1916-11-30 — Page 6

TEN MONTHS IN GERMANY.

TWO MEN FOR PEACE.

THE CRUSHING OF LIEBKNECHT.

WHAT NOT TO EXPECT.

CHAPTER IX,

never

Britain.

to

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 30TH, 1916.

OF

Haase,

"Liebknecht arrived early, a slight and unimpressive figure in somewhat wor field-gry, the German khaki. Th "debate having begun, I noticed how he listened engerly to every word spoken, jotting down notes incessantly. for the evident purpose of replying to the grandiloquest utterances about our

SMOKED THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

SOCIALISTS BEFODLED,

Departinents collects behind the Govern ment and this dominant Federal Council.. Dr. Liebknecht 44 years old. medinm build, he wears a shock of long, The Chancellor, whose place is at the

corner of the Government "table curly, upstanding hair, which rather

nearest the President, is always shep Acentuates his agitator type .0%

herded by his political aide-de-camp, Dr. countenance, and is a skilful and clo queat debater. A university graduate Wahnschafe, while well-known Fereign and well read thinker and student, ho Office henchmen like the notorious Dr. turned out to be the one consistent Social Hamann, head of the Fress Bureau, Democratic politician in Germany on the and his cringing satellites, Esternaux {BY D. THOMAS CURTIN.]

question of the war. Englishmen will und Heilbron, also hover in the vicinity In his ninth article Mr. Curtin ex- remember that when the war began the There is always a group of uniformed plains the impotence of the German Socialist Party was effectually and will Army and Navy officers on the tribune, Reichstag and the vanity of expecting ingly tied to the Government's chariot, and to-day, of course, as the Army from it any check on the German including, nominally, even Liebknecht. discussions were on the agenda, there was an unusually brave array of gold braid Government, which is, in effect, the A few hours before making his notorious

and brass buttons. Herr von Oldenburg, will of the Kaiser bucked by the Army Necessity-knows-no law speech in the

prominent Junker M.P., once said if Tho Socialists were hoodwinked, like Reichstag on August 1th, 1914, Bethmann he were the Kaiser he would send a Prus the rest of the nation, at the beginning Hollway conferred with all the Parlia-sian licutonaut and 10 men to close up of the war, and Dr. Lishknecht, whementary parties, and convinced then the Reichstag with one colleague, mide, a protest (including the Socialists) that Germany. against the Government policy and had been cruelly dragged into a war of methods, was howled down in the Hause defence... Later in the day, following and prosecuted and punished for his other party leadera, Herr speeches in public.

spokesman for the Socialists, got up in the House, roiged a few harmless Although Bismarck gave the Germans Constitution and a Parliament after platitudes about Socialist opposition to war on principle, and then pledged the the Franco-Prussian War a. sup for

gloriona army of Fultar-bearers ". their sacrifices in that campaign, hearty's 11 vezes solidly to the War Credits for which the Government was intended. the Reichstag be a Parliament in the son in which making. When the Chancellor afterwards which were falling from the lips of "patriotic " party orators. Liebknecht the institution is understood in Great made his celebrated speech it was cheered had earned the displeasure of the House to the eche by the entire House, includ-a few days before by asking some em- ing the Sucinliste. I do not know who barrassing questions about Turkish mas What Bismarck gave the Germans was ther Liebknecht was present, though ho a debating society and a safety valve is almost certain to have been, but if acres in Armenia. He was jeered and They needed a place to air their theories she made no noteworthy protest. How laughed at hilariously when he went on to say that a Black Chamber" was and ventilate their grievances. But the completely the Government befooled the spying on his every movement, shadow- Chancellor of Iron was very carefni, in Socialists about the war was proveding other members of the Reichstag, drawing up the plans for the debating few days later when Dr. Frank, one of even cavesdropping on their telephone sueiely, to see that is conferred no more the Social Democracy's most shining conversations and opening their privato real power on the nation's "representa lights and the man who was in line to correspondence. tives

than is enjoyed by the stump-ba Bebel's successor, volunteered for While 4 Socialist comrade, Hurr speakers near Marble Arch in Lunden on military service. He was one of the first Davidsohn, was speaking from the desk Sundays.

to fall fighting in September, somewhere in the centre of the tribune, at which Many people in England and the in the West.

all members st stand when addressing United States of America, I find, do

The Government might have known the House, I now saw Liebknecht walk- not at all understand the meaningless that Liebknecht was a hard man to keeping up the aisle leading from the news of German Parliamentary proced-quiet if he ever decided to speak out.

