1916-11-07 — Page 6

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MARTIN'S

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THERAPION

THE CAPTURE OF GORIZIA, the ground, the strength and number of THE FRENCH ON THE SOMME. the battlefield, even under the bright

ITALIAN STRATEGY.

ADVANCE TOWARDS TRIESTE.

the enemy's defences, the propinquity of Gorizia itself whence the fo was able continually to draw fresh renforcements all tended to make the position almost impregnable. But our infantry, magni- ficently supported by our artillery, The Hatizu General Staff have fought on and on, capturing en- sued a report on the brilliant opera- trenchment after entrenchment, and tions of the Armg from the beginning beating buck indemnat counter-attacks, of August to the latter part of Septem- Thus, on the afternoon of August 8th all ter. These include the taking of the boights on the right bank of the Gorizia and the advance across the Isonzo constituting the bridgehead of Carso plateau, towards Trieste.

Gorizia, as well na Monte San Michelo The report of the Italian General on the left bank, were in our possession, Staff on Gorizia and the Carso explains The whole line from the Isonzo to the that these great offensive operations were | valley of Tolmino was securely ours! prepared last winter. By the middle of May it was found necessary, however, owing to the violencs of the enemy onset, to dispatch to the Trentino a large part of the forces in reserve. In spite of this the Supreme Command persisted in their orders to the officers in command on the Isonzo front to carry on the offen. sive in accordance with their original plans. Thus it was that already in the first half of June, the enemy invasion of the Trenting having been checked, the Supreme Command was able, by dint of rapid maneuvring, to bring up from the Trentino to the Isonzo front rein forcements strong enough to render practicable the execution of the great attack.

THE FEINT AT MONFILCONE.

The report then goes on to describe the actual operations, of which the following is a summary:-*

ENTRY INTO GONIZIA.

ON THE CARSO LINĖS.

WONDERFUL FIGHTING:

MACHINE.

WHERE THREE ARMIES MEET.

[FROM THE TIMES" SPECJAL CORRESPONDENT;]

September sun, was a dull powdery greyish brown intersected by the white chalky lines of the roads and the trench parapets that remained. The interesting feature is not what One sees at what

first cursory glance, but one does not see till one tramps over the whole terrain that once was French and fertile, then German and desolate, and that now is French again. Then you begin to understand something of the enormous extent and power of the French artillery,

I have seen the French at the front and their preparations behind it on a great part of their l'ne from Champagne to

LINE OTON LINE OF GUNE Alsace. But nowhere have I seen any- The whole of the plateau north of the thing to compare with the organization river nearly as far as, and at one or two. that supporte the men in the trenches in point beyond, the 10 miles of the At dusk sections of the Casale and the battle of the Somme. It is stuper Péronne Bapaume road, which runs from Pavia Brigade crossed the Isonzo (the dous. It has all and more than all of south-east to north-west is in their hands. bridges over which had been danged the method which at the beginning of The front infantry-trenches are beyond by the enemy) and took up their position the war was commonly supposed to be the the sky-line.Dut the guns are every on the further bank. A column of cavalry special attribute of the enemy. I was where, line upon line of them. The day and Bersaglieri cyclists were at once dis talking yesterday to an officer of Chas was, as they always tell you on the spot, patched in pursuit of the enemy. Unseurs Alpins on the respective military except when a big offensive is going on, the morning of the 8th our infantry qualities of our Allies and the Germans, tot calme. The communique, if I re- entered Gorizia, while a column of Nous ne sommes pas des militaires," member right, spoke of violent combat cavalry and cyclists swept round the he remarked "nous sommes dos guer-d'artilleric. What it actually meant in countryside encircling the city and tiers." I think he was wrong. That the the way of sound was something like the silenced all further efforts at resistance French are a race of warriors no one, noise which I should think a couple of on the part of the enemy. On the 10th least of all the Germans, will dispute. thousand energetic beaters of carpets our infantry occupied the western slopes But during the war they have become would produce if they were all cooped up of the heights which command on the east something more than that. They have in the Albert Hall together. In a dozen the plain of Gorizia, and, more to the added to their great natural quality of directions at once the spurts of flashes It was all-important to take the enemy

south, the line of the Vertoibizza, the Gallic fighting spirit a talent for ran along the lines of the batteries with unawares in view of their advantage in

