1916-11-21 — Page 2

INTIMATIONS:

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EXCLUSIVE' 'AGENTS:

MOUTRIE'S.

WHY SHOULD ONE DRINK

No. 10

WHISKY?

DISTILLED

BECAUSE

"ONE OUGHT.”

BY JAS, WATSON & Co., Ltd.,

DUNDEE,

SOLE AGENTS IN SOUTH CHINA:

Telephone 636.

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS,

[29-2

DONNELLY & WHYTE,

[1306

HONGKONG AND CANTON.

Perfection in Day and Night Wear.

"Viyella

"Shirts and Pyjamas

Soft, light yet warmi, very durable and chill preventing. "Viyella" is exceptionally refined in appearance, washes splendidly and does not shrink.

Stocked in plain white and a variety of smart stripes.

MACKINTOSH

A

& CO., LTD.,

PROBLEMS RAISED BY THE

WAR.

THE FATE OF POLAND.

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 21st, 1916.

GERMAN DIPLOMATIC.

TREACHERY.

BUKHAREST POISON PLOT,:

LIFE IN A GERMAN FACTORY TOWN.

hands.

[BY A NEUTRAT..]

THE PEACE DESIRED BY THE ALLIES, STATEMENT BY SIGNOR

“BISSOLATI

[DY PERCY ALDEN, M.P., HON. SECRETARY OF During the last few days (unys The In one of the largest manufacturing

THE COUNCIL FOR THE STUDY OF

Tiles Correspondent in the Balkan towns in Saxony-a place from which In an interview with the United Press, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.)

Peninsula), writing on October 11th, the wildest reports of disturbances have: "Signor Bissolati, Civil Commissioner of Bukharest has been left unmolested by reached foreign countries and where, if War in the Italian Cabinet, approved of (Special to "The Tiongkong Daily hostile neroplanes, although their pre- anywhere, I expected to find symptoms the statements of Mr. Lloyd George and

Prear)

sence in the neighbourhood has been an of that revolutionary spirit, which I had Mr. Asquith on the prosecution of the It is still too soon to say that what nounced more than once by the tolling been told was gradually gaining ground war, and said: will be the fate of Poland at the close of bells and the blowing of sixens. The visited a number of workmen's I am convinced that Mr. Lloyd George's persistence of these attacks can only be families metal workers, printers, dray and Mr. Asquith's words exactly inter- of this War. The Poles themselves are hoping fur independence. Germany has taken as indicating the intensity of Ger planned to take and occupy permanently man otalignity, inasmuch as they cannot eymen tailors, and factory pet the thoughts and express the firm resolve of all the Allies. The peace to influence the issue of the war. The only the Sawalki Province and the adjoining result is a great increase of anti-German

I do not need to describe the flats of | which the whole world, aspires after su parts of Lithuania, handing over the feeling here, which has been further the poorer classes in any big German many horrors and sacrifices must be a real and lasting price and not a mere rest of Poland to Austria. This would stimulated by the sensational discoveries industrial town. One such fat was on nut, of course, mean the surrender of of disease germs and explosives made in the ground floor in the third, or inner-fruce. Civilisation must be safeguarded German Poland. All it implies is that the garden of the German Legation,

most, courtyard of a big block of flats against attempts similar to the one This Russian Poland, as at present occupied | With reference to these the Journal des rising high and excluding all sunlight.against which it is now reacting. by Germany--if the succeed in holding Balkans observes that in all civilized But it was spotlessly clean; there were means that we must create in Europo it, which seems doubtful should be given countries foreign diplomatists receive beans growing in a green box in the such a condition of things as to render it to Austria as some reward for her ser special privileges which imply an honour window and some cress in another box, impossible for Germany to resume her vices. As to Bussia's views we have able engagement on their part, to do ne Here I ato bread, and I confess I was criminal designs. beard little

nothing Or

til late, thing to endanger the State whose hos-surprised to find that it was by no means I therefore think that any Statej or but the fact that some of the

pitality they enjoy. In return for these what I had expected. It was certainly States, of the Entente which to-day Jeading Lithuanians were sent for favours the German diplomatists have very much better than when 1 was last harboured thoughts of peace would be by the Czar

Leceived behaved like criminals of the worst kind, in this particular town, nearly a year guilty of an act of treason. and were his headquarters is regarded: us

than accept peace contaminated with favourable omen.

