1916-12-09 — Page 7

WHAT THE WAR IS COSTING IN MEN.

IN A WAR OF ATTRITION THE ALLIES MUST WIN. '

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 078, 1916,

ECONOMY IN MEN.

THE ANGLO-FRENCH SCIENCE“

OF ATTACK.

One of the best points about our latest. Eighteen and a ball million casualties, Raine on the Somme front is that they cont us so few of our men. Of course of which deaths make up nearly one quarter, is the toll already levied on the no British soldier's life is ever cheap in fighting men of all the belligerent nations British commander's eyes. Every by twenty-six months of war. This gives casualty is & regret. But all losses have aimonthly average of more than 711,000 to be weighed relatively. It may be casualties-killed, wounded, prisoners, relatively to the strength of the positione and missing or more than 165,000 & attacked, or it may be relatively to the week. These appalling figures are publish- losses in similar operationa; or, again, ed by Mr. Frank H. Simonds, perhaps relatively to the extent of the material the best-known authority in the United and the moral victory obtained--the States on the various phases of the value of the ground that is physically European War, and are the result of his gained and the degree in which the examination and analysis of all the avail spirit of the enemy is broken and the able statistics from both belligerent and confidence of our own men is raised. neutral sources. If the war remains a contest of astrition, concludes Mr. Simonds, it will continue to devour human life at this rate for another two years, but victory at the last must be with the Entente Alfies because their total available manpower is two and a half times as great as that of the Central

Powers.

Judged by any of these ataridards our losses in the two battles that have finally given us the command of the high ground from Combles to above the Ancre are extraordinarily small. Thiepval was a fortress of singular strength, even in this battlefield of subterranean fortresses, The Germans valued it like a Gibraltar. Mr. Simonds allots 10,000,000 of the But it cast us fewer men to carry it total casualties to France, Russia, Great on September 26th than it had cost as Britain, and Italy 8,000,000 to Germany in July to take Montauban. For every and Austria, and dividing the remaining three casualties of all kinds incurred by 500,000 among the analler nations us in the engagement, we took two Belgium, Servia, Montenegro, Romania, German prisoners; that is to say, the on one side, and Bulgaria and Turkey enemy's periaatent loss, in prisoners on the other. Here is his table of casualties for the six great Powerslone, was considerably greater than our permanent low from all causes together. A visitor to Martinpuich just after its capture on September 15th, before the dead of either army were buried, was surprised to find the German aniforms far outnumbering the British on the crown of the ridge. It belied everything that one had learnt to believe about the relative expensiveness of attack' and deferive.

involved:

France Russia

ENTENTE POWERS.

Great Britain

Italy

CENTRAL POWERS.-

2,600,000 5,750,000 1,400,000 350,000

10,000,000

4,000.000

4,000,000

8,000,000

Germany Austria

Further examining this granted total of casunities. Mr. Bonds Bads that the percentage of denths is about twenty-four, That is to say, the number of men killed in the war to date in 4,500,000. word, the war that broke out over Servia has already killed a number of men equal to the whole population of the little Balkan State. Discussing the meaning of the figures he has compiled, Mr. Simunds says:

MORE EXPERIENCED BOLDIERS.

VON SPEE AND THE FIGHT| OIL FIELDS OF ROUMANIA.

-OFF - CORONEL.

[TRANSLATED BY THOMAS P. A. SMITH, PH.D.]