The taking of Gorizia deserves to be organizing the machinery of war which the rapidity of the ducks and drakes the matter of lines of communication ranked among the anest military feats not even Prussia can excel, if, indeed, it made by a flat stone skimming over the to the rear of the great mountainous in the history of our country. Within can equal it. They have not been oblig-surface of a sauny lake. Nearer at hand curve formed by the three ranges of the three days the most important of all the ed, like the English, to improviso nearly everywhere that we walked we kept com- Alps. The actual attack on the bridgefortified places of the enemy on the the whole of their armies the most maring across fresh lines of them. The bead of Gorizia had therefore, to be Isonzo front fell into our hands as the vellous and quickest improvisations of guns were of all sizes, and most of them preceded, two days earlier, by an attempt result of an attack in force one of the its kind that the world has won and they sected to be firing at once. On that on the sector of Moufalcone, so

ns most violent and powerful attacks in had already at the beginning of the war part of the battlefield the black and to divert the enemy's attention to this force on a fortified place which this war a fighting machine of very considerable grey and white clouds of smoke and vulnerable point-one of importance to has yet produced.

horse-power. But what they have dono débris that were constantly being shot. them.

The enemy command, as has been ad- is to alter and improve it out of all up by the bursting projectiles were mitted by our prisoners, had harboured accognition. Of the result of their efforts, caused not by the French shells, but by the illusion that the great efforts we had as I have seen it in driving through the the German. There were enough of them made first to check and then to turn country behind their lines on the Somme, in all conscience, but the volume of the back the Austrian invasion of the Tren- I will try to give some faint idea. We enemy a fire was nothing like ne great tino had put it out of all question for know in England something of the muras that of the guns round us on the It was on August 4th that the Ersts to embark on a new offensive, vels of our own organization behind the plateau, And yet tout était culme-up began at different points in the Monfal

lines, as well as of the gallantry of the to a point. Of what happens when that cone sector. The artillery having pre-

men in the trenches. We have heard, too, point is passed one can get some idea pared the way, our infantry advanced

Already on August 6th, while our accounts of the valour of the French from the state of abject ruin to which and drove the enemy out of Heights 8p troops were achieving the capture of fighting man, with the defence of Verdun the village of Maurepas, which stands and 121 to the east of the Rocca. But the Monte San Michele, on the northern side as its culminating point. It will not at about the centre of the plateau, was enemy, masters of ignoble wiles, had left of the Carso, on the opposite wing in the diminish our confidence in the certainty reduced by the two French attacks which great numbers of asphyxiating bombs in Munfalcone zone Bersaglieri cyclists of the coming triumph to study in the were necessary before it was taken. I the abandoned trenches, and these ex made themselves masters of Height 85, country to the south of the Somme front have seen scores of other villages destroy- ploded with terrible results to our men. On the following days the enemy made the wonderful extent of the war prepara-ed by bombardment but none that can Soon afterwards immense enemy forces a series of desperate efforts to retake his tions which our Allies-surely militaires compare with this. It is not even a were thrown forward in a counter stronghold on Monte San Michele, but no less than guerriere--have made..

skeleton of a village. There may be two attack which constrained our troops, always was repulsed. He lost also the overpowered by the effects of the gas and village of Boschini, which had been

ing. The rest has gone absolutely. There are small fragments of masonry left stand- greatly reduced in numbers, to with strongly fortified, on the northern slopes

not even heaps of powdered bricks lying draw to their original front, taking their of the mountain. More to the south our

Nothing is felt, but prisoners with them. The enemy hurricane took several trenches in the neigh

tortured earth and a few shattered tree- forward reinforcements towards the Monbourhood of San Martino del Carso, cog in the machine. After more than stumps.

On the 10th a vigorous attack by our

And it was through this On the morning of the 6th the whole army upon the entire front of the enemy in a way that can hardly, as I imagine of the German fire which partly caused.

two years of war they swarm in France, abomination of desolation and the holl of our artillery and bombing batterica between the Vippacco and Monte Cosich still be the case in Germany. As you it that the French in these past weeks opened fire with much violence and to wis crowned with complete success. The great effect, on the entire enemy front routed enemy abandoned the entire zone nearer the river you drive at first swept forward, village by village and from Monte Saboting to San Michele. to the west of the Vallone, only main through miles of open plain, with barilly touch by treach, till they drove the At 4 pm, it was ascertained that the taining strong rear guards on the heights a tree to be seen except along the sides enginy back over the crest three or four first line of the enemy as completely of the Debell and on Height 121. Our roads there are Siere few signe GHENER TA SHOULDER...

of the straight, unending roads. Off the shuttered. Wate upon wave of vir troops occupied Rubbia, San Martino del The chief features of the flat landscape, infantry rushed forward nauntlessly to prs, the platean of Doberdo, and as far as the eye can see, are cabbages: Maurepas, on the day that I was there, Less than two miles north-east of the attack