Socialist seals to the President's chair ings. When they read about stormy Fresh in the Government's mind was his as unobtrusively as possible. *ittings " the Reichstag and bitter bold exposure of the Krupp bribery walking furtively and be cut the figuro criticism" of the Chancellor, they judge such things as they judge similar scandals at the War Office (in 1913) and of a hunted animal, which is conscious bis disclosures about how the German that it is surrounded by other animals events in the House of Commons or UT House of Representatives. Nothing could munition trust for years systematically anxious to pounce upon it and devour be more insecurate Governments do not stirred up war fever abroad, in order it if it dares to show itself in the open. to convince the German people of the

LIEUKNECHT HOWLED DOWN. fall in Germany in consequence of adverse necessity of speeding up their own

Liebknecht has now reached the Pre- Reichstag votes, as they do with you.

armanents of land and sea. As soon as ident's side. The President,, a long- They are not the people's Governments. Liebknecht's Reichstag and Prussian Diet whiskered septuagenarian, is popularly but merely the Kaiser's creatures. They speeches began to show that he was tired known as Papa Kaempf, I see Lieb- rise and fall by his grass alone.

Even this state of affairs needs to be of the inuzale, the Government called knecht whispering quietly in Kaempf's They car. He is asking for permission to him up for military service. qualified and explained to the citizens stuck him into the uniform of us speak, probably as soon as contrade of free countries, The Government is not Armierungwoldat (Army Service Corps Davidsohu has finished making his in: i Cabinet or a Ministry like yours, with

soldier). This meant that his public nocuous suggestions of minor reformus to 23 Ministers.

speeches in connection with the war had relieve discomforts in the trenches. nfinir. It consists of the Imperial Chant be confined to the two Parliaments in Kampf is shaking his bead negatively.

which he -helf-seats. Anything of and the chicin! executor of Hous cellor. He, and nobody else is the opposition character which he said or wishes, the old man understands per- "Government," subject only to the Aldid outside would be "treason" or fectly well that Liebknecht raust under Highest will of the Emperor, whose bid-

no circumstances have a heating. David. ding the Chancellor is required to do.

son has now stopped talking, Lieb- and, in the case of a weak statesman

kupcht has meantime reached the buttom like Bethmann Hollweg, does must

step of the stairway of five or six steps The Chancellor, in the name of the

leading from the tribune to the level

Liebknecht insists upon tempting fate "Government, brings in Bills to be

of the floor, tie enn be plainly steu from all sections of the House. 1 hear

unce inore He is going to try to out passed by the Reichstag If the Reich

in start bay that he has a double shout, the crazy carus howling at him. stag does not like a Bill, which some

right to be heard on the Army Bill, not He succeeds, but only for an instant and times happens, it refuses to give it

only as a member of the House, but is to the extent of one biting phrase:--- majority. But the Government does

The Such treatment," I can hear him not fall. It can, simply, as it has

soldier. He gets no further. Chamber is already filled with shouts shrieking, is warcrshint fubaneless) done on numerous occasions, dissolve the

and jeera. Maul halten!" (shut your und erhört (unheard of! It could Reichstag, order a General Election, and

mouth bursts forth from a dozen take place in no other legislative body keep on doing so indefinitely, until it

Places in the Conservative and National in the world!" gets exactly the kind of Parliament "

***Kuns it wants.

Liberal and Centre benches.

The German Government is a one-man

obediently.

Inst.

THE REICHSTAG GAGGED.

**edition.

Liebicnecht was put to work on A.S.C. jobs behind the fronts alternately in the East and West, 1 believe, but was given leaves of absence to attend to his Parlia

entary duties from time to time. On these occasions he would appear in the Reichstag in the dull Geld-grey of an ordinary private the only member so clad in a House of 397 Deputies among whom are dozens of officers in uniform up to the rank of gencral.

IN THE DEBATING CHAMBER.

