1916-10-27 — Page 7

MARNE

THE HONGKONG DAILY PRHES, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 27TH, 1916.

ROMANCE OF THE FOOR |FIRST FULL STORY OF THE

- MAN'S WAH SAVINGS.

£50,000,000 LENT TO NATION IN NINE MONTHS.

"SCHEME WHICH IS TEACHING THE

.PEOPLE TO SAVE.".

On September 2nd, 30:970,785 war savings' certificates had been applied for, and Exchequer Bonds to the amount of

$30.100,000,

These are wonderful figures. They indicate that within less then wine months the small investor has provided the Government with considerably

war B50,000,000 towards financing the The story of how this has been accom plished is worth the telling.

over

The National War Savings Committee has Mr. R. M. Kindersley, who is the governor of the Hudson Bay Company and a director of the Bank of England, As soon as as its acting chairman. possible it commenced the work of estab- fishing War Saving Associations in all parts of the country. The first associa Lion was affiliated on April 5th. Since then 7,659 have been formed with member.

The ships ranging from 58 to 5,000. counties which have the largest number

of associatings are:-

London Yorkshire Lancashire

Warwick

889 693

·518

376

Notts

350

Gloucester

337

Leicester

287

Stafford

Surrey

232

lincoln.

201

Cheshire

189

100

144

Kent

Durham Norfolk

149·

Employers in all parts of the country are enthusiastically promoting the activities of the associations. In some eases they are buying large blocks of certificates, so that when a man begins to contribute his sd, a week, interest begins at once instead of waiting 31 weeks.

SECRECY OF PURCHASE.

The fear has been expressed that men may be deterred from taking up member ship in the associations on the ground that they do not wish their employers to know how much they are saving. The War Savings Committee have not come across a single instance of this. Indeed, if their scheme is adopted, no one but the investor himself need know how much he is putting by each week,

.centres.

The war saving certificates were avail. able on February 22nd. On the first day 2204 were applied for. The first associa- tion was formed on April 5th, and the following certificates were applied for before that date:--

HOW 1,300,000 GERMANS LEFT 180,000 MEN ON THE FIELD.

The bulletin of the French armies on the occasion of the second anniverenry of the Marne gives a long account the first complete one of the victory

It "tates that on September 5th General

Joffre considered that the disposition required had been realized,'' and' he' ordered the armies to turn on the enemy and free their frant.

The enemy advanced rapidly, even imprudently." The mass thrown against our army consisted of about 1,300,000 men, who by various routes, appreached Paris..

KLLOK'S 620,000 WARRIORS, By the Oise route Kluck and Bulow (1st and 2nd armies) threw against us 590,000 warriors; the first of these ap peared to be marching on Paris, whereas the second kept to Guise, and gained Laon in the direction of Epernay.

Hausen with the third army (120,000 men) was marching from Bethel on Chalons, Duke Albrecht of Wurtemburg (4th army), with 200,000 men, was ad vancing from Sedan in the direction of Vitry le Francois, while the Imperial Crown Prince, also at the head of 200,000 men (5th army), after having wheeled around Verdun, and having passed the Meuse and part of the Argonne, was descending towards the Ornain and the Somme valleys.

HOW THE ALLIES. WAITED.

MODERN WARFARE.

REVIVAL OF ANCIENT EQUIPMENT.

Dr. James J. Walsh, M.D. in the New Tork Herald, gives some interesting details of the ancient equipment which the war lias revived. The spade, man's oldest implement, his very first ven of modern ingenuity. The bayonet, which tion, has beaten the rife that triumph

strument of warfare, has come into its was looked upon as almost an effete in

own again; hand-to-hand fighting, which was considered as quite surely a thing of the past, has come back to be one of the commonest af incidents; but prefer |ably none of these has proved quite so aurprising as the fact that, in spite of the velocity and destructive power of modern missiles, defensive armour has come back and the helmet at least has been found of distinct service.

