1917-03-15 — Page 2

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PAFSS

LIFE AND DEATH.

For two years past the gates that lid between life and death have been unbar

sunset of cloudrack and fire, they have seemed, for one splendid moment, magui- fied and transfigured; and then, in the twinkling of an eye, they are gone, and our eyes behold them no more. Unceasing ly the march continues unmoved the open gates rest on their hinges; the open way still runs from life to death, and terse grows on the mind of the unity between death and life, the community between a familiar friend, who has put aside his the quick and the dead. Doath is grown sting and whatever victories may be proclaimed, there is no victory of the

THURSDAY

MARCH 15th!

CONCERNING COURAGE.

(BY: G. LE BON.]

whch habit makes it almost unconscious.

THE RESOURCES OF JAPAN LECTURE BY CONSUL-GENERAL.

Life is a precious possession to men, buf At the monthly meeting of the Japa red. No longer singly, or through are readily sacrifices it under certain cir Society, London, recently, a paper was row door, but in ordered companies and enmstatices especially in obedience to read on The Resources of Japan.in battalions, men have entered into the vasty ancestral impulses which are stronger their Relation to British Commerce after than the instinct of self-preservation. de War," by Mr. K; Yamasaki, Consul halls of death. In the glare of battle and

Courage is resistance to the natural General for Japan, Mr. Marcus B. the thunder of artillery they have passed fear of danger. It is compounded of Huish, LL.B.. presided. The lecturer through the gates, As they passed, like various elements which make up a com- said: Japan was opened up to inter- eteuing figures burniched by a stormyplex whole that appears under different national intercourse in the latter part of aspects. It may be accidonta, and in the nineteenth century. It was an that case is comparatively easy to prac American commodore who first visited tise; bug when it assumes a continuous Japan and induced the Government, then form it is a more difficult matter, except under the Tokugaws family, to open berports to European trade. The first English envoy sent to Japan was Sir The European War gives us the oppor Harry Parkes, (1) who was responsible tunity of making a great many very for the conclusion of the first Commer- interesting psychological reflections cial Treaty between England and Japan, the subject of courage, for the observar Since the Meiji Reformation in 1888, tions recorded on the varicas battlefields Japanese industrial resources have rapid- which I have received from the Front,buted greatly to the progress of Japan. are most instructive. Among the letters ly developed. Englishmen have contri have selected the following one written and we are grateful for the kind assist by M. de B, an artillery officer: ance which this country has given us With regard to gallantry the war has They made the first, railway between made me distinguish a whole great gemut Yokohama and Tokyo, a distance of 18 Now Japan had over of qualities which I had before lamped miles, in 1872,

7,000 miles of railways. In 1915 the together in more or less confusion,

total gross tonnage of Japan's conumer ciel feet was over 1,800,000 tons. It is very gratifying to note that, with the development of Japanese industrial re sources and the improved facilities of communication, Japan's trade with Great Britain, France, Russia, and other friendly countrice has shown a great is- cresse. However, the present was has commores. While the Allies are putting forth their utmost exertions to bring this war to a victorious issue, it is incum- bent upon us to study the economic re sources of each Allied country in their relation to international trade after the war

grave

In the first place I have come to realise the truth of the Spanish expres tion, which says of a map, He was brave on such and such n day.

The most admirable quality in gal entry is that which impele a man te leave a place of anfety, although he's not under the excitement of battle, and

There are days in which our old estima- tions and values are changed Young Bica Irave set life against other things and found that other things were more worth. while they have weighed death in the balance, and found death more tolerable than the things they

could not tolerate. They have seen that all their rights even the right to live, and to draw happy English air into their blood-are the gift of the Commonwealth, given for the uses of the Commonwealth, and to be spent, according to the rules of all faithful Suardianship, for, the benefit of the ass disturbed international

Into that world, danger winch he knows and has estimated by the giver: and into the undigmayed; and those who

they have mounted to ite full extent. A up with wings knew them, loved them, and talked with them, have learned from them the son they had learned for themselves, and have come to see what are the things of real price, and wherein truc profit and genuine loss are to be found.

True courage is prudent, and limits itself strictly to what is necessary; or does it ever bluster, unless the soldiers are wavering and have to be carried along by the force of example.

It may be asserted that Japan's large The courage of one and the same population is an important asset to her body of men is all or nothing according industry. Being a mountainous country, Fact which is only 20 per cent of the total area of circumstances, a to especially true for the very susceptible Japan is under cultivation, yet these French. temperament. A body of Germans engaged in agriculture constitute, nearly would certainly vary less in this respect. 60 per cent of the total population. As to Japan's mineral resources, Japan «The men's confidence in their afficers in the wecond largest copper producing. is a most important factor, for the very country in the world. Japan is supply same soldiers will succeed or fail under

HONGKONG POLICE, RESERVE.

