1917-01-19 — Page 7

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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JANUARY 19TH, 1917.

TEN MONTHS IN GERMANY-little less than one-sixth, ́ ́wa

11,000,000.

GERMANY'S HUMAN RESOURCES.

HIDDEN PRISONERS,

CHAPTER XXIX.

[BY D. THOMAS CURTIN.]

in estimating German maa-power. First, Threo factors are of chief importance. the number of men of military age; second, the number of these who are in- dispensablo in civil life; third, the number of casualties.. Concerning the leap two there are great differences of opinion among military erities in Allied and neutral countries. As regards the first there need be little difference. although 1 confess surprise at the number

get

What are the factors which enable Germany to call this number or a little more than this number to the colours First, the organization of the women. have seen them even in the forges of Rhineland doing the work of strong men. "The finest woman in the world, these Rhinelanders," se one manager put it.

Just look at that one lift that weight. And his eyes sparkled with enthusiasm. Few men in the world could do better."

LUSSIAN OFVILLAN PRISONERS.

In Germany there has been much speculation among military men as to the point of your next attack. It is porfect ly clear that if next spring the Allies at tack not one German Army se on the Somme, but three or four east and west. simultaneously, Germany, bremuso of maa-power, if for no other

her reason, must

give way.

The more munitions you make Germany use, the mure fat she must use for this purpose, and the less she will have for the civil population, with a consequent diminution of their output of work. Germany simply cannot burn the candle' nt both ends.

mind, and it is sounded in the present wort Socialism combines general

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14

The

FAMOUS GOLFER'S TRAGIC DEATH.

JAMES BRAID KILLED AT WATERLOO STATION.

is of the utmost sanity with methods of utter impracticability." Expropria- ion is impossible, if anyone dreamt of it. Nor can every industry be carried on by officialdom-which is what the obsolete form of Socialism chiefly meant.

Mr. James A, Braid, the famous pre- practical example of the Royal Aircraft fessional golfer, met with a fatal accident Factory, which, according to our airmen, at Waterloo Station on December 6th. has been almost as troublesome to theme was intending to leave by the 8.16 p.m. train from Waterloo for Portsmouth and as the German air forces, proves that,

*

was looking for a seat, when the train Not for the first time in its history began to move, says the Daily Express. the nation has been unified in the Ho seized the handle of one of the Second, and of tremendous importance, Thus with a food shortage which alone, furaees of calamity. It is as the man carriage doors, but encumbered by a are the huge numbers of prisoners in I believe, would defent lies in time, there who lost, the whole world and gained his parcel he slipped and fell backwards, Germany, and her sensible determination is the prospect of her lines being definite immortal soul. Immense and bittor as striking his bead on the platform. The to make them work. She has taken abonely amashed next year. All in all the the sacrifices have been, they will have train was promptly pulled up, although one and two-thirds million on the field German patriot lins a mighty dismal oat-been worth while if they are turned to

It is understood that Mr. Brald had of battle. There aleo happen to be in look for 1017,

effect. There is a new feeling of inward fallen quite clear of it. Germany nearly a million other prison- In view of the fact that should her harmony between the classes, though this of people I have met tho believe theers, buried alive whose cristence has diplomacy fail to bring her a satisfne the Germans and the organisations which grotesque myth that Germany has apparently escaped the notice of the out-tory peace, she must make another deci work for them stealthily in this country systematically concealed her increase site world. These are the Russian

will do their utmost to destroy. The in population, and that instead of civilians who were caught in the German

enemy has no more valuable auxiliaries being a nation of less than 70 millions trap when it snapped suddenly tight in

than the preachers of class war," must she has really more than 100 millions.

the summer of 1914.

Before the war It is safe to say that at the outbreak of 2,000,000 Russians used to go to Germany

of whom have kept a very long way from the real war at the front, war Gormany was a nation of 68,000,000, at harvest time. The war began at bar-

The fact remains, as the authors state, of whom $3,500,000 were males. Of these vest time. The number of these men, nearly 14,000,000 were between 18 and 45; which from my own first-hand investi- 350,000 nien over 45 are also with the gations in the remote country districts I Colours. The boys who were then 16 and estimate at nearly a million, would have 17 can now be added, giving us a grand escaped my notice also, had I not walked. total of 15,000,000,

across Germany.

Normally, Germany employed between 18 and 15-Mines, 600,000; metals, .800,000; transport, 850,000; agriculture, 3,000,000; clothing food preparation, making a total of 6,950,000,

CHECK ON OFFICIAL PIGURES.

SPOLIATION OF POLAND.