Last winter had tasted here bread of germs of other wars it would have been In the Grand Duke's Manifesto tlies words occurred:-"A

Ն clammy substance, showing great better not to have embarked on the pre- patches of potato which had not been sent war at all. But the whole germ of thoroughly mixed with the rye flour. It war can only be killed by destroying Austria as a State and by depriving was indigestible and unhealthy, and I realised that for children it must be Germany of every illusion of predomin- Now all that isance. It is necessary to proclaim this almost poisonous. changed. The bread is coarse, but not seriously and openly, as it has been unpalatable, and I do not think it is proclaimed by Mr. Lloyd George and injurious to health. The difficulty of Mr. Asquith, obtaining fat and milk is very great, and there are symptoms of underfeeding, bui such food as is obtainable is not bad.

added, later

012

"

valises ago

The arrival of innumerable- diplomatiques at the German Legation and Consulates had often aroused mus¬

century and a half ago the living flesh picion, and given rise to protests in the

Press, but the German representatives | of Poland was torn asander,' and continued to receive every courtesy here in the Manifesto, even after the outbreak of war. For Poland shall be reborn, free in faith, tunately the Roumanian Government had in language and in self-government." kept its intentions secret up to the last Whether the Russian Government will moment. If the declaration of war and maintain le position taken up by the mobilization had not been carried out Grand Duke, it is impossible to say, with lightning rapidity, Bukharest would but if the aspirations of Russia are have witnessed the destruction of public fully satisfied in other directions it is buildings and attempts upon the lives not inconceivable.

of the statesmen who had combated Ger- man influence.

It may be remembered that in the earlier stages of the war a large amount of contraland of war, including dan gerous explosives, passed through this country from Germany ea route for Con- stantinople, concealed in" valises diplo matiques" or otherwise disgnised,

HOSPITAL SUPPLY BY AEROPLANE,

I saw a great number of children, and must admit that they do not look well.

CHILDREN SENT TO HOLLAND.

CAFE FILLED WITH WORKERS,

and

L

Rather

HONGKONG VOLUNTEERS.

CORDS ORDERS BY J.-COL A. CHAPMÁN, V.D.

JOINED.

Pte. J. J. P. Coelho, having joined is.

allotted Corps No. 2041 and posted... to Right Section M.G: Col

LECTURE

lecture, which all ranks of tho H.K.V.C. and R. are invited to: attend, will be given by Lieut.- Colonel A. V. Alexander, 14th Pur- jabis, Inspecting Officer H.K.V.C. and R., at Volunteer Headquarters on Wednesday, 29nd instant, at 15 p.m.

A. F. CHURCHILL, Captain,

Adjutant, H. K. V. Corps,

HONGKONG POLICE RESERVE.

HEADQUARTERS' CLUB.. The members of the General Committeo and all Officers aro requested to meet at the Club, nt 5.45 p.m., on Thurs- day, November 23rd.

PARADE

CENTRAL STATION.

Tuesday, Nov 21st,No 2 Company, Maxim Gunners. No. 2 Section at Water Police Station.

Wednesday, Nov. 2nd.-No. 3 Company under Company Commander. No, 4 (Except Recruits), under

....

Comant-Major. Recruits of No.

the

Platoon under Company Sergenart- ..Major.

Thursday, Nov. 23rd.-Recruits of No. 4

Company Sergeant-Major. Friday, Nov. 24th.Nos. 1, 3, and 4. Bections of No. 1 Company under Section Commandors.