The petroleum springs of Rumai BRITISH GOVERNMENT EXCHEQUER BONDS

TO located at Prahova, Dambovitza, Bacau and Harau. The allied cause The following is a description by Admiral would lose a good deal if we lost von Spee, the German commander, of the Bumabia; for Rumania produces over Battle of Coronel, fought off the Chilian 2,000,000 tons of oil per annum, and since coast on November 1st, 1914, when the the declino of Gel ois she has become the British cruisers Good Hope and Monmouth second greatest sil-producing country in were sunk with all their men and the Europe. This has made ber an execed- British commander, Rear-Admiral Sir Cingly valuable member of the Grand Cradock, was killed. The document is of Alliance in a commercial as well as extreme interest, as von Spes perished military sense. The finance of the few weeks after his victory in the Battle Rumanian oilfields is very cosmopolitan, of the Falkland Islands,

and unly a few of the wells are coxi November 2nd, 1914

trolled by British capital. The preponde Yesterday was All Saints' Day and n lucky day for us. I was cruising withing influence before the war was the squadron southwards along the coast German, and the capitalists of Berlin when I received intelligence that an

must have been chagrined and incensed English cruiser had put in to Coronel, Paris contemporary formation bas when Rumunia joined the Allies Our small coaling harbour near Concepcioncompiled a very exhaustive review of the

As a warship cannot stay longer than twenty-four hours in à neutral part I Present position of the Rumanian vil determined to intercept her, I placed companies, which reveals the extent to which the ramifications of Germa skips so that Varner sheld run up finance have penetrated the industry. before the harbour to see if the energy out of £20,000,000 of capital invested ship was still in there, while my remain- ing ships waited somewhat farther out in the Rumanian oil business, £,920,000 somewhat is of German origin, the Datch coming At 4.25 my squadron, was spread out when it was reported that next with £2,740,000. The gross profit two ships had been sighted in the west

£4,000,000, and the net profit £1,680,000. south-west.

Ordering the other ships to join me I held in that direction, for it was evident the mouth and Gleeyou, Soon after that they must be eneiny ships-in fact, wards the auxiliary cruiser Otranto appeared and then a little later the armoured craiser Good Hope. The enemy attempted some manures with the object, I believe, of getting nearer to the const, which would have been harmful

to me.

the oil companies in 1918, was about The intervention of foreigners and financiera has given a great impetus to only to 80,000 tans in 1895, and 250,000 Ramanian ail production. Amounting. tons in 1900, the total output In 1005 exoceded 600,000 tons. By 1910, it had risen to 1,350000 tons, and in 1913, to nearly 1,000,000 tons, representing a gross value of £5,280,000, As Constanza was the entrepot for a large part of the output the capitulation of this town is a to the petroleum industry. matter of grave importanes

Gneisenau to get all their boilers to work, I immediately ordered Schurakurst and

and in fifteen minutes I was running at twenty knots against a benvy sea and get parallel to the enemy, but had to await Every British soldier feels that if his the other ships. The enemy was so oblig- MONEY WASTED ON FOOD. life is to be spent it will be made to going as not to disturb me in this unders as far towards buying victory as one life can, and that victory is surely to be had at the present price in lives. That is all a soldier wants. He does not men sure casualties absolutely, but always relatively to the achievement of which they are incidents. And, this measured, he is satisfied that our recent casualtion are light.

་

Ono of the causes of their revent de cline is that he himselt has become a African War taught him to use cover, the more expert soldier. As the South

present war has taught him how to advance safely under the fire of his own artillery, neither rushing so fast as to bomb into our barrage nor losing momen- tuni in attack through excessive caution against overruning,

The value of ex-

perience is shown by the exceptionally o casualties in recent engagements of a particular Division which bag been exceptionally long in action-altogether, since July let

themL

A. MIOLING" (DRAS,

i

taking. The distance between us was about 15,000 yards..

When my ships-except the Nürburg which was nowhere in sight-had co. up at ten minutes past 97%, f began to diminish the distance. And when we were about 10,000 yards off I ordered the firing to commence. The battle liad begun and with a few changes of me I led the line quite calmly.

Every penny counts in the kitchen now days Food prices have mounted rapidly. They are likely to keep high. You can't afford to waste; that is very certain.

To go hungry because food is not obtain. able is bad enough! But to starve in the midst of plenty with good money in your pocket and no hindrance to buying—13 I had manœuvred so that the sun in the infinitely woran Yet, this is what a host of west could not disturb me. The moon in people are doing today. Starving,, mind bright night. There were scade of rain onnot properly digest the food they eat, the east was not yet full but promised no, not for the lack of food, but because their digestive organs have lost tone and in various directions.

