1917-07-02 — Page 7

GNAWING THROUGH.

WHAT IS HAPPENING ON THE WESTERN FRONT,

THE

CONDITIONS IN HUNGARY. WORKING CLASSES DESPERATE. THE SHADOW OF REVOLUTION. The Hungarian correspondent of the BY THE MILITARY CORRESPONDENT OF THE Worning Post wrote on May 1st:

his

:

HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, JULY 2ND, 1917.

**YO HORRKAY.”

WHY SPAIN ADMIRES OUR

PREMIER

(89 HAMILTON FYFE]·

GRANADA. April 18th.

I had been talking in the train to the lively Andalusian and his more reserved companion about Spanish politics Ur, talking and I had been listening, wall with Spain if she bad. Man They had assured me that all would be The Andalusian had drawn me to his side of the compartment to point out monastery on a hill with a bull-ring just below it, and had said to me Curas y

GERMANY'S MELTING

RESERVES..

DIVISIONS ONLY HALF OF FORMER STRENGTH.

[FROM " THE DAILY CHRONICLE " SPECIAL COERESPONDENT. };

It is natural enough that there should be a wish to know, and therefore efforts

sive as it proceeds. The wise observer, however, will beware of fanciful calcula tions,

PALL MALL GAZETTE.!!

Joffre clearly foresaw and laid down the One of the principal sources of uneasi-policy we must adopt when he said, "I mess, not to say torror, to the Hungarian will grow them." Biege work is always a Government and particularly to its head, long drawn out business of reducing the Count Tisza, is the Socialist party, not defender by exhausting his numbers and to put it more correctly, they had been to measure, the results of the Allied offon: in powerful, but an extremely pugnacious the supplies. In a fortnight's fighting enciny lost something like 33,000 bod as compared with the Socialist prisoners, and his recent furious counter Paris in Germany They are & militant attacks have certainly brought up the toll and in many ways desperate aggregation of his dead since Enster to at least 40,000, of workers with leaders inclining towards which, allowing only four wounded to one Anarchism, who, unlike Socialist partias killed, means a net loss of about & quarter in other countries have to autocracy and leadalism, and not merely of a million men, besides 330 guns, the toros. Esa es España.(Priests and very far below the reality. It may now the common antagonist of all Socialists, majority of which are not being used bull-fighting. There's Spain for you be but a half of the truth. The number capital. In Hungary all Trade Unionists against him, and consequently make belong to the Socialist party, and the difference to the two sides of something gress Spain needs, they declared-and bionate to the infantry, casualtice and i

combat

number altogether about one million men. Since the early days of the war the Hungarian Socialists have been debarred from taking part in public meetings, demonstrations, strikes, and even com zuittee meetings, in order that shey may not in any way interfero with war indus tries and thus jeopardize the output of

like 600 guns.

THE NAPOLEON TOUCH

After seeing a

nuinber of estimates

which broadly agree, I will only say that the recently published figure of 100,000 for the total German losses appears to be

less important cloment in the military account,

To put her feet upon the path of proof guns captured seems to be propor almost all the Spaniards with whom I constitutes a hardly But, above and beyond all this, is the have talked in these past weeks agree

The number and charuster of large most important fact that the enemy has Spain needs a leader of firmer grasp and been obliged to engage some fifteen new tougher fibre than any at present in sight. enemy units affected are more precisely divisions. Tired as the public may be of And then, after a few minutes pause closely and regularly followed. On this known, because the movement of units is hearing about Hindenburg's strategic the Andalusian leaned fowards me and subjected ise have some very significant the fast remains that the asked: What about Yo Horkay and encouraging information. Let us see, munitions. All war. factories and works existence of this reserve, of some thirty I looked blank, and he repented the in the first place, how the offensive has!

reserve,

retaining any liberty of action. The think it extraordinary that I should not forces. On April lat they stood as divisions, was the enemy's only hops of query, Yo Horrkay." He seemed to affected the distribution of the German French Staff is saturated with the know whom he meant. Still was follows: Napoleonic theory of war

puzzled."Write it down," suggcetell the

producing material in connection with the placed under military control. Every factory employing not less than o hands has been put in charge of an

11

Of battle

officer, and in some cases the manager has fighting Napoleon said;-“ On s'engage other Spaniard. So the Andalusian wrote

been given a commission for the purpose of arming him with military power Every worker, whether a Socialist or not, has been reduced to a form of slavery: and thas millions of pariahs are made to serve the aims of the two Emperors and the military cliques of Germany and Austria without adequate food, without Adequate wages, and without the right even of protest,

THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA.

