear- are really the simple human feelings of tional relations and readjustuminis in the going to be all this enormous develop;

ness of vision and purpose, and especially Joyalty and comradeship to your fellows British Empire. At a luncheon given rement towards a more varied and richer can stand the cently by the Empire, Parliamentary | lite among all its parta §: It seems to me

that strength of soul in the coming days, and patriotism which

I am sure that the after-effects of a strain and bear Fu through all dif. Association I said, rather cryptically, that you have two potent factors that change like this, although it looks a which will be more necessary than ficulty and privation. (Hear hear.) that I did not think this was & matter you must rely on for the future. The simple change, are going to be very im strength of arm. I verily believe that We soldiers know the extraordinary valas in which we should follow precedents, first is your hereditary kingship. (Hear, portant, not only for this community of we are within reach of priceless and im of these simple feelings, how far they and I hope you will bear with me if I hear.) I have seen some speculations nations, but for the world as a whole measurable good, not only for this United go, and what strain they can bear, and say a few words on that theme and recently in the papers of this country (Hear, hear) Far too much stress is Kingdom and group of nations to which how ultimately they support the whose develop more fully what I meant. I upon the position of the kingship of laid upon the instruments of government we belong, but also for the whole world. weight of civilisation. That war was think we are inclined to make mistakes this country; speculations by prople who, People are inclined to forget that the But, of course it will depend largely carried on by koth sides in a sportsmin in thinking about this group of cations I am sure, have never thought of the world is getting more democratic, and upon us whether the great prize is to which we belong, because too often wider issues that are at stake. You that forces which and expression in public.. achieved now in this struggle, or whether -like spirit, and in a clean, chivalrous

way (cheers) and out of that calamity we think of it merely as one Stato. The cannot make a Republic in this country opinion are going to be far more power the world will be doomed to long, wenry has been produced the happy state of British Empire is much more than a You cannot make a Republic of the ful in the future than they have been in waiting in the future. The prize is with. alfaits that you re to-day in South State, I think the very expression British Ciminonwealth of Nation the past. You will find that you bavo in our grasp, if we have strength, espe Africa and which led to a new basis on "Empire" is misleading, because it cause if you have to elect a President not built up a spirit of comradeship and a cially the strength of soul, which I hope which to build the larger and happier makes people think as if we are one single only in these islands, but all over the common feeling of patriotism, and that we shall have, to see this thing through South Africa which is arising to-day entity, one unity, to which that term British Emnire, who will be the ruler and the instrument of government will not he

without getting tired of waiting until I am sure in the present great stregis 1'! Empire” can be applied. We are not representative of all these peoples, you

victory crowns the efforts of our brave.. now being waged sou will see some enuse an Empire. Germany is un empire, so know the theory of our Constitution is

(Continued at foot of next column.) men in the field. (Loud cheers.)

BRITISH EMPIRE'S MISSION.