Remember, it is not what you eat, but what you digest, that nourishes your body and sustains your life.

My ships fired rapidly and with success against the big ships Seherahurst engaged Good Hope (Admital Cradock's mouth, Leipzig against Glasgow, and the flagship) Gaeisenau fired on the Mon- Dresden against Otranten The last-rinned ship left the line after a time and, I be lieve, cscaped.

processes into a condition in which it an Unless food is converted by the digestive be absorbed into the system, muscles, bone, nerves and brain are slowly but surely starved. In other words, they fail to get. all the nourishment they need to keep thom strong and healthy.

Food in poolt a case is indeed sometimes positively harmful. It hinders instead of helps, weakens instead of strengthens How Because it fermente in the stomach or intestines Impurities are given off affect disastrously the hole body. which find their way into the blood and

If you would get full value from the food you nat, you must see to it that your diges tive organs are always equal to the work you give them to do. Now and then, from one cause of another, they may lose as At such times you will and it better to sava a shilling or two on food and spend it, an Mother Beigel's Byrap than to pile up misery for yourself, by continuing to eat. more than your weakened organs can properly digest.

AND WAR SAVINGS CERTIFICATES.

+

PPLICATIONS may be made through the undernoted Banks, from whom fall Informas

Hon and the necessary forms may be obtained p

Chartered Bank of India, AusTRALIA & CHINA.

·Horonowo¬& Shanowar Banking CorporATION,

Kecantile Bank of India, Læd,

6% EXCHEQUER BONDS

Repayable 1920

Those Bonda, and the internet thereon, are free of Income-Tar, if in the beneficiat. aperakip of persons not ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Ireland

Bonds are issued in denominations of £100, £260, £300, £1,000 and £5,000. The interest is payable half-yearly on 16th February and 16th August. Bonds can be obtained to "Bearer" or they may be registered in the broke of the Bank of England.

A declamation regarding exemption from Income Tax is necessary in the case of Bearer Blonde, but the interest warrazta relating to registered Bonds, without any deduction of Income Tax, can be sont direct to the owner of such registered Bonds or to his basiker. ⠀

>.

WAR SAVINGS CERTIFICATES

Value 5 years after purchase,

Purchase Price. £387 10 0.

15%. 6d.

£500

£1

FREE OF INCOME TAX,

For every 158. 6d. lent now £1 will be paid in 5 years' time, equivalent to 5 per cent. compound interest. No Income Tax will be payable.

Anyone, whatever his or her income may be, can buy War Savings Certificates up to a maximum of 500 £1 Certificates in all, or their equivalent.

Meanwhile the money may be withdrawn in full at any time, with an addition after the first year.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS.

(1) A Certificate entitles the purchaser to receive £1 for each 15s. 6d. on the Afth anniversary of the date of purchase, free of income tax in respect of the accumulated interest. (2) A Certificata is not transferable except by permission of the Postmaster-General ; a foo of in. will be charged in respect of each transferee, In the event of death, the same ralos will be applied as in the case of Savings Bank Deposits.

(3) On written application (on a form obtainable at any Post Office) being made to the Controller, Money Order Departmert, London, the purchase price, or part thereof in

of multiple 15s, 6d, will be repaid at say time, with an addition of 3d, for such lös, dd, on the first anniversary of the date of purchase, and with a further addition of 1d. per Iis. 6d, for each month thereafter.

(6) No person may hold more than 500 £1 Certificates or their squivalent.

The £1 Certificates (purchase price 15s. 6d) are issued in book form. The Certificates for £12 (purchase price £3 6.) and £25 purchase price £19 78, 6d,) are issued without books. The £1, 212 and 125 Cortiñestes are on sale at local Post Offices and at most Banks,

Single Certificates for sums from £100 to £500 may be obtained on application to the Comptroller and Accountant General, General Post Office, London; application forme are - available at all Post Offices and at most Banks.