Another important factor in the labour problem in Germany is the employment of the Poles. Not only are they employ ed on the land, but grent colonies of them have grown up in Düsseldorf and other industrial contres. I saw an order instructing the military commandants

sive bid for victory, is it unreasonable to suppose that she may again warn neutrals to keep away from these shores as she did in February, 1916, and try a relentless submarine warfare at once before your plans to arm merchantmen can be completed ---Timer.

THE LIFE-STRUGGLE AFTERWARDS.

HOW TO WIN IT.

THE ELEMENTS OF RECONSTRUCTION. Re- printed from The Times. With an Introduction by Viscount Milner. (Nishct. 1s net)

That the hardest part of the war may come after the war is dawning on not a

that

It was found that Mr. Braid was un conscious, and as rapidly as possible he was removed to Bt. Thomas Hospital, but expired on the way,

IMPRESS ON YOUR MIND!

that in

#6

'Primo'

"

Beer

there in a food value as well an beverage enjoyment, for three ronson :----

1- Primo bear is beer that is always utriferm in quality, over varies,

2-It is a product of the most carefully selected and highest ingredients harmoniously used, the result of many years' experiense.

the general willingness and loyalty of our workers under the test of war have been remarkable and of the most on the links than the Walton Heath pro- The malt not only has food value, but is, of all

hopeful augury for the future of the Empire. It will be nothing less than shameful on the part of those who rule us and of those who control our industrial life if they are unprepared to meet the men at the peace with some thing better than a resumption of the pitiful old struggles.”

There are many people who regarded James Braid as the greatest of all golfers, although the majority prefer to give Harry Vardon, the present champion, pride of place. A giant in stature, and possessor of a philosophical temperament admirably adapted to so exacting a game, there was no more popular personality fessional. Spectators of exhibition matches were enthralled by the power of Braid's long game, and his form in the open championship meeting drew from Vardon a generous tribute when the latter wrote, "Despite the flashes of briliance of others he has been the most consistently good

Fears at los golfer for the past four

championship victory Ita 1008. The

Braid was born at Earlsferry, Fife, in 1870, and before going to Walton Heath, which is the course on which Mr. Lloyd George has been, wont to sock relief from political strife, he was professional for the Romford Club.

9.The hope have a nerve soothing value. foods, one of the most quickly and ewelly burned by digestion into nourishment.

H.

Obtainable from all Wine Merdinandu,

RUTTONJEE & SON, 16, QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRÁL,

HONGKONG.

PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION CO.

STEAM

Up to this point there can be little

The real difficulty will lio in so in.

That was written after Braid's fourth difference of opinion. From this point

creasing production and so developing en, however, I must, like others who dea; throughout Germany to warn the Poles, few minds which are busy with the ques wages. There can be no more to divide again in 1910, in addition to winning the

markels as to maintain a high level of

famous Scotsman won premier honourя with the subject, innke estimates upon whose dimontent with the food conditions tions that the country will then bave to: data obtained. During my last visit to home, that conditions in Poland were

in Germany made thema desire to return face.

than the nation can produce and sell, Professional Golfers' Association tourna Germany I systematically employed a much worse. rough cheek on the figures derived German admission that there is starvation does not contain the record of any condustry avas insufficient to give a flat national matches with England,

This, then, is an official to expect, for the simple reason that it that before the war the total yield of in-appeared for Scotland in the inter-THE

History gives little guidance as to what and a very simple calculation will show went on several occasions. He regularly through the usual channels. Concentrated in Poland, for much worse could mean valsion which approaches the present wage of 30s, a week to all adults em- effort to obtain first-hand information in nothing else. Germany is keeping city, village, and country-side, north, Poland a sealed book, although I ad struggle in its catastrophic effect.

ployed. The authors contemplate the east, south, and west, with eyes and enramit that she occasionally takes tourists But the general principles which go of a tariff, though without any open, and vocal organs constantly used to see the German fostered university at should govern reconstruction can at least blind superstition in it as a fetish; but for purposes of interrogation, naturally Warsaw. Just before I left Germany be discussed. Nowhere are they set forth borong this they hardly touch this vital yielded considerable data when carried still another order was issued for the rewith greater breadth of view and boldness point in the problem. over a period of 10 months. The changes gulation of neutral correspondents. of imagination than in this remarkable In agriculture they favour a subsidy from my last visit and from peace time Under no circumstances were they to be volume, to which Lord Milner has conto the home-grower by buying his pro were also duly observed, as wore the dif- allowed to talk with the natives in tributed a masterly pro₤nos.