The Russian revolution gave the first impulse to the Bungarian Socialists to throw of their shackles, for it showed them impossible.

that

upon and handed to me a sheet of his ebook What he had written was "Lloyd George.

219 143

Total of Germin divisions On the Western front. Other fronts (Russian, Rou

maninn, Macedonian) 76

TESTPRESENT GERMAN DIVISIONS. It was stupid of me not to recognise There was on the Western front on the Spanish pronunciation of the familiar April 1st, to meet all future exigencies, a naine. “L is sounded like "yin general reserve of 44 divisions. Birt Spanish. Cabal in scabayo."D" at the German divisions are not as all what they end of a word is not sounded at all were. The process of attenuation, which Madrid is pronounced MadthriI have more than once reported, bas Lloyd, therefore, became naturally "Yo" brought them down to little if any more And with pronounced gutturally, than half of their former strength. sometimes like anh," sometimes more Their present composition (May 1st) is like a "k," George gets transformed into approximately as follows:--- (this is as near as I can reproduce 16) Borrkay.

Yes, yes," the other Spaniard agreed, " a forcible, eloquent man. He is very revolutionary, no?

InfantryThree regiments of three haltations of four companies-that is, about 7,500 men. OA

Machine Gun Sections: About 500

men

an average of 200 mens

Cavalry-One or two squadrons, say,

Artillery-Nine or 12 batterica, say, an "verage of 2,000 men.

Pioneers and Services: 800 men. Total, from 10,000 to 12,000 combatants. This is a maximum. The infantry com- pany is counted above at 200 men, whereas it is generally not more than 150. The No, no, I said, "not revolutionary.on is at present 750 men, including in professed effective of an infantry batta Radical, if you like."

this number 100 non-combatant auxi- The reserved man smiled. “Ab,” toliaries. But many battalions have only remarked, in Spain all who want 600 men, including auxiliaries. radical changes are revolutionaries. Only revolution can bring them about."ang

partout et on voit "--one engages the enemy's whole battle front and then one sees where and how to strike him. Napoleon put this precept into practice by attacking the enemy's whole front with the smallest portion of bis force, which he considered sufficient to pin the enemy's front line troops to their ground (so that they should not be able to move to reinforce threatened points), and thus oblige the enemy to use up his reserves prematurely. He fought his own advanced

"to the last ounce," roops

sternly refur ing them all reinforcement, in order that he should not deplete his own general reserve. The fighting having obliged his after all, nothing is enemies to use up their reserves, and They convened a National having revealed to him where he should Ah," lamented the Andalusian, if Congress which met at Badapost in the strike the decisive blow, he massed only we had such a man as that. He has widdle of April. All the Socialist grain ang artillery, fire, and then, when he had when he knew that some of his own party this latter locality an overwhelm-spoken out what was in his mind, even were represented at it, and discussioning took place and resolutions were passed.blown a hole out of the human target in would not agree with him. He has put The gathering, took place in secret, for front of him," he launched his reserves the interest of his country above that of Count

"if he had got wind of the through the gap thus created in the Linie, would never have permited it enemy's front and crumpled up his line. What an

his party. His words thrill and vibrate One resolution, embodying the policy of

EATING UP THE LESERYES the Independence group in Parliament, is This is just what is happening now. one of the most interesting documents in The Allies are furiously pressing all that connection with the Russian Revolution, part of the enemy's line which is fluid,” and strange to any, it was passed by the and have pinned it to its ground-they Censor for publication. The Nepean have even obliged the enemy to use F publisbee it in full. The more con-half his general reserve; but › what spicuous passages run as follows:- Napoleon effected in a few hours may The National Congress of the Hun-take us months to accon.plish, and though garian Socialist Party sends greetings to the fighting may away furiously without the heroic Russian proletariat, who, by any considerable advano or retreat on the overthrow of Tsarism and absolutism, either side, the enemy will soon find him- have dealt a death blow not only at their own oppressors, but also at all other despotte Powers of the world. (All italics are those of the Nezava). By their action the Russian pralstarint have done much to further the

of the world progress and the idea of peace. The ideas of Socialism gave strength to them to accom plish their great purpose and ensure the down-fall of the most despotic, yet not the only despotic Power ruling over peoples.

This resolution goes-an to say offensive by Russia in the summer, we The Congress points with satisfaction must remember that the communications to the fact that the Hungarian Parlia behind her armies are very poor, and those in front of them as they advance Tuent unanimously protested against tho will have been destroyed; whereas the ider that anyone should use the Hun Germans have undamaged communications garian Army and its weapons against behind them which will become enormous Russian freedom, and for the re-establish- ment of Tsarism. At the same time, while the Hungarian Socialists rejoice to put this on record, they warn the them fers of the Hungarian Parliament, and The rulers of Hungary, that the people of Utungary are as yet autre rights and political freedom than were the Russian people before the victorious revolution,

self with all his reserves engaged and without even the means of replacing the wastage of war.