· SERVICE RIFLES. All Service Rifles not yet returned to the

Armoury will be returned on Friday, Marah 10th, between 3,15 and 6.45 p.m. All exempts, medical and otherwise, are subject to this Order.

NO, 1 COMPANY. Z

parade on Friday, March 10th, on Patrolmen claiming exemption from th

account of Race week duty, must forthwith produce their Standing Order Books and Armlets for inspec tion by their Section Commanders.

MUSKETLY COURSE, PART 11.

All men who are qualified to fire, but have not yet fired, Part II. of the 1917 Course will attend the Rango on Sunday next, March 18th, leaving Blake Pier at: 9 am., returning a about noon..

Commanders.

The above date is the last fixture for Lists of these are being sent to Company

fixing the 1917 Conrae.

ORCHESTRA.

Thursday, March 15th-Practice. Monday, March 19th-Government House.

RECRUITS:

Tho, A.S.P. (R) will examine recruits submitted by Co.-Sergt. Majors for passing out at Central Station o Monday, March 19th, at 5:30 p.m.

(8gd.) F..C. JuSK25,

1.8.P. (8.).

March 14th, 1917.

HOW A MOTHER KEPT HER SON AT HOME.

Mrs. T. Lucking, butcher, appealed to the Essex County Appeal Tribunal at bunow for exemption for her son, agexi

35, and William Gladstone Spurgeon, 20, a single slaughterman, paid 10 a week.

The Chairman (Mr. Collingwood Hope, E.C.): To have employed a man for 16 years and to pay him 16s, a week is very If Spurgeon goes to the Army

will you make his sister an allos ~ any wages.

anes ?

Mrs. Lucking: I don't know about that; I shall have to consult my son to see if he can allow her a little.

The Chairman: Very well, then; if you can't promise us that you will make Spar- goon's sister ng allowance we shall give him conditional exemption and send your

on to the Army.

Mrs. Lucking: If it is like that, I will allow Miss Spurgeon 58. a week to keep my son at home.

The Chairman You only offer that to keep your son from going to the Army, but we will agree to it.

Materini values have altered in these jars, and we walk in a new world of monetary prices. Is it an idle thing to sny that spiritual values have changed, or that we walk in a new world in which the prices even of priceless things aro cifferent? We have made, friends with exultations and agonies; we live on a plane and in a tempor which in..our

with a large amount of copper. We now hormal years we did not know Here in identical circumstances, simply according this country and her other Allies supply India and Australia with a der Oxford, in one of our college chapels, the ing to the way they are led," memorial service has been said and sang French military courage has changed tain amount of coal. The production of regularly at the end of each term over the greatly since the beginning of the war, gold was fairly large until recent times dead. Term by term the "Dead Marchand has necessarily lost its hasty and im- Before the country was opened up for has been played on the organ; term by pulsive character, which cost us so many international intercourse, gold had been term, at the end of the service, the Last men. The soldiers were at first entirely abundant as compared with silver. When Post

"has been sounded on the trumpet. under the influence of the obsolete Japan was thrown open to international The fellow of the college who read the methods which the General Staff had trade a great amount of gold flowed out lesson nt one commemoration service Iny in his grave by the Somme at the text never modified, and hence they exposed of the country, on account of the differ themselves to the adversary's fire and once in the ratio to silver, entailing a nud life, from day to day, pasted so

THE ADVANCE OF INDUSTRY, steadily into death that one asks, as the uus themselves insanely upon enemy great loss to the nation.

batteries that came close to them and

Japan during the last two years has been Is is significant that Japan is rapidly in an almormal state. When the world Greck asked:-

mowed them down without suffering, any Who knows but life may after all be loss in turn: Such tactics, of course, soon changing from an agricultural to an again enters apoi a peaceful existence,

death,

led to disastrous défent, and contributed industrial nation. Cotton manufacture international trade relations will be put to the success of the Germans quite as is one of the principal industries of into the meting pot. As to Angio- much as did the incapacity of French Japan. The statistics show that the Japanese trade, to a certain extent, it average number of spindles working will retart to pr-war conditions, but generalship, pov

daily in Japan in 1914 was about after the war new and powerful clements

And death be real life?

