1916-12-07 — Page 7

BRITAIN'S DAUGHTERS.

BILENT HEROISM OF THE MUNITION FACTORIES.

BY HALL CAINE AT WOOLWICH.] When the Imperial Chancellor opened the Reichstag the other day he tried to account for the reserves of the German army by saying it had had to face the whole world's output of ammunition

We are not Nothing of the kind. insensible of the importance of the con- tribution to our equipment which has como to us from foreign countries, Nor are we ungrateful for it. But if Germany must woods ignore or minimise the gallantry of our soldiers in the field and account for its losses in terms of shells, let it know that it has not been the men of the neutral nations but the women of our own Empire who have been the determining force in battering its We trenches and breaking its legions. have always been proudly conscious of what the sons of Britain have been doing But is it not time wo realised, not merely in abstract phrases or yet definite figures, but vividly, tangibly, and as by the evidener of our own eyes, what the daughters of Britain are doing at home?

at the front.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 7TH, 1916,

The sense of silent, irresistible, oceanic, almost motionless power has left you breathless.

SHELL-POWER.

LIFE IN AN N.P.E.

CUTLER PAIMER & CO'S.

NAPIER

women looke simple enough, and seems now shining, and in the distance, under Perhaps Mr. Montagu, the Minister of HVNIINPA

some open air convent.

It is a broad encampment of small one- child in the jaws of some great black monster she does not seem to be the least storey wooden houses or hute, separated afraid. Hore is another young girl who from each other by a liberal appce, and After another few minutes you are in is feeding a round disc with bits of metal having wide streets between, with raised the smelting-house. Here are lines of that look like discoloured farthings, and causeways on either side Down the furnaces, some locked, but with gleams as her own particular Caliban cate the middle of the streets are lines of hooded of imprisoned are looking out at you from up it utters from its interier horse and darkened lampa at long and unequal the interstices of the shutters like grant that hits you like a blow on the intervals; but the streets bere are not for traffo. Within this sone there is hardly a ferocious eyes, sonic open and pour out brain, yet she does not seem to hear.

But most of the work done by the sound or sign of motion. The moon is yellow metal into moulds in blue and yellow flame. Then there are huge ovens. from whose glittering depths, lit as by perfectly natural to their sex, although its slow-growing light, we see the shadowy it has always hitherto been done by men. figures of women workers in their khaki thousands of electric lamps, lying rik bons of red-hot stoel are being drawn at One woman is turning base plates for gowns and caps, moving noiselessly about

Another is like ли the ends of pincers by half-stripped men shells on a turret lathe.

We could almost imagine with the sweat pouring down their cutting copper bands for shells from that out of the noise and tumult, the thad

Then smithies, where tubes. Another is pressing the copper blackened faces. shells in their earliest processes. are being bands into their places. Yet another is an roar of the forges behind us, with shaped, under fire and banner, from riveting brass plugs on to high explosive their tall chimneys showing black against rough blocks of metal into round things shell bodies. Some are drilling the holes the steel-grey sky, we have passed into with noses, and flung off from the cranes through the Gin, shells. Others are rough the calm rest and silent atmosphere of or anvils to roll away and cool. And turning the shell surfaces.

A Zeppelin might drop a bomb on this then underground pits of fire, from which others ato gauging and parting-off the sinuous tongues of many-coloured flames bodies of the huge sin, high explosives. noiseless place without doing much mis Bat what of the peril within are escaping into the air-reminding you. Many are making shell fuses, a task in chief. if you have travelled so far, of the boil

in it? We walk along our causeway ing solfataras on the breast of Hecla which women have become amazingly itself, and the courage required to work proficient, and many more are at work among which you have walked with fear, at the inspection board, where, being until we come to one of the detached knowing that one false step might be trained to the use of one gauge only, they wooden huts. The door is open (for fresh fatal, or, perhaps, with the intoxicating have developed an efficiency to which men air is wanted) and electric light is stream

All this sounds fames of sulphur in your nostrils, drop have never attained.

portentous in description, but at close ing out of it. A dozen women are sitting ped to your knees and crawled.

within at two oblong tables, weighing quarters it looks astonishingly simple, The machines themselves seem almost and measuring out in little brass scales, human in their automatic intelligence, like a chemist's with all the care of and if you show a proper respect for their apothecaries, small quantities of black, Bo the women get along recall in their volcanic colouring the impetuous organism they are not gen-green, yellow, and bluish powder (which erally cruel. feed, and control it. Sometimes her Caltanasetta), and then pouring them very well with them, learning all their lakes of Kruisivik and the pits of limitations. It is surprising how speedily into the open mouths of half-empty shells the women have wooed and won this now that stand upright by their sides. kind of male monster.