ARRESTS IN HOLLAND. ALLEGED SHIPPING NEWS FOR U-BOATS.

an

[BY CHARLES TOWER]

The two nich recently arrested by the Dutch police on suspicion of being spies in the pay of Germany are believed to be chiefly responsible for the recent. merchant steamers running from Butter sinking of Dutch, British, and Norwegian

German named Hansen, formerly dom to British ports. The men are a

officer in one of the German Vulcan Company's steamers and a Dutch- man, Jacob Dirkzwager, who WIS a British Consular agent at Measluis. and the Hook-of Holland until March, 1915. His father is still Norwegian Consular agent, and the Dirkewager firm, of which both are members, were until

Just year

Lloyd's agents at Maasluis, Vlaardingen, and the Hook of Holland MAIS

SEAGER'S

OLD TOM

GIN

is the ONLY GIN approved and recommended by the Consulting Scientific Staff of the British Analytical Control.

SOLE AGENTS:

H. RUTTONJEE & SON.

16, QUEEN'S ROAD,

JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN

STRAMEL

BRGULAR FORTNIGHTLY SERVION BETWEEN

JAVA, CHINA AND. JAPAN.

METAL HELMETH, AND Before this war most of the German Hanson was first officer of a ship laid- troops wore metal helmets, or at least up since August, 1014, in the Vulcan capa of various kinds with metal brac private dock near Vlaardingen. For inga, which greatly protected them some t'me he was the caretaker of threo against injuries from the sword. Uhlan Vulcan ships. Later, when dismissed, he helmets probably afford an absolute remained at Vigardingen, calling him- protection from this form of attack, and self a trade agent. He appeared to most of the officers of the German army have plenty of money and frequently wear head pieces which afford similar made trips to call on Dirkzwager at Protection. It was the French, however, Manslu's and also went to the Book of who deliberately experimented with and Holland. His activities led to his. then regularly adopted a steel belmet correspondence being watched, and pre- for the protection of the troops figuringently, it is alleged, it was found that * TITTAROEM..... SHANGHAI in the trenches. A

The experience of previous wars was that head wounds amounted to about 15 per cent. of all the wounds received by

soldiers.

Dirkzwager had sent. hím a telegram giving exact details of the cargo of the Batavier IF, and the hour of her sailing One ship, which carried 60 passengers and food for England, was detained for 24 hours at the Hook of Holland, thus probably escaping German submarines.

While this proportion of a little more The French army, which had turned than one in seven of all wounds being in the head region was more than might round, waited for them in a singularly be expected in previous wars, the per- Dirkzwager and Hansen are alleged fortunate formation. The armies under French, Esporey, Foch and Cary, on the centage at the beginning of the present to be responsible for the destruction of war rose to twenty-five per cent., or prob the Zecurond. The former, it is sug- west and on the east, offered a front ably a little bit more than one in four gested, probably betrayed to Hansen for slightly bent both on the left and on the of all the wounds received. When it is German as details of the lading of right, the army under Manoury being recalled how much of the present cun- several Norwegian steamers destined for in battle array in the Ouro Valley Bict has taken the form of trench war England and sunk with suspicious from the north-west to the south cast, and fare, this is not a surprisingly high pro regularity recently. A German woman the army under Barrai! being ranged portion. Indeed, only for the hand-to-named Fraulein Zwieper was also, it is between Revigny and Verdun, from the hand combats which have characterized thought, connected with the men, Her north-east to the south-west, the one back attack and defence in the trenches it business, it is suggested, was to give ing upon the entrenched camp of Paris, would seem as if the proportion might telegraphic details of meat shipped from which Gallient was activity fortifying. be even higher. As a general rule in Holland for England, She obtained her and the other backing towards the enthe past and even in the early part of information from butchers at the export trepelied camp of Verdus, which the this war one in three at least of all head slaughter-house at the Hook of Holland. German army bad not dared to attack wounds penetrated the skull and more Dady Mast.ma from the front.

than half of those were fatal.

THE ENEMY'S PERIL,

THEIR PROTECTIVE POWERS. A recent analysis of statistics at one The Germans were making headway clearing station in France, to which and were throwing themselves into wounded soldiers were brought, with All the organizing work is in the hands kind of semi-circle. If the front would helmets worn by all the men in the of Four commissioners, who have each a district committed to their charge. These only hold, and if the enemy attacked it are Mr. James Parker. M.F., Mr. J. W too long, the two armies might gradually trenches, shows that penetrating gunshot wounds of the head formed only a little Pratt, M.P. Mr. A. B. Marshall, M.Pelose in apon them and the German more than one-half of one per cent and Mr. Theodore Chambers, who have defeat turn out to be a disaster.

The total fractures of the skull from voluntarily undertaken the work. They On the evening of September 6th the all causes, in spite of all that we have have under them 18 local representatives, Germans occupied the equivalent of heard of clubbed rifles and the frightful and 440 local committer have been about 10 or 11 of the French Depart shell fire, were less than one per cent. This formed. Many gentlemen have placed ments. After having left on the field immense reduction of wounds wouli their services at the disposal of the Com over 150,000 mon the German army, with seen almost incredible only for the fact mittee asspeakers, and meetings are being held in all the great industrial drawing 40, 60 and 80 kilometres (the that a large number of the helmets equivalent of eight of our Departments), showed signs of having been glanced abandoned two-thirds of its attack. over or bore other marks of having been In addition to this the Germans hit by a missile of some kind which abandoned all their dreams of Paris would surely have produced a rather and Verdun, and they will never again serious injury only for the steel cover be seen beyond the line from which bug. In a good many cases where hel they were thrown back on the evening mets were rather badly damaged the men had suffered no more serious injury of September 13th.

than a scalp wound. In not a few cases, indeed, where helmets were dented or showed signs of having been struck in some way, the soldiers wearing them, probably because of the excitement of the conflict, were not even aware of the fact that a bullet had touched them, The helmets are not bulletproof, when a rifle bullet hits them directly and, of course, cannot be made heavy enough, without seriously incommanding the soldier, to offer much resistance to a large piece of shell, but they do protect rather completely against glancing mis sileg of any kind.

Last 7 days of February. Month of March First 3 days in April...

Total

262,906 1,371,

158,023

1,790,904

How the number of applications increased after the associations began to be formed will be appreciated from the following table::---

February 22nd February 29th August 9th

2,204 66,042 1,029,159

The account closca by stating that of the errors which caused the German defeat the chief one appears to have been that of presumption.-Wireless Press.

A MILLION CHILDREN

DEFECTIVE.

STARTLING DISCLOSURE BY BIR G. NEWMAN.

During August a holiday month- 12,206,142 certificates were issued. The latest returns are complete up to Septem- ber 2nd, and up to that date 30,970,785 certificates had been applied for.

Not less than a quarter of a million January 10th the Treasury announced that Exchequer Bonds of £5, £29, and children of school age are seriously crip- £80 could be obtained.

to the value of £30,100,000,

BIO CONTRIBUTIONS.

O

The

It will be realized at the beginning of the war a great many men were in- pled, invalided, or disabled: not less Jused seriously, or even killed in who 2nd, 343,000 of these had been purchased than a million are so physically or men- scarcely a sign of any wound could be tally defective or diseased as to be unfound. Indeed, in not a few, cases of the education which the State provides in their neighbourhood there was ques able to derive reasonable benefit from men instantly killed by a shell exploding The number of elementary school tion either of their having been shocked Interesting facta have come to

children is six millions.

to death or of the shell containing some knowledge of the Committee. At one

Men financial bouse in the City the whole staff, This startling statement on the physi gas which had snuffed out life. from the manager to the charwomen, have cal and mental condition of so large a were found dead apparently without a joined the association formed there. At a percentage of our coming citizens is wound of any kind to show how the fatal factory near Loudon 8,483 certificates made in the annual report for 1915, issue had occurred. This was at the be More careful ex have been sold in seven weeks.

Published as a Blue Book, of the chief ginning of the war. There are 1,500 members in the associa-medical officers of the Board of Educa- amination of these bodies later on, how- tions in Camberwell, and these have rion. Sir George Newman points out ever, showed that very often minute already paid in £8,277. One association that consideration of the situation seems pieces of shell scarcely thicker than s alone in this borough received £80 from to indicate that the physical welfare, and sheet of paper had been driven with its members. Wandsworth has 55 associa in part the education, of the child of high velocity through the skull, inflict tions. At Richmond a working man's school age is dependent on its originsing only a very slight wound and yet club has an association with 130 members. upon ante-school conditions-healthy billing instantly by hurting a vital In nine weeks they have saved over £700. parentage, care of infancy, a desirable The boot and shoe operatives of Notting home life of nurture. It is dependent in part. Deaths of this kind are almost ham have formed an association and they its issues upon post-school conditions; completely prevented by the use of the are now collecting over £1,000 a week, continued physical education, supervision

helmet.