duce, & system which would bring great ferences between Germany and the other Poland. From unimpeachable a

The position of Great Britain after benefits and place farming on a stable. nations I had visited during the war. I learned that the Poles were-

the war will be totally different from her basis. They somewhat oddly advocate Walking, of which I did a colossal discouraged at the thoroughness with position before it. Her vast holdings of the introduction of proportional repre- amount, was most instructive, because it which the Prussians stripped the coun- foreign securities will have been sold.sentation, though this, so far as it has afforded me an opportunity to study con- try after the last harvest, and that in Her merchant shipping will have been been tried, does not seem to remove the ditions in the villages. Discreet ques some sections the people are actually heavily depleted by the submarine cam defects of elected asserables, A much tioning gave me accurate, statistics in dying of hunger. Even in Warsaw, the paigns. Her debt will have risen to enor more startling and serviceable suggestion hundreds of these that I visited, and offered from 100 to 900 por contamous proportions. Her taxes will total is that members should be chosen not by

death-rate in some neighbourhoods has many more hundreds that I asked about was witness to German rage when Vis well over 500 millions 2 year, as against districts but by various occupations. It from people whom I met on my travels.

would at least give Parliament a body count Grey stipulated that food could less than 200 millions in 1914, For example, in Oberammergau, which be sent there only if the natives were

of experts instead of a collection of had at the beginning of the war 1,900 allowed to have the produce of their own johabitants, about 300 had been called land. Prussia wanted that produce, and to the Colours when I was there, and of she got it. these 39 had been killed.

I believe that ibe German authorities will agree that my methods were thorough, even from the German stand point. I had an added incentive to be

I mention these supplies here because the Poles who worked to produce them must be included in German labour estimates just as much as though they had been working in Germany.

thorough and work, on original lines, Germany also adds to her man-power since I was fortunate enough to soare by utilizing her wounded so far as pos- possession of an official letter which ad-sible. Her efforts in this direction are vised those whom it concerned to give no praiseworthy, since they not only contri information of value to Americans in

Boheral. Laito get accurate information that the Wilhelmstrasse had singled mo out as one American in particular to whom nothing of value was to be im partedi.

The German, with his cast-in-a-mould mind does not understand the trait developed among other peoples of seeing things for themselves. He is unacquaint- el with originality in human beings. He thinks the stranger does not observe anything unless it is pointed out to him, Last summer, for example, one could learn in the Wilhelmstrasse that the potato crop was a glittering success. By walking through the country and pulling up an occasional plant, also talking to the farmers, 1 concluded that it was a dismal failus, which conclusion I an- nounced in one of my early articles. Recent reports from Germany show that I was right, which increases my convic tion that the confidential tipt given by Germany's professional experts, who in struct neutral visiters, do very well tol make Germany's position seem better tan it actually is, bug they seldom stand the acid test of history,

PEACE WORKERS CALLED TO THE COLOURS.

the Fatherland

Her staple industries will have been sadly deranged by their conversion to manu- facture munitions. The immense war expenditure of the Government which has produced an appearance of extravag- ant prosperity will abruptly Some millions of men will return to civil life. Millions of other bien and women may suddenly find that their labour is being under sold by foreign competitors, that their industries can no longer give them employment,

cease.

amateurs.

This essential book closes with some pointed hints as to changes required in our prehistoric methods of education, "The antagonism of science versus the classics in education is perhaps the most mischievous, and certainly the silliest, of all confusions of issue that prevail at present. All must have a liberal educa tion or a quantum of it. Such an edu

cation should at least rid us of the

politicians and lawyers...trained. to think from hand to mouth.

habitually resistant to ideas," who led

All these things happened, linngh on much smaller scale, after the last catastrophe through which this country passed in the Napoleonic wars. Wages fell from 30s to 10s is the woollen- weaving trade. In Birmingham, of 84,000. people 27,500 were receiving parish relief. Cotton, iron, and wool all felt the draught. Three hundred thousand men, In a provious article I have spoken of suddenly returned to civil life, found dif- the organization of the children, a factor feulty in obtaining employment. Gram which should not be left out of consid-grew on the new houses in Portland- eratton.

bute to the welfare of the State, but bene- at the individual. I have seen soldiers with one leg gone, or parts of both legs gone, doing a full day's work mending

us--unprepared into war, uniforms. The blind are typowriting. which enables them to earn an indepen dent living in Government employ in short, work is found for everybody who can do anything at all.

THE CASUALTIES.

Having considered the assets, let us turn to the debits.

wounds.

place Capital and labour emigrated on a considerable scale. But England was saved because her organisation was ther superior to that of her competitors. She had introduced the factory system, and she had in this an element of strength, which enabled her to recover with un exempled speed.