Monte Cosich, and attained the line of positions until then thought impregnable. On the left of our the Vallone up to Crni hrib. On the ad cattle and standing sheaves of een, the English were engaged in taking front (45th Division) a column com next day, the 11th, having traversed the But on the roads, even in this pastoral Combles with the French. A little far manded by Colonel Badoglio of the Yallone, they made a brilliantly success three continuous lines of dusty grey cars,

district, there are two and sometimes ther to the south, beyond the river, I General Staft moved forward to the 35 Nad Logem (Height 212) and the sumnit comiaus, drays, omnibuses, gun carriages, Quentin, which is the gateway to

fal attack on the western slopes of the

saw the French bombarding Mont St. mult of the mighty barrier of Monte of the Crni hrib. On the 12th the crest all of thear motor-driven, broken here favourable than the point of liaison ambulance and munition wagons, nearly Peronne. No position could be mor Sabotine, the key to the defence of

of Nad Logem, after a stubborn defence, Gorizia. Such was the élan of our troops was captured by our gallant troops of and there by a troop of cavalry or a com- that, forcing their way over the enemy's lines in a single rush, they attained the 23rd Division. Simultaneously we got direction they are moving, with one and ine) for judging the temper and spirit pany of fantassing, all, in whichever between the two Armies (which is situated just about the Maricourt-Hardecourt Height 600, the summit of the mountain, possession of Oppachiasella and advanced surprising and taking prisoners praca kilometre (1,100 yards) farther to the only one abject in view-to serve and tically the entire garrison. The advance east of this spot on the southern slopes Provision the front. was continued rapidly towards the of the Carao, having, taken the other Isonzo, and by the evening we had reach peaks of Hill 121 and of the Debeli. ed the San Valentino-San Mauro line 16th, the fighting continued very vigorous. You begin to hear the booming of the On the subsequent days, down to the teral age to the age of irm and stell. Then, sudden, you pass from the pas along the eastern slopes of Monte Sabotino.

falcone sector.

an

THE ATTACK OF GORIZIA.

1.

ly and with ever new successes for our

lines, in every village and town through To begin with, everywhere behind the which you pass in a motor drive of two or three or four hours, there are horses on the ground, and armed men the first indispensable

mud,

PASSING TO THE IRON AGE.

miles farther DI

THE TRIBUNALS.

MORE "COMING OUT” DEMANDED.

of the French and English troops and of the third army which is here making its stand (bat always slowly giving way) against them. And there is not a

shoulder, but that they are winning only that they are fighting shoulder shadow of doubt that the feeling not

troops, who destroyed other formidable guns. Life is too grim here for corn and almost daily victories side by side, is nes of entrenchments to the east of cattle and cabbages, The country is still an incentive of utmost value to the two On the high ground to the west of Nad Logem and on the western slopes open, but the flatness of the plain is gone, Albed Armies. Gorizia, the Lambre Brigade, belonging of Monte Fecinka. From that date and gives plate to long rolling slopes, no to the 43rd Division, made an attack nogion also, as in the Gorizia 2016,

forward the operations in this re longer of grey-green grass, but of beaten un Height 188, which had already been

The whole world has turned into the scene of so many sanguinary engage reason of the necessity of, now disposi-you can see in front and on either side.. began to wear a methodical aspect by one huge camp, which extends as far as ments, and after much herd fighting succeeded in taking it. Then to the south tions of the troops and of planning out On every slope and in every hollow there the Abruzzi Brigade of the 24th Division systematic defences of the territory we are lines and lines and camps and camps made a frontal attack on the very had taken.

of men and horses, and all the implements strongly fortified lines of Oslavia and,

The plateau of Carso Goriziano is and weapons of war, almost without vercoming an obstinate defence, succeed by nature a formidable position, protect exaggeration as the sands of the en in ed finally in becoming masters of it,

The Oswaldtwistle Local Tribunal on ed in front by the deep trench-like valley number. And yet this is only a fraction making their way at dusk into the neigh-

of the Isonzo and buttressed by Ban of the combined forces of the French and October 5th granted temporary exemp bourhood of Peuma. On Monte Podgora Debeli and Height 121 to the south. The

Michela to the north and Cosich and English Armies,

tion to a number of tradesmen, the chairman (Mr. Hindle), stuting that the the Cuneo Brigade of the 11th Division surface of the platean, undulating, there is still one more stage shorter had adopted this course because they Before you finally reach the battlefieldtribunal wished it to be known that they carried all before them, quickly su honeycombed with holes and caves, lends one, of only a mile or two-along the felt strongly that the single men in mounting the crest and taking up their itself peculiarly well to the purposes of southern bank of the river. The ground munition works ought to be taken first, position on the Grafenberg. There, at grips with enemy forces far outnumber defence, and the Austrian Command had is more broken now. On your right it The military representativo (Mr. Usher) ing them, they kept up a furious battle made god use of it, having constructed rises steeply to a sixty-foot ridge that stated that he would not claim any man all through the night Finally, to the