But this is perhaps the temper of hinds strained and wrought by heavy preaute and the new values which we attach, in

A German General emphasises this

such a temper, to the spiritual facts of point in an interview which was publish 12:200,000. There are a number of large will be at work. After the conclusion of

the

our exp tiem may, like the new values we have perforce to Bet -on things material, sink, or, at any rate, chujoge, in reaction of those future days when the tumult and the shouting die. We cannot tell what we shall feel, or what ultimate sense of lose may be the residue until time has come, for reflection and we can

make up he account of our loss and our

gain,

We shall have to pass through the valley of regret and of vain longing for the sound of hushed voices. But soon, we trust, we shall breast the hill that lies beyond the valloy, and climb to a height we shall see another vision the vision of the things to be

done, the gaps to be filled, the ideals to be made actual, in

and

In the

the new age of peace for the sake of which but it's true, nevertheless. You do not agricultural and industrial resources of further develop various key industries

cotton mills in Osaka and Tokyo, and

peace, Japan's demand for highly-man- ed by the Figaro of October 5th, 1914

Eome of them are admirably equipped for ed articles, such as machines, electric Your infantry deserves great praise, looking after the welfare and comfort apparatus, iron and steel manufactures, Woollen manufacture cottons and woollens of high grade, and but it has serious, nay terrible, defects, of the employés. of which the must dangerous is its was not carried on before on any con-chemical products will receive a stimulus. courage. Your foot-soldiers expose them siderable scale, but the war has 5 German merchants used to be the un- scrupulous competitors of English mor- selves without protection, and seem to an impetus to this industry, take a delight in making targets of them Japanese factories are executing orders

war, In the future no Japaness will buy selves. It is an easy matter to aim at from the Russian Government. As re-chants in the Japanese market before the them and to hit them. Of course, it is gards the production of iron and steel, German goods, and English manufactur

there is a Government ironworks, anders will and Japan a very attractive heroic, but it is preposterous,

"You think that courage is always besides, there are others in private hands. market for their finished goods. advantageous, and so it is in cases like As Japan lecks rich iron mines, she same way I hope that a greater amount the storming of fortifed places or ports iron ore chietly from China, Ship of Japanese goods than before will be bayonet charges. But too much courage building is very aturing nowe ander supplied to the English market, hitherto in soldiers is more often a nuisance than present. The total tonnage now under fuded with German and Austrian goods.

GERMANY'S TRÄDE: MUST NOX KOVIVE. an advantage. You, do not realize this, construction is estimated at 600,000 tons.

After thus giving a short survey of the

It is aighly advisable that you should seem to know that if you want to conquer you must conceal yourself, disguise your Japan, let me speak briefly on the subject within the British Empire, if not within of her financial conditione. In 1815 the the United Kingdom. With this object approach, expose yourself to the enemy. as little as may bo, dig a hole in the total revenue of the Japanese Govern in view, you might, perhaps, adopt some ground and lie snug in it, make use of ment amounted to about £60,000,000 form of protection. As regards trade and its total expenditure was about relations between Japan, on the one every rock and retess in the countryside, £50,200,000. After the Manchurian cam-hand, and with India and Australia on say the enemy and not be seen by him.

paign in 1905-1908, Japan's external the other, we must sec it that after Perhaps you will learn all this some loans reached the high total of the war Germany's trade shall never re will not ask us for the last full measure day by seeing us do it. You must rum £152,000,000, but this debt was reduced vive in Japan nor in the United King

and

eo many have gone through the gates of death," They have left no honour freedom; they have left us also the duty of finding courage to lay hold on the occa sion they have given. If they have died cause they held their lives in trust for incir country; we who live must hence forth live as men who also hold our lives in trust for our country. Our country

thall

risk battle, but none

The soldiers have finally learned from experience what their officers had for gotten to teach them in time of peace.

1

happy to say that quite recently Japan Colonies, so that commercial relations leat about £12,000,000 to Russia to enable between Japan and the British Empira her to cover the payment for war materials will become closer, unless undue obstrue- ordered from Japan. The Japanese Govtions are placed on the road. Chips is ernment also bought British Treasury one of the greatest commercial markets in Bills to the amount of £10,000,000 in the world. Japan has been recused of America to help ameliorate the Anglo encroaching on British trade interests in to be. They could talk quietly of the America exchange, and in December last China, but, in my belief, this aconsation chances of life and death-how the chances your a British loan for £10,000.000 is absolutely devoid of foundation. Lar of death were as ten to one, and yet how raised in Japan most successfully. The cashire will continue to supply China each, in his in most heart, believed that proceeds of the loan were remitted to with cotton goods of high grade, only a he would be an exception to the odds.; Americs to serve the same purpose,