*

*

O.T.E.

A HEROINE OF 13. FINE COURAGE DURİNG ZEPPELIN RAID..

A little girl of 13 appeared at the Mansion House recently before the Lord Mayor of London, to be presented with

Carnegie Hore Trust rund-for a grea

gold wristlet watch-the gift of the act of heroism she performed during a Zeppelin raid.

Bir Wm. Treloar told of how the little heroing was sitting up with her grand- mother, waiting for her parents coming home, when, the borbs began to fall very tar. At the top of the house the baby stairs were rocking and some of the stops had hes put to bed, and though the had disappeared, the girl's first thought and act was to rush up and bring the infant down. She could not walk dowa, but she toushow got through the wreck ngo into the street. Here in the excessive darkness-all lights having been exting then made her way to a hospital, where the baby was taken into safe custody, and the ageun on examining the girl found her Elceding and wounded, and a piece of glass was taken from her ear. It was, indeed, said the Alderman, & moss heroic thing that the girl had accomplished.

The German ensualty lists. to the end of November total 3.921,889, of which 889.957 have been killed or died of My investigations in Ger- many and the allowances make for the After this war she will be in no such time since. I left Germany lead me to position of assured superiority. As put the German killed or died of wounds against Germany and the United States, to the end of November at 1,200,000 and this little book points out with deadly the total casualties at close to 5,000,000. Iƒ we assume that 50 per cent. of all wound-truth that her industries are veganised on far too small scale. Great Britain ed return to the front and another 25

18 the country of hundred thousand per cent. to service in the interior, wą must also consider in computation of pound businesses; Germany and the mau-power that the casualty lists do not United States the countries of include the vast numbers of invalided million pound businesses, The small and the sick which almost balance those business does not give such security tonished she knelt down and prayeil. She that return to the front. This means, in its employés; it does not secure sue short, that the net losses are nearly as efficiency in control and direction; it great at any one time as the gross losses. worked on too modest a scale to permit Consequently, accoring to myd estimates, of large expenditure sa research. It is there must be at least 4.500.000 Germans not because British business men are out of action at this moment.

"stupid,” “conservative," and all the In a war of attrition it is the number other epithets commonly flung at their of men definitely out of action which heads, that they do not subsidise research,

authors set forth:

ure

WHAT EXTRAVAGANCE MEANS. It is pointed out by a London paper that the epicure, at 4 sitting, may eat. drink, and smoke the equivalent of muaitions to a startling amount; the following of fashion may waste still more on dress; and a yet greater indictment can be levelled against luxurious indolence. A series of comparative values has been worked out, broadly, thus:-10s. saved, say, on feasting, equals 80 cartridges, bottle of champagne equals 100 cartridges, box of cigars equal 400 cartridges, lady's new hat equals for steel helmets, new dress equale four service rifles, diamond tiare equals one field gun, motor car equals aeroplane, piano. 100 shells, and a lap dog equals 20 shells. The injunc tion is pressed honie, first to save, and thea to invest in was loan, as the highest patriotism short of personal national service.

FORTHCOMING EVENTS.

Tuesday, 23rd Jan.- Chinese New Year, Monday, 29th Jan.:-

11,30a.m.-The West Point. Buildings Co., Ltd., Meeting of Shareholders at the Offices of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Cu,, Lil 11.45 a.m.-The Hongkong Central Estate, Ltd., Meeting of Shareholder at the Ofoes of Messrs. Jardins, Matheson & Co., Ltd. Noon-The Hongkong Land Investment aud Agancy Co., Ltd., Meeting of Shareholders at the Offices of Mostra, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd.

12.15 p.x.-Tlie Hongkong Land Reclamation Co. Ltd., Meeting of Shareholders at the Offices of Messrs. Jardino, Mathieson & Co., LAL

Tuesday, 30th Jan,

3 p.m.-Auction of Valuable Leasehold Pro- perty at Sales Rooms, by Mr. Guo, P. Lavomert.

TO THE LADIES. Pinkettes are a boon, ensuring daily regularity, thus removing the causes of sick beadaches, biliousness, facial erup. tions and ill-emailing breath.

PINKETTES

My investigations in convinced me that of the 3,900,000 men between 18 and 43 formely engaged in agriculture, considerably less

than 149,000 continue to be thus ccupied. This work is done by prisoners and women. Mine and metal work have kept from 80 to 70 per cent, of their man of military ago; but transport, already cut some what, lost 25 per went. of the remainder counts, for the German lines can be suc but owing to deeper causes, which the girl of tender years must arouse & thrill post free, 60 cents the phial, from Dr.

cessfully broken, and only successfully broken, when there are not enough men to hold them, The Germans now have in the West probably about 130 divisions. HINDENBURG'S HALF MILLION.