THE ONE TEST.

But perhaps the most awesome of all To do this we must get close to the mighty army of women in our manition sights in Woolwich is thint of the big factories, and we cannot do better than furnace house for manufacturing the take a first sight of them at their work steel. I think I have witnessed in various st Woolwich. The enemy knows Wool-parts of the world many scenes of Nature with, where and what it is; therefore a her wrath-scenes of earthquake, there can be no danger of revealing oruption, tidal wave, geyser, and boiling secrets. But though the vast Arsenal is river-but I doubt if I have ever been at our own doors, tow of us who sleep more awed, more moved, and, in a senee, in Loudon under the broad shadow of its more terrified than by the spectacle here wings, javo any real sense of its colossal presented of the physical forces of Nature

And yet

THE TRAGEDY OF WAR,

A

(DY ARNOLD BENNETT.] You see the letters N.P.F. on the door. mat of the offices,

They stand for National Projectile Factory. I know not how many N.P.Fs. there are in Britain.

knows. This particular Munitions, factory is a very large one. It has over eleven acres beneath a single roof.. farmer can visualise a ten-acre field, but to the man in the industrial street an acre is a mere terin. Imagine an area of one mile long by a hundred feet brund. That is, roughly, the area of the factory, a square. Over 5,000 "hands." (the more though naturally its shape is much neuror souls") spiritual Russians would say are employed there, and of these very considerably over half are women, of whom a large part are young or youngish.

the Army. and attractive, and possess husbands in

For Own

presence, its immopso signiacance, the chained and harnessed to the work of is laid out on a simple, methodical plan. at all. Perhaps their work requires all and rarely getting anything bettor than

tremendous force it stands for. Its origin

Now you can observe an N.P.F. ip There is the human various aspects, aspect of its picturesque adjuncts. instance, the canteen, ander its soparate roof, with a prodigious verandah for the al fresco, surpassing town halls in size, and supplying all the diverse cooking and eating accommodation which their bread ought to be buttered require, young women who know on which side

lavatories--I never saw before, and do not hope to see again, so many white faience There are the women's dressing rooms and basins with hot and cold water, rows and rows and rows, and scores in a row. There is the ambulance station, with every device, and a nurse always waiting in The vast workshop we are walking in

They talk very little-indeed, hardly the secret expectation of a "major" case, How can I, who have no mechani- The Inthes are ranged in regular in their attention; perhaps their spirits are

a scratch or a cut. There are the women men. dates back to the days of other wars, but cal science, convey a sense of it? A huge along the length of the place with alle under the spell of the deadly things they in the roof controlling the overhead ways, called streets, between them. A few of the lathes seem when the present war began its workors clay-coloured oven, shapeless like a wart,

to work almost are dealing with. Some of them are wear-travelling electric cranes that comungad were only 14,000 in all, without a woman thirty to forty feet high, topped with an

automatically and to require little or no ing over their mouths and nostrils light, every foot of the floor space. Each has a rope to slide down by in an emergency, of their number. Now there are 17,000 open mouth like the crater of a small

volcano, belching out a thick column of attention, but before each of the other green veils that are like the veils of Arab

and for practice sake she is ebliged to women within its high walls, and b

Sometimes herence to danger, have tucked their respi-slide down that repe at least once a week. mon besides. But that is not all. Not-hungry hame, which comes with a blast machines a woman stands to start, stop, women inverted; others, in their indiffer withstanding its fierce reality, Woolwich and roar as from the bowels of the earth, feed, and control it. is a symbol rather than a geographical driven up by some frantic subterranean machine goes wrong, a strap breaks or a rators into their waist bands, and are There are the other women, who drive the of line-sitting in a sort of easy chair, exprrasion. To that centro on the Thames, tempest, and scattering showers of blue tool wears out, and then a male mechanic, working with nostrils and mouths ex-electric carriages on the floor itself-miles