An intricate maze of trenches, deep down shuts out all the country beyond. Oni business with a reasonable amount of extreme south of the heights the troops under rocks and to a great extent iron your left the width of the river and the capital involved so long as single young of the 12th Division had climbed Monte caned. It might have been thought that reedy marshes that surround it, more like munition workers were left badged and Calvario and had descended upon the the stronghold had been made imprega peaceful Norfolk broad than anything the Government took no action to prov enemy's line of defence lying along the noble, and as the Austrians had regarded else in England but some of the barges cure their services for the Army. level ground between the southern borderit. of the Podgors and the Isonzo,

THE CARBO BARRIKE

PRISONERS AND BOOTY.

In the course of the operations from the 4th to the 15th of August we took 18,766 Astruggle not less sanguinary and prisoners, of whom 393 were officers, 30 equally victorious was in progress on the big guns, 6 bomb-throwers, 92 machine southern border of the Carso, where the guns, 12,295 rifles, 6,000,000 cartridges, gallant infantry of the 22nd Division 3,000 shells, 60,000 bombs, and a rich attacked simultaneously the strongly booty of war material of every descrip- fortified line of Monte San Michele, astion. well as the great barrier defending Gorizia and the Carso (already bathed with so much generous Italian blood

GERMAN

SURRENDER DRILL"

that float in its channels can hardly be

At the House of Commons section of called peaceful-stretch away north the London Appeal Tribunal, in an wards to another line of low heights, and appeal by an employe of the Army and little farther on the reeds and trees Navy stores, it was stated that employés suddenly before you a succession of wide of the stores who joined the Army treeless slopes and shallow ravines, & received no. allowance and also lost grouse moor without the heather, reach benefit in the benevolent fund, The ing up and up to the distant horizon. Chairman (Mr. Betterworth Piggott), in It was from this point, the loop of the adjourning the case for inquiries, said river between Maricourt to the north and that if the statements were true it w Eclusier on the south bank, that the scandalous state of affairs. NER French began their offensive on July let, in concert with our own a little farther

An appeal on behalf of a young ma aged 19, described as a pattern cutter,

during the 15 months of the war), and So freely have the enemy been surto the north. For some time before our was summarily dismissed, the Chairmen after a succession of strenuous assaults rendering in some of the recent engage motor-ear reached the line from which remarking that the Tribunal could tot secured complete possession of it. The ments that a joke is going around to the their troops made the first gallant rush waste time hy going into it. A sing enemy offered a brave and determined re-effect that the Germans practise sur the French guns were hanging and Bachman of 19 could not be allowed to go sistance all along the line and sold the render drill in anticipation of our ing behind us and on each side at the about the streets doing nothing for i victory dear. Apart from the main attacks. Not otherwise, it is claimed, enemy trenches beyond the far-off sky-country

kieg struggle, there were very many isolated could they attain to such uniformity in line. To the north of the river the dis- At the City Local Tribunal Colorez hand-to-hand encounters with small the alacrity with which they come out of tance from Maricourt past. Maurepas to Stuart Sankey, the City Remembrance groups of desperado fighters in caverns the dug outs, proffering all their vala Banchavesnes, about the farthest point as head of a division of the Special and on isolated peaks teadables as the price of their lives. It must which the French have reached in this Constabulary, applied for the exemption Having by the capture of Monte Hot be supposed that this readiness to direction is between five and six miles. of an "emergency offers!!, who he esit, Sabotino and of Monte San Micaele surrender makes the gallantry of our men There is little need to describe the ap was the only man in the division secured possession of the lateral but any the less, or the fighting less severe pearance of this great plateau to those lived in the City. He did very *mporta tresors of the bridgehead of Gorizia, we The German does not surrender until we who have read the accounts of the other work and he would be urgently requi

are in his trenches The artillery. the had now to address ourselves to the rife and machine gun fire have to be faced battlefields of the war They are all of in the event of a Zeppelin falling in the storming of the barriers still offered by in every attack. It is when our men have them very like each other. What trees City Replying to the chairman, Colonel the heights immediately to the west of broken through these and have rushed the there were are gone, out off short by the Stuart, Sankey said the regular polito the city. The fight bere was force and trenches, when the bumb and bayonet shells that have ploughed up the ground were depending more and more on foo desperate, and lasted until the afternoon stage is reached that the enemy breaks and demolished the whole amazing net. · Special Constabulary. A postponement, of August 8th. The difficult nature of down.

work of Germann trenches. The colour of of two months was granted.