Though a million-pound business may be easily able to sustain and profit by fifty chemists, of whom one now and again makes a paying discovery, it does not follow that a hundred-thousand- pound business can profitably sustain any chemists at all, much less keep up a laboratory for five."

when Hindenburg assumed supreme com mand, which would reduce 650,000 to 300,000. More than 90 per cent, of those engaged in the preparation of food and making clothing have been called up. Thus of the above, about 1,730,000 remain, Hindenburg lovica in the late summer which means that more than 4,000,000 were so enormous that I am convinced bavo been called to the Colours.

from what I saw in Germany that she From building and allied trades at has now called almost everything pos One of Hindeu- least 90 per cent. are in military uni-sible to the Coloure form. Assuming that some 2,000,000 men burg's stipulations in taking command

was that he should always have a force said.

sable engineers, fishermen, chemists, physically wifit, and so forth, we con elude on this basis that Germany can enrol in ber Army and Navy more than

This is profoundly true and admirably The great business, which is more

the dainty little gontle-as-nature laxe The Lord Mayor said such pluck by tives, are obtainable from chemists, or,

01-B1

had shown all those qualities which had of pride throughout the country. She Williams Medicine Co., 98, Szechuen

Road, Shanghai.

Nightingales of the present war, and her in England the Florence produced action would be the admiration of the mutherhood of the country.

PRISONERS IN GERMANY. of military age are 'ncluded in indispen of half a million to throw wherever he and more dominating manufacture both Mr. Cyril Brown, the Berlin corre- wished. We have seen the result in Rou in the United States and in Germany, spondent of the New York Times, mania, and the men skimmed from the has a far higher efficiency than the multi-scribes the disclosures made at the training units then have been replaced farious concerns of our little British in by this last great levy from affilian life. dividualistic system with their rule of Therefore, with something over go-as-you please and laisser faire. Tho 11,000,000 men called up, Germany has larger the scale of the business the now 6.000,000, or a little more all told, botter, many of whom are not at all suited for service at the front.

11,000,000 met.

TWIS

At-

German prison camps which he recently visited. He says that of the vast number of prisoners taken by the Germans less than 30 per cent. are in campa owing to sweeping change in the German prison system. The prisoners are now engaged in productive work. It is estimated that 5 per cent, of them are working, mostly country district, either volun- tarily or compulsarily under a farming- out system, and they are paid wages. The majority of them are in agricultural pursuits or road building and others are in factories and all kinds of busi- neeses, thus greatly adding to Germany's

We may approach the subject from a somewhat different angle by considering what percentage of her total population

"The minor employer deals with his Germany could call to the colours under

meo by the hour, day, or job; he has stress-and she is today under stress. Germany on tho defensive at the Bomme

to take them as they come out of the Savage tribes have been known to put certainly lost at least 600,000 men.

unknown to him; he is unable to treat one-fifth under arms. An industrial trition, to be sure, works both ways, but State such as Germany cannot go to this

if the Germans are out-gunned next year

them generously as they age; he is

extreme.

powerless to help their children; indeed Yet by using every

in the West to the extent expected their within her power she makes a very close deadly work of reducing German man-

to do his duty in any way beyond the position must become untenable.

The

immediate business in hund." approach to it. In practically every

Everything is "in solution power continues even though your line All the old prejudices are rooted up, to-day village of which I secured figures in

does not advance. Saxony, Bavaria, Posen, East Prussia,

of the German front opposite the French excent perhaps among the politicians, war productiveness. It is noticeable West Prusia Pomerania, Mecklenburg last winter which for five months did not where they still survive in their strong that many Englishmen, particularly non- and Oldenburg, a fifth or nearly fifth have an action of sufficient importance est and most mischievous form. But commissioned officers, flatly refuse to have been called up. In some Silesian to be mentioned by either side, in the ready though the people is to make ex-work. They prefer the harder conditions and Rhenish-Westphalian districts, how official reports, yet the Germans lost 10 periments, and strongly though the big of prison life because they cannot re- ever, no more than from a seventh to a per cent, of their effectives in killed. business principle may seem to point to concile working for the enemy with their tenth. It we allow for all Germany a

Socialism, there is a warning to bear in pride as British soldiers.

I know of a section

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No Fire Lasaranes has been effected.. Bills of Lading will be countersigned by

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