We know that both the Russians and Italians have been apprehensive that the

enemy would launch a great attack upon reserves to the Western field, this danger o but with the diversion of his reserves to will have passed.

A SLOW PROCESS; ›

In considering the resumption of the

:醣

+

A few days afterwards I was discussing the war with another pair of fellow travellers. They sell a button here bear ing the request, Don't talk to me about the war." A good many people in cer Rut it has no effect. tain towns wear it in their button-holea. The wer is the one subject that everyone is ready to talk about.

One of this second pair had just been reading Mr. Lloyd George's speech to the Pilgrims' Club. One of his best speeches," he said. I have read all of them all, that is to say, which have been printed in the Spanish newspapers,

We shall be justified, therefore, in gay- ing that the German general reserve in the West did not exceed a figure between 440,000 and 500,000 men after the great

retreat and before the beginning of the Alice ofensive

WHITEAWAY, LAIDLAW

For

the Mop

LEST MEASURE OF ECONOMY,

But this was virtually the only general

The other fronts had been Renewing reserve. roduced during the winter to a thinness which will be dangerous in summer con- ditions. The retreat in the West was the last measure of economy, and it is believed that the reduction of the front gave a momentary relief amounting to ton divisions

was never effected.

It was only momentary, or, rather, "it I was never a Germanophile. I am up Allied advance into the abandoned terri- The rapidity of the against them in business. But even if tory gave Hindenburg warning of what ly superior as soon as they reach their I had ever thought they were in the right he was to expect, and, so far from forces own frontiers. Since communications I am sure I should have changed my being liberated, the strategic reserves had mind after reading Yo Horrkay's to be successively called in to save the new govern supply and supply governs war, we cannot expect any very rapid advance speeches. Isn't that so, Don Luis be line. on the part of the Russians, however appealed to his friend. feeble the enemy's resistance may prove.

Claro, elaro, asserted Don Luis,

Bteween April 9th and April 27th no of Something of the same sort may be said In England there are many of great front, leaving of the general reserve of a fewer than 32 fresh divisions have been about any advances undertaken by the worth in political life-men who really month ago only 12 divisions, or about brought into action on the Franco-British in Armenia, Mesopotamia, Syria Macedonia. Even in the Western froot wish to serve their country; men who 120,000 men, by even more startling fact Warnings to the rulers of Hungary are the Allies will find all devastated before wish to improve the welfare of the is that of these fresh divisions more than the principal features of the resolution, them; and our great hope must be that people; men who look towards the future, a half have been so severely punished thất which suggests, muy demands, that the the enemy line will break when and if not towards the past. We have not such they have had to be withdrawn from the Central Powers should renounce all iden complete demobilisation sets in, and men in Spain,"

front to be reconstituted. of annexation, that peace terms on that that then comparatively small numbers of basis and on that of complete disarma very mobile troops will be sufficient to ment should be made public, that the bustle far larger numbers of the enemy people should be made a international nkre quainted without of position after position; that is to tween their promises when they are seck-

that an say, that unless something in the nature Toturnational Court, the decisions of of a debacle supervenes on the enemy's which should be final, should be conside the advance must be slow on all the situled for the preservation of peace, fronts. and that other steps, such as Socialists have so often udvocatid since the outbreak of war in almost every country, should be taken.

THE MAY. DAY MENACE..

A DISAFFECTED ARMY,

as a man capable of influencing a nation as Gladstone, Lord Beaconsfield, Lloyd George, to take only three examples, have influenced England. They are en of ability, tact, skill in the conduct of affairs; so are other. Spanish politicians. So is the new temporary Premier, Setor Garcia Prieto But no one believes much in them, or hopes for anything much from them. They are not leaders,, not