comparatively small quantity of cotton of This matter of the chances of life and Now I come to the subject of trade coarse grade being shipped from Japan death was often present to their minds between the United Kingdom and Japan. to China. Above all, I hope that friend- (how could it be otherwise) and if some, This country used to export to Japan farly relations will continue to prevail be time it might end in fatalism often it more than it imported from Japan. In tween English and Japanese merchants brought then into a very close and living 1913 total exports to Japan amounted in China, in order that they may advance dependence on the Maker and Giver of to nearly £14,000,000, while imports from hand in hand, united in one task of life and death. Whatever their thoughts, Japan were only about £4,000,000. The developing the vast resources of China, and whatever their fears of death, there principal exports to Japan were ships, most of which still remain dormant. The was one thing they dreaded most-and that iron, and stee machinery, sulphate of cordial sentiments and common interests wis lest, when the ordeal came, they ammonia, woollen worsted, and cotton consecrated by the Anglo-Japanem Al- might fail to meet it with the quick in naufactures, but the chief imports fromance are still more firmly strengthened sight and ready resolution which it need- edhe dread was almost always un- Japan were silk manufactures, copper, by the joint task which Great Britam grounded, but it was a noble draad. What straw braids, chemical products, buttons, and Japan are carrying out in peanlis, they feared, after all, was at bottom this and studs. Thus you will see that Japan ing the enemy of human progress and that they might not, in a crisis, do their has been a very good customer to Eug buman welfare, and it is our earnest. daty by their men, or by their brother lish manufacturers. Since the beginning desire that the trade between the two officers or by their commander. In a of the war the exports of this country to countries may receive a fresh stimulus word, they feared lest they should fail to Japan have greatly decreased, owing to after the war, in order to enable England do their duty to their neighbours the difficulties of production, etc. On the and Japan to contribute still further to And that, though they may have been un other hand, the imports to this country international good fellowship and civili conscious of it was really their motiva vom Japan have increased considerably antion

ask, and it will need, every service which we can give for its perfection. It would, be treason to those who gave their lives for England in war if we did not, after their good example, give our lives to Eng lane in peace. There will be so much in years to come that we can do to make our country

try better so much in the way of improvement of her system of education; so much in the way of improvement of the relations betacen masters and workmen; so much in every state of life to which 16 please God to call us, that there is likely to be little enough time for think ing of ourselves and our own self-realiza tion, even if such thinking of ourselves were itself a healthy thing. And it will be all the more incumbent upon us to think of all the great now things which we shall have the occasion of doing, since so many of the large minds that loved to think and to dream of these thinks will be hushed and quiet. So much of the spring has been taken out of the year; so great, therefore, is the burden ind en all that are left the young who have been too young for the war, and the old who have been too old. We must make that old French sign for the untininable 12 jeunesse sarait, si vicellesse pouvait into something actually attained; we must make the young men wies and understand ing, and we must turn the cautious and world-weary temper of older yours into power and courage.

Many of those who have gone to their life. If we do that, we need fear no evil. death were fond of disparaging, with a If we do, that the community of the living importe to this country from Japan in joining of the Japanese Army in the war the game year were about £9.000.000. The operations, should give an impetus to certain thy self-depreciation natural to and the dead will remain, and between princiral commodities exported from this the development of industrial benefit men of their country, the quality of their those who died in this spirit and those country to Taran in 1915 were iron between our two nations after the war own motives and the temper of their own who live in this spirit there will be courage. They went so they said be lowship and understanding. Thus, and cause no man with any sell-respect could stus only the gates between life and do otherwise, and because they had no death will stand open, and the open road choice. They would tell you frankly, that of communion in a common purpose will they were far from being even half in keep us close to those whom we have lost Jore with easeful death that they and whom again, becauss we are true dreaded as every human being must to them and because we keep alive their dread, the thought that they must cease

spirit in ourselves, we have not lost at all. (Continued at foot of next Column.) The Times,

have to make our motive and our rule of 1916 ore valued at £5.000.000, while the Alliance, which was confirmed by the and their rule of life. It is what we also The exports from the UK to Japan in Mr. N. Kato said the Anglo-Japanese

ilk

steel machinery and cotton manu However, he could not see very wa'l how A factures, and the chief articles immorted they could avoid the import of goods pre- this country from Japan in 1915 were duced in Germany and Austria after manufactures, cooper, vegetable oil the war So it seemed to him very raw and lemon braids, green neas, and important that British merchants should may solely he asserted that the see to it that they will cometa with trade between the United Kingdom and German goods, both in price and

(Continued at foot of next column.) quality:

: