1917-03-29 — Page 6

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MARCH 29TH. 1917.

BUILDING THE SUBMARINES.

HOW GERMANY DOES IT. Germany has adapted to the building of U-boats the same kind of workshop methods as are employed by the manu facturers of cheap American motor ears Thin fact was first revealed by Mr. D Thomas Curtin when writing in The Daily What as "a neutral, says an article in a recent issue of the paper.

Parts and processes are duplicated metieffously with the object of facilitat ing quick construction. In a manner

COST OF THE WAR.

COLOSSAL FIGURES.

As regards this increase, it is not due to additional advances either to our Allies or to the Dominions, The advances to the Allies aro less than they were in the pre- vion period, and the demands of the In Committee of Supply last month, Donimons have been much less than the Mr. Bonar Law, in moving two votes of average of the year, and they are still credit for £200,000,000 for carrying on trying to finance to a large extent their the war till the termination of the present own requirements by their own resource. financial year, on March 31st, an £350,000,000 for carrying on till the end (Cheers.) of May, said I propose to confine myself very much to at examination of the Bin antes of the current year. With regard to the vote for £350,000,000, it is true that the amount naked for at the same period last year was only

of

of speaking submarines are !! chopped fortunately, the expanding to another cause. In moving the last Voto

out

like ready-made clothing or cheap now then it was a year agus that the furniture in an East End factory vote for which I am now asking, of It is by following this practice that £350,000,000, will only carry us on for the Germany has obtained enough U-boats same length of time, approximately to the

and of May. It will be for that to make her latest piratical outburst 4 thing of serious portent.

This is how her system of building them is organised. A standard pattern of U-boat has been designed. Each separate part of it is made in quantities by firms who devote themselves to this task only Some construct a given section of the hull or a portion of the fittings or the machinery. Whatever niny be the task allotted to a factory, it concentrates al its attention on that fraction of the wessel and undertakes no other part of it with the result that the workmen baing always employed in making one thing, have become expert at their task. and able to do it expeditiously

The various ports thus produced, are sent to one of the shipyards and there bolted together by staffs of men whose whole time is given to assembling" the portions of hall and machinery which other men have made. The building yard employée merely any together a gaz ment that has been cut out elsewhere A submarine built at Kiel really means a submarine put together there Possibly 30 different establishments in as many different parts of the country were cach responsible for their little piece of her, in the manufacture of which they had specialised.

INCREASED EXPENDITURE ON FORD. The House will wish to know where the increase comes. It is partly due to on perensed expenditure an munitions, which has always been going up, but it is due

is heavier of Credit I mentioned that, as compared

the amount" with the previous period, the speat on food and miscellaneous items was less but I pointed out that it could not he regarded as a stoppage in expenditure, and that it was merely a question of book- keeping Now, there has been a great in- crease in the expenditure apon food. The 100,000,000 total average increase per day for theas sixty-three days is no less a aum than £100.000. Of course, that is largely spent on fond for which the Government will get back the money later on. It is for that reason that my advisers in the Tren sary have reason to believe that the ex- nenditure for the remaining days of this financial year will not be so great, and that the sum of £200,000,000, which I am now asking the House to vote, will be suffi njous sum of £1,950,000,000, cient to see us to the end of this financial This sum exceeded

the Inst vote of credit in December was for

It was estimated to last

February 24th Ou Satur day lost the figures showed an unexpended balance of £16,000,000 When the Committee has

agreed ng 1 lipe it will; to the vote for Hea £200,000,000 It will bring the total votes of credit for the current

to the enor financial year

the

estimate by no less than £30,000,0CO That increase, as on fornier occasions,

year

It has always been the custom in moving

1,950,000,000

due to three causes-additional expen inse Votes of Credit to give the total liture ou munitions, men, and further suns which from the beginning of the war advances to our Allie, and Dominions, have been voted by this. House in différent

As regards munitious, I should like the Votes of Credit House to realive not only how great is For the first year of the war, the increase of expenditure but how great 1914-15, the amount was £ 382,000,000

year have been the results of that increase in For the second year, 1915-16. 1,120,000,000. expenditure, (Cheers.) Taking the exor the third. penditure on the Navy and Army and munitions together, the average daily ex Making a total of Votes of Credit since the outbreak penditure on the first sixty-three days of

of war of

8,732,000,000 the current financial yens was £2,980,000, expenditure Bor

But even that figure does not represent whereas the average daily the sixty-three days just clapted was the total expenditure in governing the country. There is other expenditure, 28 £4,020,000, an increase of over a million The bulk of that increase is due to muni well, and I have had au estimate made,