1

I had time

He was

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uniform, but superior officers. Kananenfutter (cannon fedder) defying the majestic authority of its helmeted and epaulotted overlords! An unpre- cedented episode, as well as an unfor- gedented epis

MUZZLED AND SENTENCED. With that the one German Social De- sistency retires, baffled, and discomfitted. mocrat of conviction, courage, and con Potsdam's representative in the Reich- stag is at last effectually muzzled, but in the muzzling I have seen the German Government at work on a task almost as prodigious as the one it now faces on the Semme-the task of keeping the German people deaf, drap, and blind.

of what has meantime happened to Liebknecht the main facts are known. He citement to public disorder during a was arrested on May 1st for alleged in-

sentenced to penal servitude. A comple state of war" tried, convicted, and

of months previously (on March 13th) h the War Government in the Prussia had delivered another bitter attack on Dist. He accused the German educational authorities of systematically teaching even contemporary history so as to prison hate to school children and of distorting

their minds to the glorification of Prus-

militarism.

I was particularly fortunate to be able to secure a card of admission on January 17th, the day set for discussion of mili-mit mi" (throw him out) is another angry tuunt which I can distinguish in tary matters. I went to my place early the bedlam. Liebknecht has been howled As I have said, the Reichstag was in-a few minutes past the noon hour, a down many times before under similar vented to be, and has always served the the Reichstag usually convenes at purpose hitherto of, a forum in whichp.m.

circumstances. He is not terrified to-day, The floor was still quite empty, though his face is pale with excitement discontented Germany could blow off though the galleries were filled with steam, but achieve little in the way of people anxious, like myself, to soothe and anger. He stands his ground. His remedy or reform. But during the war show from start to finish.

right arm is extended, a finger levelled the Reichstag has even ceased to be to survey the ginger bread interior of accusingly at the Right and Centre from place where free sprech is tolerated. It the chamber. I asa familiar with both which imprecations, unceasingly, are has been gagged as effectually as the the

But he cannot boing snarled at him.. House of Representatives in mako himself heard amid the uproar, German Press. I was an eye-witness of Washington and your own House of one of the most drastic muzzling episodes Commons. What struck me first of all, Ledebour, a thin, grey-haired, actor-like A Socialist colleague intervenes, which has occurred in the Reichstes therefore, was that the American and persen, of ascetic mien and resonant during the war or probably in the Lis British Chambers are immensely more voice Checking free speech is an evil tury of any modern Parliament the imposing-and-dignified than the abode custom of this House, suppression of Dr. Kari Liebknecht of the German Debating Society.

declares Lade The bour. ucinter for Petsoan, during the debate Reichstag's decorative scheme is pulled hand-bell. He rules out such improper "Papa" Kaempf clangs his big on military affairs on January 17th out and gilt-paint. The members' seat expressions evil custom in this high of this year. That event will be of ing space spreads fanlike round the floor, House." Ledebour is the Reichstag's bistoric importance in establishing how with individual seats and desks exactly master of repartee. public opinion in Germany during the like those used by schoolboys, which is Very well, not an evil customs, He rejoins smiling war has been ruthlessly trampled under not an inappropriate simile. On the but not altogether a pleasant custom."

I hope Englishmen also will extreme right are the places of the Con Now the House is howling Ledeboursian militarism. He said it was not realize, after reading my narrative of it,servative-Junker-landowners-party; to down. He, too, has weathered auch the business of the schools to turn child- how utterly unreliable are the reperts their left sit, in succession, the Roman storms before. Ho waits, impressively ren into machines for the Meloch of in the German Press of Reichstag pro Catholic Clericals (who occupy the exact and undismayed, for a lull in the cyclone. ceedings.

centre of the floor and are thus known It cones. Wait, wait!" be thunders. Let us teach history correctly," de- The Beichstag has practically nothing as the Zentrum, or Centre Party). The

"My friend Liebknecht and I, and clared Liebknecht. and tell the child- to do with the conduct of the war.

"Centre includes many priests, mostly others like us, have a great following.ren that the crime of Sarajevo was looked Up, practically, to the beginning of Rhinelanders and Bavarians. Then come You grievously underestimate that fol- upon by wide circles in Austria-Hungary this year the sporadic Social Democratic the National Liberals, the violently anti-lowing. Some day you will realize that.

and Germany as a gift from Heaven. opposition to the war, mainly by Dr. British and anti-American Party, the Wait Ledebour, like Liebknecht

Let us. Liebknecht, was ignored by the Govern Progressive People's Party, and the can no longer proceed. The House is neut. The war-machine was running so Social Democrats. The latter are on the Bow boiling, an indistinguishable broke. He and dared to do what Bo smoothly, and, from they German "extreme left." That is why they are standpoint, so victoriously, that the often ao described in reports of Reichstag Government thought it could safely let proceedings abroad. The Socialists com Liebknecht rant to his heart's content. prise 111 out of 397 members of the Dr. Liebknecht had long been a thorn House, so their segment of the fan is in the War Party's side. He inherited the largest of all. Next in size is the