(Sgd.) F. C. JENKIN,

D. 8. P. (R.)

Few people seem to be aware that the Poles are the sixth nation in Europe as regards numbers, ranking next to the

I took the opportunity of asking Italians. There are over 19,000,000 Pales in Europe. In Germany there are

whether any children went from this 3,400,000; in Austria, close on 5,000,000;

part of the town to Holland. The child- and in Russia 11,000,000. It is dificult

ren of the really poor in Germany do to be quite certain about these figures,.

not go to Holland because their parents since the Powers that hold Poland in

cannot afford the fares. In Holland, A their grasp do not compile trustworthy

I learn, they are conveyed froe, but if statistics. In fact the Russian, Austrian

they are over twelve years of age they Land Prussian authorities employ dif

are not carried free over the Prussian ferent methods in the compilation of

railways. There the German charities, statistics. Germany and Russia classify

The Stores Department at the Red like your Fresh Air Fund, for paying the inhabitants according to their

Cross Headquarters, 83, Pall-mall, S.Wfures, but these have not the funds for the long journey to Holland. I niso Paternal language, whereas Austria received an urgent request last menth gards the language actually spoken in for an oil immersion leas for a miscromade inquiries in Elberfeld, and was their daily intercourse as deciding their scope in a hospital laboratory at Calais. there told that while the children of nationality. Still, even if the figures are There being no boat available, the lens middle-class parents who could afford inaccurate there can be little or no was dispatened by aeroplane.

railway fares and good clothes got a holiday in Holland, the children of the doubt that Poland, su far as population is concerned, if it were to be formed into

poor were left behind.

The children in the towns I visited an independent kingdom would by virtue of its numbers become immediately of official appointments are open to them were, however, with very few exceptions, great importance, German Poland con and Polish is the official language of the peat and clean but, as I said, they do ists of the Provinces of Posen and West Province. To a large extent, also, the not look healthy, and there seemed to Prussia, parts of East Prussia, Pome-army is Polish, although the offers are ben considerable amount of anemia. I rania and Silesia. In the Grand Duchy for the most part Austrium. This will think they suffer in some cases from lack. of Posen, Germany has made a great explain the desire which has been ex of attention where the mothers are do effort to settle Germans in large numpressed by many Poles that, failing uning men's work. I had seen statistics bers, and, although the Poles represent independent Poland, they would wish to published by the German papers of 35 per cent, of the entire population, remain under "Austria. In Eastern measurements taken at various schools in everywhere bac power is in the hands of Calista there is a strong Rutheninn Saxony, showing, if anything, an im

in The number of "German | movement. One section of the Bathenian protement the Germans.

average weight officials is constantly on the increase and population desires union with Russia, height, and so I made inquiries among the immigration of settlers from the but the great majority wish to be con- some friends who are intimately ac interior of Germany is steadily en trolled by Austria and sage, at least,quainted with the conditions in Saxon couraged. The most strenuous attempts are opposed to the ordinary Polish towns. When I pointed to the published are made to Germanize the Polish in-attitude.

figures I received the summary reply, habitants of these territories, and the Russian Poland consists of what.. "Yes, the figures are published, but we Protestants in the southern districts of called the Kingdom of Poland (n name have no means of controlling their Poser have to a certain extent yielded given in 1815), Lithuania, Volhynia, accuracy!" to the pressure. In East Prussia the Podolia and Ukrainia The Kingdom of percentage of the Polish population is Poland is by far the largest of these In this Saxon town I spent a wet after SWISS HOPE OF NEUTRAL PEACE.