As regards the Navy, The advantage of such a system as this fairly constant. As regards the Army. I for the current financial year will be diture since the beginning of the war in speeding up construction will be obani glad to say the increase has not been bent 52,140,000,000 and the total expen- vious to anyone acquainted with ship-in propertion to the increase in the num brilding. By it a dozen boats can be turned out for every one that could be constructed by the usual methods which entrast a yard with the building of emplate boat and make no provision fo the standardising of parts so that they can easily be duplicated. TRAINING

This practice of standarding her sub- marines helps Germany immensely in an other way that is quite as important to ber as rapid construction All her new G-boats being of the one type, crews enn be changed from one vessel to another without any logs of efficiency The new srtmarine to which they go is so exactly like the old one that they have left that no shaking down period is necessary to Grab the officers and men to get used to their craft.

tions.

LINDA AWAREiture is according to which the total expenditure

the

I

e which ber of troops available in the field. The reaches the colossal figure of £4,200,000,000. House will remember that the late PrimeThere is another set of figures

and that is the position in which Minister, in his speech on the Address thank has not yet been given to the House. last year, pointed out that compared with National Debt will stand at the end of the Expeditionary Force that was sen to the current financial year. The estimate. the front in the beginning of the war, the is that at the end of the financial number of British troops sest to the variabe will be between £3,800,000,000 ous theatres of war had increased tenfold.

and £3.900,000,000. Of that the advances

the

Since the date of my right hon to the Allies and Dominiong will be ap- friend's statement, leaving out the mum-proximately £800,000,000 to the end of the her of troops at home and in garrison financial year. When the war is won the towns, the increase has been fourteen

great bulk of these advances will not be In times as great as it was when the war burden upon the United Kingdom,

was when the was

estimating not only mur power to continue roke out. (cons, the increase in war, but what our position will be after

As regards munitions,

than is repre the war, we have to take into account the expenditure fact that this large item is not likely t

fall upon the shoulders of the British taxpayer. Ve in this

sure that we in perfectly

19.

nuck

by

the

(Hear, hear.)

A CHANGED POSITION When we look back to the early days of } anx the war and remember the position in country will be able to bear the financial. which our troops were placed in 1914 and strain longer than our enemies-(cheers)

(Cheers.)

BURDEN AFTER WAR

I believe I am giving away no secret when I say that the estimate will be the final returns are increased

just consider what that means. Now

receive new

Nor do the advantages end here 11915, when they were constantly called and that it will not be from that cause. to face an overwhelming superiority that we will be forced to make a pence upon the Baltic Germany has established a of material, we are simply aniazed at the which we should think, would be disastrons. school for training submarine crews. If courage and steadfastness with which our to the honour and position of this country. sas had varying types of U-boat one at troops held their ground (Cheers.), The (Cheers) least of each kind would have to be tied position is changed? We have now not up for instructional duties, and the only a superity mon for man as against

I should like the House to consider also officers and men taught to handle one our enemy, but we have a superiority of dass could not be transferred directly to equipment (Cheers.) The result is what the burden is going to be after the another and sent right off to sea. But as being shown constantly in the raids, where war is over. How long the war will last a result of having standardised her boats we have obtained results in comparison I do not know nobody knows. To what she need use only one or two for in with our losses which would have be im extent the debt will increase no one can

six months ago. (Cheers,) structional purposes, They are sufficient This gives us good reason to beliews Bay. But it is fair to look at the position: now and this is the position, Mr. Me- to train crews for a whole flotilla, as the

that when more important efforts are Kenna has raised in additional taxation complements passed through them can be made the results will be satisfactory to during the war the sum of £300,000,000 passed directly to the craft cominissioned

our Allies and to ourselves,

for the current financial year. for active service as these are completed. As regards the advances to our Allies Standardised training thus follows upon and the Dominions, Mr. Asquith has made standardised construction, and enables the clain many times that we had no Germany to get the maximum of work selfish motives in going into this war

may make another claim. Throughout, the out of lier under sea flotilla. Est

out the business which has enabled her of the Excheqve considered only one that would depend on the view of It is this methodical way of going war the Government and the Chancellor The country bearing that additional Her in the advances made burden in time of war. If it were neces- to make her submarine menace at last to our Allies, have

very real on Germany has nothing, not whether we grudged the money, the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the her or not it would be to the gen-Government in power when the war in but whether or always had her pirate fleet organised on this well thought out plan. Ita adoption eral interest, and whether we could afford over-but if it were necessary to keep up to give them the advances necessary to the taxation during peace at the same level an allow coincided with her decision to devote help the general cause. (Hear hear.) as at present, even after making.

the excess-profits tnx. which must her naval energies mainly to submarine

The the figures of our financial position.

come to votes of the action, she began methodically preplan adopted hitherto, in moving

then, taking into account all the burden the daily paring to make it as effective as possible credit,

am right in saying that we should have minds. I have tables dividing the final the means of meeting interest and sink- was quite ready.

Germsay's requirements differ so much cial year into five periods corresponding ing fund, so as to wipe the whole of it ratively from those of other Powere that wast with the five times when votes of credit

time. (Cheers) I do not wish to be op- day at idents her ass would be no use to them, were moved The firit period is one of lay in the course of a compara

timistic. We know what a terrible burden this means not mily for us but for those standardised principle has drawbacks as Our expenditure per day was 4,320,000 who come after. But we believe it is a well as advantages. The latter are only The next period it had risen to. 6,050,000 burden which we were bound to bear, and for country that has to ntcet an enser The next period to gency which calls for numbers above any The fourth period to ather consideration and wants them quickly at that. It does not produce the best type of submarine, as design must be ruled rather by what can bu dene than what best to

warfare. Having made up her mind for Will coine now to an examination of ance on end at the close of the war,

when the time came to start--when shevésed in most the Be Canhat will fall on the British taxpayer,

This building, of submarines on the g

that means limitations which may prove handicaps. But, this drawback notwith standing, Germany has greatly improred the constructional details of her U-boats

to our

For the sixty-three days just closed there was an increase the amount even on that figure, being

6,790,000 (Continued on next Column.)

5,070,000 which we have got to see through. (Cheer) 5,710,000 But we do not need to make it worse in our own minds than it is. Look at it from We were engaged View another point of in a similar struggle more than 100 years. go. When that struggle ended at the Battle of Waterloo, the amount of indebt-- edness of this country was over weapons are placed on a disappearing 2900,000,000. At that time the estimated mounting; that is, are raised from the income of the country was £250,000,000, imerior of the boat when required, and The income before the present war was it was at the time

lowered agaid when she divce. Over the ten times o

HIGH SPEED AND POWERFUL GUNS.gun emplacement is an armoured hatch of the Battle

Again, if we look at the fosnetal real The latest U-boats, as is well known, which lifts with the gun and forms a are much larger than their predecessors strong, protective hood above the gun and tion of this country, if we consider not that bind the whole British Empiro Ono sometimes sees them described as sul its crew while the weapon is in action, only our trade and commeren, but the closo alergible cruisers. Whether that desers As the guns lowers, so this hatch automatis tion may be regarded as accurate or not tically sinks back gatil it falls into place together, it is cortain that we and our depends upon what one understands by again to a part of the hull children will be in a far better position to submersible cruiser There is no Their torpedoes are mostly short-range bear a much heavier burden than that evidence that Germany has yet sent out weapons loaded with a very heavy ex which our forefathers had thrown upon Uhoats to which a naval man would plosive charge Shortness of rango on them. (Hoar, hear) All I desire to add

Then apply this name. But this must not be ables them to carry a much more powerful is to repeat a statement made already

are mant taken as implying that her under-water war bear than they would be able to do We have a very difficult read in front Recrifices which this country has not you craft are to lightly regarded Quite if they were engined to travel a longer of BS as a nation.

made. the other way out. So much has their distance On their bont-shaped bows is displacement been increased that they are fitted a cutter designed to enable the bont capable of a wide radius of action, and to bear its way through any obstacle it hy husbandirs their fuel supplies can may encounter. They are equipped ako keen, then for a long time for mine-lying and, in fact, include this

Mon over they possess high speed (high among their regular activities for 2 aubmarine which, of course, must With a view to enable them better to be judged he standard different from tesist attack, they are built with two. those applied tour ship) and they hulls, one outside the other, somewhat like Guns egnat in steel cylinder endinsed in the hull of power to those carried by some destroyers a boat. And living conditions for their are now being mounted in them. The crews are far better than they were in

the earlier types of U-boat (Continued at font of nest column.)

up till now as a nation, com-

what has been undergone

borre comparatively our Allies, we have smell sacrifices, except the greatest of all

the loss of life

till lo

Wo may have greater sacrifices bear, but stiller on the ground of fu "apce nor of that of the courage rit determination of our people will there be any going back until the end to which

Cheers) we have set ourselves has begu reached.