Liebknecht has temporarily returned to as animosity to Prussian militarismo Centre Party, with 85 or 90 seats, the

Tais narrative should be instructive to from his late father, Dr. Wilhelm Conservatives, National Liberals, and his sent under cover of the torrade pro- Lielknecht, who with August Bebel Progressives accounting for the rest of voked by Ledebour's intervention, but those Britishers and Americans who founded the modern German Social De the floor in more or less equal propor- dodging, almost panther like, back to

see him stealthily crawling, think it possible that German Socialists may une day have the power to end the mocratic Party. Four or five years be- tions.

The outstanding aspect of the Beich the steps of the tribune. He is bent war. There are two effective replies to fore the war Liebknecht, a lawyer by profession, campaigned so fiercely against stag is the tribune for apeakers, which upon renewing the attempt to raise his this curious Anglo-Saxon aisunder militarism that he was sentenced to 18 faces the flour and elevated above it some voice above the hostile din. The sight months' fortress-imprisonment for "sedi- five or six feet. It is flanked on the of him unchains the House's fury tion." He served his sentence, and soon right by the Government "table," con afresh. The racket is increased by the afterwards his political friends nominat sisting of individual seats and desks for ad ding-donging of "Papa" Kaempf. ed him for the Reichstag for the Royal Ministers. In the centre of the tribune trying hopelessly to restore a semblance Division of Potsdam, of all places in the the presiding officer, who is President," of quiet. It is useless. The House will world, knowing that such a candidature not Speaker, of the House, sits. On his not subside until Liebknecht is driven would be as ironical a blow as could be left is a row of seats and desks, like the from the speakers' tribune. He dealt to the war aristocrata. Ho was opposite Government table,"

e," for the have even the chance of the lull which elected by a big majority in 1912, the members of the Federal Council. The enabled Ledebour to say a pertinent A score of embittered votes of the large working-class popula: Federal Council, I may remind my thing or two. tion of the division, including Spandau readers, consists of the delegates of the deputies advance toward the tribune, (the Prussian Woolwich) being more than various States of Germany. They are red-faced and gesticulating in the Ger enough to offset the military vote which not elected by the people, but are ap man way when excitement is the domi the Kaiser's benchmen mobilized against polated by the rulers of the several nant passion. Their fiste are clenched. him. Rome time afterwards Liebknecht States. They constitute practically an I say to myself that Liebknecht will this was also elected to represent a Berlin Imperial Upper Chamber, and are the time be beaten down, if he is not content Labour constituency in the Prussian real legislative body of the Empire. to be shouted down. He makes an un- Diet, the Legislature which deals with Bill require the Federal Council's forgettable figure, one there, assailed, the barked, and marked at from every side, affairs in the Kingdom of Prussia, as approval before submission distinct from the Reichstag (the Imperial Beichstag.

a private in the German Army bidding Diet), which concerns itself with Empire On so-called **big days" in the definance to a hundred men, also in matters only.

Reichstag a host of stall fry from the (Continued at foot of next Column.)

to

most undignified pandemonium. I can detect that there is considerable ironical laughter mixed with its indignation, Members are not taking Ledebour's threat seriously.

now I

not to

He got no farther, for the cyclone other man in Germany had done. He had publicly accused his Government of making the war. From that moment his doom was certain.

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standing of Germany. The first is that Liebknecht had not, and has not, the support of his own party; the second, that were that party twice as numerous as it is its votes would be worthless in wielded by the view of the power Kaiser's tool, von Bethmann Hollweg, backed up by the Federal Council,

It is difficult to drive this fact into the heads of English and American people, who are both prone to judge German institutions by their own.

That the Battle of the Somme and the blockade if ruthlessly persevered in may have unforeseen effects in Germany I sincerely believe, but we may as well look

Highest War Lord, and behind him, what the Parliamentary situation squarely in the face before jumping to hasty conclu- is still, if damaged,. the mightiest mili-.

tary machine in the world the German sions.

For, remember always that behind the Army, Opposed to that there are at present a slowly increasing Bocialist dominant Imperial Chancellor, Bethmann Hollweg, stands the All-vote-the two have grown to about 29,

(Continued at foot of neat Column,)..

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