known as a setter, steps ap to set it posed. It is not for long we can bear to three and a half miles by two and a half, stars in a ring about it. The light is so

a scene like this, so fearfully and tickling lovers. (Six inch and 9in. a woman's muscle to master it, and then charged with spiritual &g

shells are not to be lightly thrown about. well as with its numberless workshops, its endless fierce that you put coloured glasses before right. Sometimes it requires more than look on avonues, and its hundred and twenty your eyes to protect them; the noise is 80 miles of internal railway, there radiate deafening that it drowns all human male labourer has to be called to pull the physical tragedy, and when we step back The latter weigh more than is man, and it takes either electricity-or-two men to scores of associate "speech. And around the furnace stand crank-or-turi the loverIn cross-street to the causeway outside we breathe more shift them to and fro; electricity does 20 the activities of

fore-women sit at desks, or walk to and freely. It is still very quiet. The moon-

por cent, of the shifting). factories round about, so that 30,000 the half-stark furnacemen, fifteen workers more, chially women, (97,003 in twenty feet away, but within the radius fro at the heads of their sections, and up light is now shining clear on the wraith- all are feeding this almost fathomless of its sweltering heat, silhouetted even in and down the alleyways the under-fore like figures which are moving silently reservoir. Woolwich is a great mechani- the glistening light of the vast chamber women, with their account books, pass

river must be somewhere near, for we hear cal octopus, with arms that reach over, against the white glare of the rossing from operator to operator, to take tally to and fro in their rubber slippers. The

oven. At the first moment you lose con- of the work that has been done.. across, and around London and the coun

All the women wear the same auiform, the sirens of the steamers that are sciousness of the actual purpose of this try about it:

Has the world ever witnessed a mightier gigantic agent of man's will, and think a khaki-coloured overall girdled at the ailing by, and sometimes the lap of the xample of human force? To think of the of it instinctively as a great sacrificial waist, and a cap of the shape of a bath-running waters. We have a mase, too, of the imminent presence of the great city building of the Pyramids of Egypt is te altar to some pagan deity-some far more ing cap. This is in the interests of safety, that is unseen and unbeard from here, fill the mind's eye with

of real and terrible apleaping of heavenly lest the dress or the hair of the operator innumerable armies of labourers, like or hellish fire than ever struck down to should be caught in the pulleys and belts though not far away. Its tumultuous trains of human ants, conveying gigantic their knees in worshipful awe the terrifed of the machinery; but it has the further life must now be at the high tide of masses of stone across the desert from the multitudea before the altars of Pompeii. and not altogether negligible advantage, early evening, with its darkened but quarries of the Mokattem hills to the But you are brought back to the reality in the eyes of the mufe creature, of being crowded thoroughfares, its hurrying taxis, its glimmering theatres, its surg plains of Meas. But Woolwich is a yet of the modern world a few minutes later extremely becoming. If there is any man

And is it only an greater and more awesome vision than when you cross to the shed in which theis London who can pass through the working railway stations, and its feces, facos that, especially new, at this very moment, big guns, forged and finished, le resting shops of Woolwich without thinking he faces everywhere. though we who walk the neighbouring for a while before their removal to the has been, looking at some thousands of effect of the strained and perhaps dis sreets of the Metropolis think so little shipyards and the front. The gigantic the best-looking young women in the rdered condition of one's nerves, at

things are almost beautiful in their sleek.

Eight of world is certainly not the present sight of these brave and fearless women and shiny blue-black costs. their kind may protrude from the decks of writer. Their hard work does not seeming with deadly explusives the shells a great battleship like the Queen Elizn to be doing much harm to their health, that are soon to batter down the tren beth, and, as the round breech of one of for their eyes are bright, their checks are ches of the enemy who lies in wait behind them is swung back like the door of a fresh, and there is hardly any evidence them to kill their husbands and lovers safe, and you look down the shining and of fatigue among them. The clamorous on the battlefield, that as one stands in tapering barrel to the far-off mouth, it is and deafening noise of the machinery, the breathless silence of this sombre spot, easy to imagine that the grey waters of its jar and whirr and clank, which makes one thinks one bears the low, deep, far-off the North Sea are heaving beyond it, your temples throb, sings (after their booming of the great guns across the

sca 1 while the enemy ships are lying on the first days in the factory) like music in edge of the horizon, in their low visibility their cars, and they would miss it if it against a misty sky

about it.