inde the kind of men by whom history is

Distrust of politicians is felt very generally throughout the country. No- where is the discrepancy so marked be ing the favour of the electors and their performances when they have taken office. Nowhere is there a better understanding between parties as to the division of the spoils. Nowhere are elections conducted with so cynical disregard for honesty. a democratic upheaval will be Hungary, The people bear, it all. They endure the which groans under a rule as autocratic tyranny of the cathiques, the local as that of any of the Romanoffs. The political" bosses " whose power is great The fact that after two years of com deprives her people of all liberties and justice; to influence the appointment of sham Constitution of Hungary, which enough to interfere with the course of plote inaction amidst oppression the political rights, the unprecedented all officers, even governors of town and Socialists of the Monarchy should have economic conditions, and the arbitrary districts; to make life unpleasant and awakening that Spain is aware of this It is perhaps a sign of national plucked up courage to assert themselves is and merciless condnot of the Government difficult for all who dare to oppose them. dearth of the higher qualities aniong her demonstrated in another way by the fist and the police all incline her to follow The people are kept under by low wages governing men. It is certainly gratifying that they intend to celebrate May Day the lead of Russia, and no one need be this year by a general aussation of work surprised, therefore, if May 1st should sound system of schooling, by the ties in British statesmen are recognised and high taxation, by the absence of a to Englishmen to find that these quali Although it has been in abeyance since give a slight or even a drastic indication solidarity of the Haves and their sup and envied. No patient can be cured of the war, this celebration invariably took of the fact place overy year for twenty years pre

porters, the clergy, against the Have an illness until he admits that he is viously. It is certain that the Govern

gota.

ill. The danger for Spain is that mis- Tent will oppose its revival, not only

Only a month or two ago Count Tisza

But the people are beginning to wake government has become woven into the because this would mean twenty-four declared that as long as he had strength up. On the way south to Seville 1 very fibre of the nation's life, A hours lost in the munition factories, but to oppose the idea of granting the suffrage passed in the train through a district Spaniard told me this story: When the also because it is proposed that demon to the men fighting at the fronts he would where big gangs of men were employed in Almighty had made heaven and earth and strations shall take place. Arrangements do so. Those were the words he used, and doubling the railway line. As we slowly all that therein is, He called up the be are being made for a procesion through they, are not likely to encourage the ran over this part of the track these men getters of the different nations and allotted the streets of Budapest and other large Hungarian hymy to stand behind the Tisza stood by the side of it asking the passeng to cach certain special gifts. The towns, and from the point of view of the Government should it be placed in danger ers for newspapers, which were banded British asked for colonising genius, the Government, and gathering together of by the working classes. The army, in out to them in large numbers. That was Italians for art, and so on. When it hundreds of thousands of poverty-stricken And hungry people, embittered by a sense fact, would be as ready to welcome a straw showing the direction of the came to Spain's tam to say what she

revolution as was that of Russin

wind. Twenty years ago those men would would like she asked for a clearer, bluer of wrong, is a very undesirable thing just The peasantry, who are outside the not have been able to read. They would sky than others had, for prettier women,

with the fatal consequences of the shore of the influence of the Socialist certainly not have wanted to read news for a fertile soil, and for Russian Revolution fresh in the memory elements, are forvent, supporters of the capers, and althouge most of the news. But, here arose a glamour. The other of despotic rulers of other nations.

Independence party of Count Karolyi, papers support the antiquated system nations cried out, We only were allow It is not improbable that the hunger who, on his part, works in association which suite the rich well enough, but is ed to ask for three gifts. La Bon Dieu and rag procession" on May 1st will end with the Socialists for democratic ideals.

so hard upon the poor and powerless, stopped the clamour, “Let us hear at in bloodshed, and that very grave cronts it may therefore, be assumed that the still there are some which take a wider, any rate what Spain wants, He said. are in store for Count Tisza and his industrial and agricultural workers, accomplices

The rule in former years whether belonging to the army or not, sre

saner view. It is by these that the way The Spain asked, in addition, for for the leaders of the Socialists to united in their desire to reach the common towards a better system is being pre good government give personal guarantees for the orderly goal. Another est rich hold on pared.

No, no, replied le Bon Dieu. "If Indiaviour of the masses. I cannot noted is that the people of the Monarchy, Th imagine that this year such guarantee as well as those of Germany, begin to slowly. There are

The process of preparation goes on ful women and fertile soil you should would be given by any man in his senses understand that the sooner they demo nor have there ever Leen, politicians have to advantage over you even in not in Spain, have good government also, we should The importance of the awakening af the critize their institutions and rid them- Hungarian Socialists lies in the fact that sales of Junkerism and autocracy the of the Lloyd George type. Spain beaven. The request is refused they influence that section of the people sooner they will ret peace. And as peace has lacked leaders, I have been fortunate That is the whimsical, cynical Spanish which has suffered, most, and is most the only desire of all classes in the enough to make the acquaintance of the way of looking at the defects in their embittered against the present rulers of Monarchy, Socialists and non-Socialists leaders both of the Liberal and the Come system. They have no opinion of their the nation, and that, according to all the alike, the cause of demoemey appeals to servative parties, Count Romanones and own statesmen. They would be very glad indications, the next to follow Russia in them more strongly perhaps than to the Señor Dato Neither of them struck me to welcome a Spanish Lloyd George

(Continued at foot of next column) people of any other country.

(Continued at fout of next column.)

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