THE BRITISH HELMET.

As a consequence of these wounds being often in the lower part of the skull

the

• TJILIWONG...]

TJJBODAS

TJIKINI

FROM

EXPROYED OR OS ABOUT

WILL LEAVES

ON ON ABOUT

TOR.

2nd Nov,

4th Nov.

JAYA

KOBE

3rd Nov.

eth Nov.

JAVA & MAKASSER

JAVA & MACASSAR

33th Nov,

17th Nov.

KOBE

JAVA

11th Nov.

14th Nov.

SHANGHAT

Wiralem Telegraphy.

The Bronzzers are aå åtted theunghoni with Biestrie Läght and have accommodation der limited number of Balcon Pamengers. All shaamacs curry a duly qualified surgeon. Cargo "takan at through rutes to all ports in Netherlands India and Australia.”.

Yer Particulary of Freight and Pamaga, sprly to the

York Bulding, 1st Floor,

JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN.

Telephone No. 1574.

JAVA-PACIFIC LINE

OF THE

JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN.

Monthly" Sunvion · · BerwarN

rubber buffers, each about the thickness of a lead pencil and about an inch long. NETH. INDIA, MANILA, HONGKONG & SAN FRANCI800. This makes a sort of rubber tire to take up shocks of all kinds. The ro- siliont india rubber is quite capable of diffusing and even neutralising the fores of a blow which might otherwise

prove fatal.

In many cases there seems to be no doubt that not only were lives saved by this contrivance, but what would other wise have been a serious wound has often been converted into a mere bruise or scalp wound, requiring only a few days for heating. The French helaet, fitting so closely to the head, conducts the shock direct to the brain pan and gives concus sion at least to the brain when it does not produce more serious consequences.

In spite of the weight of the British helmet, which constitutes its most serious drawback, it has proved such a good pro tection that there is a question of in- creasing its protective effect by lowering the brim still further so as to guard against bomb fragments or other missiles ring upward from a point within a com- paratively short radins of the wearer. As this is exactly the way in which the hel met of the old coats of mail gradually increased as covering for the head the modern helmet evolution beconies even

At first there more interesting. nothing but a pot-like cover for the head and then, later, flanges and brims and side pieces were added to it and then ultimately a visor.

Was

As the modern helpset grows in size one is tempted to wonder whether there tecting device added to the present helmet might not be yet a sharp-edged face pro with reasonably large slots for eyes and for breathing purposes which would give trenches. As it is the helmet with goggles and otherwise complete head renewed confidence at least in charging

covering, which has to be worn so as 10 protect against poisonous gases, shows how far modern military authorities are. quite willing to go back to the old- fashioned ideas if they can be of help in the protection of the soldier. THE BREAST PLATE-

The breast plate which bas proved-use- ful to cuirassiers and the recognition of the fact that horsemen could be protected to some extent at least by metal and leather apparatus of various kiads might naturally have suggested the use of steel plates to afford some protection against abdominal and thoracic wounds for 100t soldiers. The steel plate has been tried, but it is not nearly so efficient as the Steel helmet for protective purposes. plates of various kinds were experi-. mented with, particularly for the charg

inevitable.

At Keighley 62 associations have been of juvenile employment, and some practi formed, and £15,000 raised. The paycal guidance in the duties of healthy and ments now amount to over £1,000 a week, responsible parenthood. which is equal to 63. 8d. per head of the In other words, if we are determined or what is popularly called the backing of trenches, but as ballots hit them of the head or upper part of the neck often quite directly, penetration is almost popalation of the town. At Watford to rear a healthy and virile race of high

Attempts to fashion the 1,140 new members have joined the capacity we must, from a physical stand-the British, when it came to devising associations there during the past fort point, begin earlier and continue later their helmets, gave it a wide, downward plates with a sharp angle at the centre so that they might thus be made lighter night At Norwich £15,396 has been than the hitherto accepted period of sloping brim, which protects particularly subscribed within the past six weeks:

education.