HOME OF THE GUNS.

Visions!

at

to

IN THE DANGER ZONE.,

is a scene proper for man's work only the finished shells are filled. Everybody

mind compared with the realities of that mightiest of all tragic poeta war. Daily Telegraph.

"UNEMPLOYED "

SENT TO GERMANY.

LONG QUEDES or WOMEN. There are still other women in pag-top trousors. These last piquant creatures start with two-minute points near the ground, and very often finish near the top with an elaborate white lacy corsage or a flowing glowing scarf. The pheno mena looks queer in a factory. It ought to bo far more prevalent. I liked to see a girl-checker delicately rolling a Sis. boot that peeped out beneath the yellow shell over with her fashionable glacé kid overall. These things, happily, will peep strange personal belongings in the wire out. So will the vase of fowers and the cage cupboard, of which each machinist has one near her machine. There are the long queues of women in variegated strest attiro at the pay-doak Pay from 6,501-7,020 is one of the sigus).

"War Bavinga are the war-savings desku astutely placed next to the pay-desks. Cortificates. They are subscribing to-day Are you subscribing!" in the section.

Another aspect of the colossal organiem Well, as a rule, she was is the checking and testing aspect. If you examine this long enough you will become obsessed by it, so that you will arrive at the stage of thinking that the manufacture of shells consists chioly in Every shell, BS checking and testing, soon as it has cooled from the red-hot

There

condition, is provided with its biography which it bears on a card in its cavity. Everywhere on the walls are tabular

Known as the

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WHISKY.

ESTABLISHED

1745.

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By permission of Mr. Montagu, the Minister of Munitions, and with hin approval, we enter the gates of the great Arsenal. The space outside is a square of irregular shape, to which many streets are converging, like rivers running to the mouth of an estuary. The rivers are always flowing. The scene reminds us of

For conturies the spirit of mankind the human tide outside the gate of an Eastern city, and, if less picturesque, it

stopped. They work day and night, in has knelt at the feet of its great creators, Nor is your spell broken, though the two shifts of twelve hours each with aits Miltons and its Dantes, in awe of is more urgent. Electric cars come clang: ing along the busy thoroughfares, stop, scene of your vision is changed, when you break of an hour for dinner and half autheir awful imaginings. But what are discharge people who are going in at the look up to the hundred-ton crane (wide hour for tea. Their pay, which is usually the highest reaches of the imaginative Outside the rails stand the town police; as the Strand) that will soon lift these by the piece, is generally large, the gates, take up others who are coming out,

mammoth creatures into the cradles that

statements which are continually being inside wait the polico of the Arsenal. You will carry then away, and is now rolling minimum being, I think, a pound a week,

added to. are challenged, questioned, summoned to

At every corner stand girls over your head to the bell-like clangour and the maximum five or seven pounds. a neighbouring lodge to present your of its swinging chains, and see above it.

and men writing down figures in rote credentials und register your name, through the darkening air (for the day But you realise that the lure of money

books. Every shell ia gauged for all its guide is assigned to you (or perhaps the now fading) the light coming from the is not the sole or yet the chief magnet.

dimensions. It is also weighed, for a chief superintendent himself undertakes glass roof of the lofty iron-framed shed that draws women to work for the war

BELGIANS | shell may be right in dimensions and yet your direction), and you begin on your

as from the open top of some Roman when you leave this immense workshop

wrong in weight, in which case it won't is difficult tour of inspection. It

first

do. Every gauge is periodically tested Surely this, and such as this, for the sinister-looking sheds in which to realise where you are, so complete is temple,

by experts in the gauge-testing room. the change from the world you have left for man's muscle, man's naked and knows that a shell is not merely a lump Reports have reached the Telegraaf And a certain percentage of shells, whon GRASSHOPPER without. You are walking between two blackened body, man's brain, and man's dead steel, but a living reservoir of from the frontier describing the whole they are almost finished, are deliberately lines of old guns on their gun-carriages, serve alone. Every instinet of our *many of them broken, splintered

nature revolts against the thought that compounds which have been brought up sale removal of Belgian civilians to sawn to pieces again, and samples of shattered, all red with rust or encrusted

delicate from the bowels of the earth and trans-Germany. Many employed men able to their steel turned into bars of a given woman, with the infinitely with hard-baked mire. from the front for repair, with the scars maternal functions, should, under anybody knows, too,