If Certificates be kat, and the serial numbers can be farnished to the Controller of the Money Order Department, new Certificates will be issued at a charge of 1s, :

„GENERAL POST OFFICE, LONDON,

June, 1916

EXAMPLES OF INVESTMENT IN WAR SAVINGS CERTIFICATES.

Purchase Price

SELLE

3400% WAAR

FOOT.

C.

887 10 310 232 10 155

893 16 815 286

Value After.

3 years.

443 15

255

286 5

157 10

177 10

468 15 -$75 281 5 187-10-

500

400

77 10

78 15

88. 15

93 15

100

38 15

39 7

$

6

46 17

15 10

1515

18

18 18

715

·7:17 8

3 17

6

3 18 9

8-7 4

6

8 17

6

97

:9

489.

418 9 15-

3 11

6

2 78

2.10 3

2 18 8

8 15 216.3

8 1. 11

15

1 18 6 1629

17

This renowned remedy clears the system.B-The Investment may be any multiple of 158. 63. up to £387 10s.

172

of the injurious products of indigestion, and by toning up and stimulating the stow- ach, liver and bowels enables you to digest, and draw nourishment from what you cat You, will then no longer have to deplore money wasted on food

At the moment when the war broke on the four great Powers united against population of around 300,000,000. The Gerany and Austria had a European combined population of Austria and Ger- many was 120,000,000. Now there is no question more keenly debated than that of the proportion of a total national po pulation which can be reckoned as capable of bearing armis. It may be 10 per cent. it may be 12, but it will be the same for all nations, approximately. We may Bay, then, that at the outset of the war the Allies had available a man-power of

MONMOUTH'S END. 30,000,000, the Central Powers, a man

Fires broke out in Good Hope and power of 12,000,000. If the Allies have

Moninauth. There was a tremendous ex now Buffered casualties amounting to

plosion in the former which looked like 10,000,000, one-third of their whole force

But the main cause of the general rea splendid firework dieplay against the has been temporarily or permanently incapeitated. But if the Central Powers duction in our losses is the general dark sky. The glowing white flames have suffered casualties amounting to advance in the Allied armies of the mingled with bright green stars shot up common to a great height. I felt sure that the 8,000,000, two-thirds of their man-power science of attack. It has been.

went on uninter has been temporarily or permanently and an equal advance, brought about by ship would sink, but no, she was still incapacitated.

the the Now in the ease of the German cha most constant and generous interruptedly to fight w

Meanwhile it had become dark. I had official figures we saw that the total of tions between heads of departments in diminished the distance between us to permanent casualties (killed, prisoners, the French and British armies. One new 8,000 yards, then I turned so far that it and badly wounded), with relation to expedient may, originate in one army gradually iBoreased. The enemy's ships total casualties, was 50 per cent. Accept and one in the other. But all are pooled, could only be made out by the fires, but ing this ratio we may say that the per- and it is a point of bogour with each the cannonade was kept up against them manent loss of the Allies has been. 1,000,000 and of the Central Powers army to place its own Ends at the and only ceased when the gunners could 4,000,000. In other words, the Allies common service without making any no longer him. The enemy fire had bave permanently lost one-sixth of their claim for separate credit for fading ceased; and I ordered the small cruisers to take up the pursuit. But as it seemed man power, the Central Powers ong third. And this ratio will remain-cor The minute and precise co-operation of that he had succeeded in extinguishing stant, whether the various nations are artillery and infantry, the exact instruc- the fires on board, to trace of him could able to put 10 per cent or 19 per cent,tion of gunners by airmen before and be found, and steaming round the enemy

line, in order to get it into a favourable of their population into the field.

during an attack, the scientific use of } Here is the foundation of all that, aerial photography-all these are develop light, brought no further result. The has been said about attrition, since the ments in which very few persons indeert artillery battle had lasted 52 minutes..