the side and back of the neck, though and yet cause the bullets to glance were without much favourable effect in lower Mr. Kindersley takes great interest in Sir George lays particular stress upon it affords better protection to

ing the number of wounds. Bullets that the work of the Committee. We are the extreme value of an open-air life and temples and upper part of the face than

glance from the head usually go off into discovering an entirely new vein," he said a proper system of physical education. does the French helmet, which is made

The air those that glaner from breast tos Daily Chronicle representative. The organization is ready, waiting for especially for the protection of the top piates, however, are still likely to bit "The expenditure of the Government is the adoption and a powerful impulse, sides of the head. The British helmet soldiers in the neighbourhood and the new about £1,825,000 a year. Of this, and every child in the State should have is severely plain cupshaped, with ir protection afforded to one endangers about £500,000,000 goes abroad. The the full advantage of the open air and regular flange, and because of the others to some extent, normal expenditure of the country is of a systematic physical training. breadth of the brim looks much shal

The success of the helmet, however, has about £200,000,000 20 that about Disquieting figures are given by Sir lower than the French helmet. It is created the feeling that probably, breast £1,100,000,000 extra is being spent at the Georgo as to the extent of juvenile em not actually so, however, but is deeper plates could be made much more effective, present time. Of course, all this is not ployment caused by the war. It would This British helmet has a smooth, round for protective purposes, especially in paid in extra wages, but good deal of appear that in 1910 there were approzi: it is and it is here that the value of our mately 45,000 fewer children in the age top, while the crown of the French charging trenches, than has been possible work is shown.

groups 11 to 12 years and upwards on helmet has a prominent ridge, tapering up to this.

The fact that armour should come back But we are doing something more the registers of public elementary schools centrally backward.

The British belmet does not fit, so at all is Burprising enough, but that it than finding & handsome som for the than in the light of experience in the Government; we are inducing people to past 10 years would have been expected tightly around the lead as that of the should prove even comparatively so suc Have who never saved before. I do not Inquiry has shown that on May 31st, 1916, French, standing away indeed about crasful has added another to the entirely unexpected events of the war. A helmet- like to prophesy, but I believe that before not less than 10,000 children were excused one third of an inch all round. This Christmas we shall have some millions of for the purpose of agricultural whole allows for some ventilation, though the ed, breast plated soldier charging directly people contributing through our associs-time employment alone Both of these weight of the helmet is borne by a into a trench is such a reversion to old- tions.

And I want to see the work figures, the 45,000 and the 15,000, broadly padded leather band fixed to the inter time warfare as to be almost amusing if extended. Soldiers and sailors, for speaking, probably do not fully represent side of the steel cap by a series of india, it were not so amazing. The war prab- ably, however, has other and even greater instance, might contribute.”

(Continued at fool of nest Colama.). marprises than this still in stofe for us.

the total lose.

Next Ballings for BAN FRANCISCO vis NAGASAKI Babject to Change Without Notion

-88. "KARIMOEN "

8.8. *TJIKEMBANG

8.8. ARAKAN"

88, "TJIBONDARI”

11th November.

12th December.

* 1917 11th January,

11th February,

The Steamers have sccommodation for a limited number of Salian Pinsengues and carry

s daly qualified surgeon.

Cargo: taken on through Bills of Tading to all. Overland Polate în the Unitad States of Amerion and Canada.

For Particulars of Freight and Pange, apply to

Tork Buildings

JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN,

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194

THE AUSTRALIAN ORIENTAL

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BAILINGS (BUBJECT TO ALTEBATION).

Arrives Hongkong

from

*TAIYUAN "

Blakmar.

Genres Hongkong for Australia.

31st Oct,

7th Nov.

This Steamer is fitted with Refrigerating Machinery, unending a plantiful warmly Ion, Fresh Frovisions, etc., sad han superior socommodation with Electric light throughout and Electric Fans in the State Bouma. A daly qualified Doster is carried. Reduced Furn Cargo booked through for all Australian, New Zealand and Tammanian Porta

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TELEPHONE No. 36.

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