They are back organisation which provides for her formed into terrible explosives, Every bear arms, as well as unemployed, have diameter, and these bars are fractured, that somewhere the been removed. Fathers of families who or rather pulled in two, by machines of a given power, and the quality of the of battle on their faces, and for a moment circumstanes whatever, take part in the womb of the shell has to be loaded with left their homes in several villages were

steel thus laid bare for inspection. In the fracturing rooi on shelves are thou- you could well believe you are walking operations such scenes require; and, just its deadly charge. Therefore there ought impressed at St. Gillea and did not not in Woolwich, but among the batteries as we feel that our men only may do work pot to be any question of exciting public return home. So much alarm is created om the other side of the sea. Before going like this, so we must ses at the swiftest alarm (there is no reasonable cause for by this reign of terror (says The Times sands of fractured bars with their jagged). ends exposed, and in them you can seo Amsterdam) that how steel differs. Under the terrific taken to the forges of the men, for it is glance that to any question of which of it), or any fear of betraying a secret 10 correspondent

our men should do it there can be one the enemy (it is no secret), if-as evidence hundreds of civilians are flesing. Some influences of the pulling machine, the impresible to come to Woolwich without answer only-the skilled and brawny man of the moral and physical courage of the nights they arose duto East Zeeland and finest sreel behaves rather like atale bread. seeing the awful Lasilicas of bridled force

who can do it best. Once across the daughters of Britain, and as an exampla Flanders in bands 250 strong, wading Finally, in addition to the factory tests in which the mutanta guna are created, thresimid of the pinces I have attempted of the bravest single thing woman does through the Beheldt up to their necks and the Government tests within the Here is one of them, a vast place, as big te doceribe, and there can be no test for for the war, risking her life at home even in water aud, mud. German scntries factory, there is the Government outside as Albert Hall. A coloss Nasmyth the workers but one test capacity.

with a blow of fly

as man risks his life in the field-1 de seeing their numbers have hesitated to test, for which some shails go into the tons 15 pounding on a thick blots, Capacity to fight this mighty battle with soribe the scene of what is known as the fire, but now & tug on the Scheldt, armed sacred bond-room, where no unhallowed

astural forces, and compel then to obey danger zone at Woolwich.

with a machine-gun and manned by person may enter, and whence the chosen steel. First, a gentle tap to make sure of

shells are removed for realistic trials in position, and then a thunderous thud man's will, capacity to turn out the

This section of the Arsenal is at some marines, has orders to fire ou groups. that makes the earth quake beneath your largest number and most perfect speci-

It is reported that the Sennelager and distant spots. When that is over all has been done that can be done to furnish the the field yes, but man-power for the to it in a motor car. The day has cloned Paderborn civilian prisoners' camps are artilleryman with an utterly reliable mens of guns and shells. Man power for distance from the factories, and we drive feet, and gives you the sickening sense in your stomach which you may have

forges also. To forget that in this hour in by now, the darkness has fallen, and being evacuated, apparently in order to shell-ser experienced at the rumbling approach of

the moon is rising. We travel over a kind accommodate Belgians removed from would be fatal. a great eruption,

of marsh to a promontory that seems to their homes. Sixteen engineers of the have the river running about it.

into the women's workshops you

are

WHERE WOMEN RULE

The

But Woolwich has a world of operations long stretch of dark road is jealoust, Pelgian Railway have arrived at these. that are entirely suitable for women, and guarded. At one moment the car stops, camps from Ghent and Dendermonde.

NEW ZEALANDERS ON THE SOMME.