At 8.40 p.m. I was on a N.W course way began. In a war of exhaustion the are qualified to say which of the Allied and heard artillery are ahead at a very weaker foros must ultimately lose if the armies has taken the lead at one moment great distance (estimated at 10 to 11 war continues steadily a trial of en or another; and thuse few would be the miles). I made towards it to help durance In the end if the German last to say it. Of course, in all adapta necessary. It came from the Adrrrpl Mother. Beigel's Byrup, and this letter continue to lose at the rate of a third tions of new improvements in tactics, or which had failed to get into touch with of theirs manpower in the time in which the Allies and lope-sixth, the Ger-strategy, regard must be had to national us and had accidentally fallen in with many and their allies must suecub. temperament Of two methods, both the Monmouth in flight. The latter listed And the first twenty six months of the good in themselves, one may be more heavily to the starboard side, Virulery | world-war this has been approximately congenial to the French character and went close in (ging dicht heruu) and I tried all possible means to combat my the ratio of losses in the two camps," the other to the English. A wise com- faished her off with gun fire. Monmouth complaints, but nothing helped or gave me any reliefe Tworvents ago I was reomn Pointing it that it requires not mander, in either arniy, will act accord turned over and went, down.

Unfortunately the heavy seas rendered mended to use Mother Beigel's Syrup, and much less than 5,000,000 men to hold the ingly, timing rather at balance or cor-

rescue work impossible, added to which that seemed to be the remedy I had been in, present lines of the Central Powers, respondence than at identity or practice. Nürnberg thought, she had seen search of. A few doses gave me relief, ant eliminating the Bulgars and the Turks," But every improvement of methed, every Hope in the vicinity an asumption Mr. Simonds goes on to jay :—

Form of dexterity newly acquired in

which was, doubtless, incorrect. Prob- We do know wand a half times other. To that extent the two armits are

population of either army, is communicated to the ably in the moonlight at a great distance the Allied nation is

she mistook one of our cruisers for the skeligt khé Central Poers: We do know

Goud Hape I do not know what became that their losses have been, it actually greater than the German and Austrinn. For peuple at home this fact is some of the latter. Lieutenant G., who had relatively much sinnlig regard being had times a little obscured by our nation to had & uavy list, and when I recall opportunity to observe, believed that she for their tota man-power? and this habit of self-depreciation. We always means that they are certain to have find it a little difficult to believe that the incidents I am inclined to think be If Good Hope has escaped, then in my was right, although during the battle opinion she will be compelled by her reserves to call upon when the reserves we can be acting sensibly. It would be believed it to have been as appearance juries to put into a Chilian harbour. of fund Central, Piers have beent, ex a mistake to let this modest disposition Kansted... KALNA Dgo so far as to underrate the gnal, caused by the movements of the ship in an order to find out I am going to-morrow

Nom af the Sentral Powers, have. I

lost generous, and self-postponing comrade heavy son. It is quite possible that she with, Gusena and Margher into 1,000,000—that is, ship of the French army and our own in abled. The Gleagog could hardly be sought refuge there I shall endeavour to sank in any case, she was completely dis Valparaiso. Should the Good Hope have daly(1,000,000 out of 18,00 permanently, the war, they may want me in the stilful application of its but in my opinion she made good her Chilian authorities, and shall then be thers what may be called the research work of seen; it is supposed that she got hit too have her disarmed and interned by the be able go of for something less than results. The simultaneous recent reducescape.

rid of two strong opponents. two years more, losing at the same rate, tion in both armies of the rate of casual- Thus we are victorious along the whole before they will be unable to put 5,000,000 in the field. They will go longer ties sustained, in proportion to military if their losses are not as great, but they advantage secured, is the best proof that will go a shorter time if, as seems to be the brains of each army are doing their the case now their losses increase with share. greater pressure on all sides

twenty-my montis,

"

In confirmation of the remarkable efficacy...