OVERTURES. decreasing and the attempts to denation Provinces with over 0,000,000 Poles, noon at a café fréquented by workpeople alise the people have not been wholly Lithuania coming second with 1,500,000, from the factory district. Towards even- unsuccessful. For the most part they In addition to Pules there are Lithuaning the place filled with workers, who

The Federal Parliament, re-opened on are Protestant in religion and have come ians, Germans, Jews, Ruthenians and all seemed to be well supplied with money. September 18th. In the National Council under the influence of the Lutheran Russians. It is calculated but 80 por The nen were smoking cigars and the President, M. Eugster, in his elergy.

cent. are Poles, 11 per cent. Jews, 2 percigarettes and drinking beer; men and opening speech, expressed the hope that The Poles represent 47 per cent, of the cent. Germans, & per cent. Lithuanians women were all decently, and even well, the day would come when neutrals could entire population of East Prussia, but and 2 per cent, Ruthenians. The dressed-if anything rather better than make their voices heard in favour of a they are too found in the country majority of the Poles belong to the in peace time. There was certainly no cessation of hostilities. For the ma rather than in the towns. The big ad Roman Catholic faith, the majority of lack of money among them, and, as ment," he added, " in the case of each ministrative centres have a much larger Germans are Protestants. The Lithuanians tact, wages have improved. A printer of the belligerents we see the nation population of Germans, us is only inhabit the northern portion of the and a tailor with whom I talked said united in support of its Government, an natural. In West. Prussia the proper Government of Suwalk, which is the that they had no complaint to make example which Switzerland might well tion of Polish inhabitants is 35 per cent., North-Eastern part of the Kingdom and about wages, and admitted they were follow." and here, again, all the towns are under the part which in the minds of German saving money. I might bere mention The Federal Council, by right of the German control and the urban popula statesinen is already a part of Germany. that in the mining districts of Rhineland full powers granted to it since the be tion is almost entirely German. No Pole This territory stretches along the left and Westphalia wages, both above and ginning of the war, has decided to intro- can secure an appointment under the bank of the Niemen and is mainly below ground, increased more rapidly duce a special & per cent. tax on all war Government, on the railways, or in any Lithuanian, although 5 per cent of the during the early part of this year than profits made since January 1st, 1915. official position. West Prussia is mainly population consists of German settlers, they did in 1018. The average wage agricultural, and of the agricultural The city of Warsaw contains a large seems to be now between six and seven population at least half is Polish. The number of Germans, and quite 37 per shillings a day, but below ground it is

PUMPING UP" OPINION, Poles in Upper Silesis, represent about cent of the inhabitants are Jews, The higher, hewors getting, in places, eight

Thus the moral feeling among the 67 per cent of the population, but the Jewish population of Warsaw had great shillings, and more. nuzber of Gertnaus is on the increase,ly increased previous to the War owing Of the shortage of milk people, people I visited was not so much turbu me lent or, if you prefer it, revolutionary-:- especially in the mining districts. The to the expulsion of great numbers of especially women, complained to inhabitants, both Polish and German, are Jews from Russia. What is the exact bitterly. They said that a family with as depressed." Roman Catholic. The upper classes have situation now it is impossible to say three children were able to obtain only I would put it in this way. At the borime more or less Germanised, but the The Russians in Poland are for the most about half a litre daily-rather less than back of the German armies there is no rural population and the working classes part migratery, representing officials of a pint. The general

war. is probably confident of victory. Public confidence not only maintain the Polish language, all classes with their families. Lithuania workmen about the reling among the longer the moral fures of a whok nation' but are developing along Polish kiren. Polish in population and in character, wrongly interpreted abroad. I, at any has to be maintained eccry now and Generally speaking, we reay say this but it is here that the Polish nation has rate, found no revolutionary feeling, again by something sensational It is the Poles in Germany have a sinal suffered great leases. Large numbers thouga I went expecting to find it almost like a bicycle tyre measure of self-government which is were deported and their lands confiscated There have no doubt been revolu-rubber has perished. It is not exactly deteriorating and lessening under the after the insurrection of 1863. Everytionary assemblies; but there has been leaky and you cannot find any hole to constaut pressure öf. tho German thing Polish was for a long time under no forcible feeling behind them and they repair it just does not hold the air bureaucrat.