A few moment later you are in another vast forge, but here there is nearly no noise and hardly any motion. A gigantic

in a few minutes more we are in the midst and the face of a guard appears at the hots of 4,000 tons power is drilling a

through another enormous block of of them. There is a new shop entirely white-hot metal. The great thing seems operated by women, having been built for window. He asks for any watches. almost as large as the façade of St. them since the beginning of the war. The cigarettes, and knives we may carry about After we have emptied our. Mark's at Venice, and not unlike it in vast place covers an area which is apparpockets of such combustibles our ear is

with us. form, though stark and black. Under ently as great as that of Trafalgar-square its open arch, without a sound, or the Two thousand women are here, and there permitted to proceed. There is another appearance of a hand to guide them, and is room for 3,000 in all. Innumerable long stretch of dark rond (between wooden with a motion that is almost ghostlike, lathes, generally of small size, cover the abode, probably magazines for the storage the great anvils, with their burning cemented floor, with pulleys and wheels of munitions), which reminds us of the freight, glide into position. A score of spinning in the air above them. It is a ratted ways through the log-built vil stalwart men, stripped to the waist, stand dense forest of machinery, pulsing and lages on the steppes of Russia, and then round with long iron rods and pincers. throbbing and whirring and tossing as we draw up at an open door from which They push a thick, black ring of appar from sono unseen storm. There is at hrst the pale red of electric light is stream- ently cold motal on the top of the white something so incongruous in the spectacle ing. A moment later we are in the bot block. One man stands under a huge of women operating masses of powerful women's cloak-room, with its many rails clock with his hand on a lever. No one machinery (or, indeed, any machinery (all full) for costs and hats. Here we speaks. There is scarcely a sound. Pre- more formidable than stewing machine take off our superfluous clothing, for the sently there comes slowly down, as from that for a moment, as you stand at the night air is warm, and at a low foot against the keystone of the monster machine, a entrance, the sight is scarcely believable.board, which is the boundary-line of the counter-attacks. The High Commissioner, shining column of steel, It reaches the But you go in and move round, and after safety and danger zones, put rubber boss Sir Thomas Mackenzie, has issued the black ring, presses down on it, descends while the astonishing fact, seema Derever our boots, lest the grit of the streets Bres of series of articles by Mr. without a pause to the white-hot block, fectly natural. Although most of the rests on top of it for a moment, there is machines in this shop are small, some should strike fire from something within Malcolm Bous, dealing with the actions a thud sa of something falling into a large, and a few alarming. Here is And then, feeling as we felt when we which preceded the capture of Fiers and pik beneath, and then the column rises,slip of a girl working one of the latter walked in Oriental slippers into the those which followed it." When the whole the arch is re-opened, and the ring has kind, a huge thing that has two large Mosque of Omar, on the site of the tale is told." the writer says, “it will disappeared, having passed through the wheels like mill-wheel revolving at either Temple of Solomon, we pass into a far make a stirring page in New Zealand

history." metal and dropped to the ground below.side of her, and though she looks like a more impressive and tremendous scene.

No praise can be too high for such troops." It was in these words that Sir Douglas Haig spoke of the work of the New Zealand Division in the Battles of the Somme Division which, he added. has won universal confidence and admi ration."

The principal successes of the Division were achieved in the neighbourhood of Flors, which they captured and held German determined

several

QUICK WORK,

The proposal for the factory was made on July 8th, 1915, and sanctioned on August 17th. The land on which the fautory now stands was then chiefly a dumping ground. Part of it boing subject to inundations, part of the con struction had to be founded on piles. Thr ironwork was started on September 25th, By March 28th, 1916, the power was installed, and mach of the machinery had been manufactured in Britain. In the first week of June 27th shelle were made. Within a year of the auctioning of the proposal 48,649 shells had been delivered. The output is now over 10,000 a week- and they are big shells. How was it done? It was done in principle by putting a big armament firm in charge, but this firm supplied only two men direct, though it gave foreman fortnight's course of training in its own shopa The manager

OINTMENT AND PILES. Prepared by ALDEBT, Albert House, Far ringdon Street, London, England. Price in England 1 and 2/0 per box. Agents: A. WATSON & CO., LTD., Hongkong.

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was brought from India. There was no incredible and overwhelming as any difficulty about fansie lahour; hut the palace of Aladdin. And like a palace of skilled male labour had to be invented, Aladdin, it is a doline thing. I ca created, conjured up out of nothing, for imagine the shattering consequences to it when this N.P.P, was at thought of of the treatment, so vociferously advocated combing out” -1 men imagine that the the country was supposed to have been by a certain type of mind, and known swept clear of that commodity, and it practically was. The N.P.F stands there famous comb might well womb out the to-day an achievement as mautical and entire organism before it had realised (Continued at foot of next Column.) what it was doing-Daily Telegraph.