and sleepless nights, and an rising in the morning was usually afflicted with a split- ting headsobe, and found food utterly dis- tasteful.

soon recovered my health and strengin. Seizei's Syrup, as I have not suffered I attribute my recovery entirely to Mother since from any of the above, symptoms it proves the cure a permanent one. ”--- ----

Las

line, and I think God for the victory. God hose is bigger than Scharnhorst, We have been protected in an absolutely but her artillery is not so powerful It marvellous manner; we have no losses to is true ale bas heavy guns, bat only two mourn. There were a few cases of of them, mouth, on the other hand, slightly wounded in Griesendu; the small isimlerior to the Scharnhorst, as she had Only, one thing is certain we can't

cruisers, did not receive a single hit. only Bin. guns. The English have an- while the hits acored on Scharnhorst, and other ship out here like the Monmouth, Bay when exhaustion will come, because.

"Our army has not yet reached the Gneisenau have inflicted hardly any anil, I believe further, ship of the line can only guess at the figures of casual- trs: But, we can say, that it will come, senith of its power, nor will it have done damage at all. I found one 6in. shell in Queen's class), with 19in gaps. Against so until next spring, or possibly next the steersman's cabin in the Scharnhost the latter we could hardly do anything that it will come to the weaker party summer. I think we have reached the it had bored through an unmoured at all. If the English had kept their which is the Central Aliance, first; and top of the hill, but there is an undulating spot, broken a lot of things, but for forces together then we should certainly 1 that it will come while the opposing table land 1 cross before we really get alliance has still abundant supply of

on to the down-grade portion beyond,unately had not exploded, and lay there have got the worst of it

but not so badly as to prevent you can hardly imagine the joy which en to keep its armies at the maximum

At least we have of necessary strength. Conceivably the This joy, be steep, 10 may be quite it performing its functions. Similar prevails among us. Germans may win the war, possibly the gentle slope. But it will be down-hill trivialities occurred in Gaessenau. been able to add to the glory of our

work, and comparatively easy.”

as

it

GERMAN ENTHUSIASM.

arton.

*

+

*

November 3rd, 1914.. We have arrived at Valparaiso this

The news of our naval victory had not and Consul Gumprecht came aboard. morning, Legation Secretary von Erekert

On landing to visit the chief of the station preceded us, but it very soon spread:

Allies may win the war bat if it goes on To supplement this we have Mr S. 8. I do not know what unfortunate cir

is now going, if it turns on battle McClure e testimony that when he was Jossen, it it remains & contest of attrition,

in France a few weeks ago some of the cumstancey could have prerailed with the the ultimate outcome is, patent.RAJA

That the Allies share this belief in their French troops were being demobilised opponent which deprived him of any and men is STOTINDURY I Was especially pleased ultimate but not immediate victory is and seat home. And a Stockholm dis-every success. The enthusiasm among our evidenced by the following statement patch to the New York Times quotes

That the Nurnberg, which, through no made on 25th October, by General Bir distinguished neutral resident in Berlin Henry Rawlinson, General Haig's right saying: "It may be taken as quite fault of her own took me part in the

definite that the German suthorities / battle itself, was still able at the end to there was a huge crowd round the landi hand man in the Somme offensive:

(Continued at joot of next Column.)

realize that the war is lost."--Literary Digest.

contribute to our success

(Continued at foot of next Column.)

ing-stage, while groups here and there shouted Hurrak"-Daily Mail.

At times of crisis it must be Bovril

DHE

PRITISH, TO. THE BACKBONE.

SWAN

FOUNTPEN.

NEEDS NO COAXING It's made right To write right.

That's why it's the most popular

Fountyen.

Does not Leak, Beustch or Bry Fitted with Gold Iridium Tipped Nib. WHERE IS YOURS ?

THY ONE NOW! Bold by JEWELLERS, STATIONERS AND

· IMPORTERS. MÁBIE, TODD & Co., Manufactumes, LONDON,

LUBE

"SWAN"

INK.

CATALOGUE FREE