a ban The Lithuanians represent about have been quite ineffective. Even as a You can pump it up from time to time Austrian Foland means Galicia, for 40 per cent, of the entire population of result of the Liebknecht judgment there and run & little away on it, but pre- Austrian Silesia and Upper Hungary con- Lithuania, being most numerous in the did not appear to be any great feeling sently it goes flat again. German public tain very few Poles. Taking the smaller Cavernagent of Kovne. Whatever may against the Government. The outlook for opinion can be pumped up by sensu provinces first, Austrian Silesia is one of be the future of Poland it will be im International Socialism, and in partitional successes or events. The voyage the Austrian crown lands and in local possible for many hundreds of years to cular for the future influence of German of the Deutschland, the German version matters is self-governing, but, of course, come to eftace the fraces of their civil Labour organisation in Europe, is by no of the Eutland battle, the appointment the population does not consist entirely sation. The Poles are a progressive mean cheerful. In Germany the trade of Hindenburg-thieso suffice to pump up/ of Poles. It is only 61 per cent. Polish race, courageous, chivalrous and hospit-anion figures have decreased by nearly public opinion for the time being. And Germans and Bohemians form the reable. Poland has produced men of genius 50 per cent. But the important fact for now the Dobrudja successes will have a maining population, and the strength of in almost every walk of life-scientists, the moment is that, so far as I was able similar effect because they will be re- the Germans is itcreased by the Austrian musicians, painters, poets and states to see, there is no hope whatever of the garded as the first fruits of Hindenburg's Parliamentary system, which is so unfair men. If Poland can be offered a fair war being shortened by activo disaffection appointment.

But in between these sensations the that, although the Germans only repre- chance at the close of this war she will in the German civilian ranks. sent 45 per cent of the entire population, undoubtedly continue to develop along I do not mean to say that there is no faith of the German people seems to they slect 80 per cent of the deputies lines that will be for the benefit of the dissatisfaction. That is another matter. collaps. Not all the efforts of the representing that province in the Aus world in general. The Polish people There may be enough to eat, but there is Government and the Press can keep trian Parliament. The Germans also possess such vitality and powers of en- not plent to cat. The increase in the it taut and true. If only the Allies hold by far the larger share of the durance as will make it impossible to bread fation is to be extended, I was could succeed in not making any appointmente, and the greater part of crush and extinguish their love of free-told, on to manual labourers or men more than usually amazing blunders for the land is also owned by Germans. The dom and their desire for self-government, specially exposed to weather. Miners, some three or four months, it only the upper classes here, se in parts in German Our mission when this war is over must carters, and others will receive an extra quick intuition and intelligence tha Poland, have become Germanised, but be to establish the small nationalities on ration, but the bulk of the people will must be among them could prevent the the working classes still remain true to a firm foundation of liberty and sell not. On the other hand, bread will he Germans from scoring these sensational their nationality, They have a strong government. In the words of come a little cheaper since this was successes or performing these sensational national. Prem and an excellent educa Edward Grey," we wish the nationwritten the price bas been reduced to feats, for three or four months together, tional system. Is Galicia there are Europe to be free to live the indesd, for a 44lb. loaf of war bread and then I think the courage of the German WESTMINSTER TOBACCO,000 Peles, and in this Province ent lives, working out their own form meat may also be cheaper. But there people would sink to zero, and that they enjoy more liberty than in any government for themselves and hair will not be more of either for most norther sensation nor threat would bo whether the Government could then make CO. LTD.

other. There are two Polish Universities, own development, whether they be great people.

the people go on bearing their privationa. a large number of Polish schools, all States or small States, in full liberty-

Daily Mail (Donisnută at foot of nest Volumn,)

MEN'S WEAR SPECIALISTS,

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(Continued, ut fout of next Column.)

when the